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[[Category:Christian nationalism]]
[[Category:January 6 United States Capitol attack]]
[[Category:Religion and politics in the United States]]
[[Category:Christianity and politics]]
[[Category:2020 United States presidential election]]
[[Category:Political symbolism]]
[[Category:American civil religion]]

**NOTOC**

== Christian Symbols and Rhetoric on January 6 ==

Religious symbols, language, music, and ritual were highly visible among some participants in the demonstrations surrounding the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. Archival material collected by the Uncivil Religion Project documents crosses, images of Jesus and the Virgin Mary, evangelical signs, worship songs, shofars, biblical quotations, and political messages that combined Christian language with support for Donald Trump and opposition to the certification of the 2020 presidential election.

The religious activity represented several different Christian traditions and political outlooks. Some participants displayed explicitly evangelical slogans such as "Jesus Saves" and "Ye Must Be Born Again." Others carried Catholic devotional imagery, including representations of Jesus, Mary, and the Infant of Prague. Some participants sang hymns and contemporary worship music, while Jericho March activists used shofars and biblical imagery drawn from the Book of Joshua.

Journalists, scholars, theologians, and legal commentators subsequently debated how these displays should be interpreted. Some sources in the collected material describe them within the framework of Christian nationalism, while others examine them through concepts such as civil religion, religious grievance, charismatic Christianity, prophecy, spiritual warfare, political polarization, and election activism.

=== Christian Signs and Political Imagery ===

Numerous Christian signs and images appeared alongside American flags, Trump banners, and other political symbols. Archival photographs and video document signs declaring "Jesus is King," "Jesus Saves," and other Christian messages. One artifact combined the words "God," "Guns," and "Trump" with a cross, while another depicted Jesus wearing a MAGA hat alongside Trump and QAnon imagery.

Other examples joined biblical quotations with political messages. A banner displayed by Chinese American Trump supporters quoted Proverbs 14:34 while appearing alongside anti-communist and pro-Trump signs. Another artifact associated with the "Appeal to Heaven" tradition presented political conflict in language suggesting a need for divine intervention.

A large cross associated with the Jericho March appeared alongside Trump imagery, creating a visual combination of biblical symbolism and partisan politics. The archival record also includes clothing bearing the phrase "Faith, Family, Freedom" near the gallows erected outside the Capitol.

These examples demonstrate that religious and political symbolism frequently appeared together, although the meaning participants attached to individual symbols varied.

=== Worship, Hymns, and Devotional Activity ===

Christian worship was another visible feature of the gathering. Archival recordings document groups singing Christian worship music outside the Capitol. Participants sang "Amazing Grace," "Revelation Song," and "How Great Is Our God," while others repeatedly sang or proclaimed "Jesus Saves."

The "Battle Hymn of the Republic" was also performed. One archived scene shows children carrying Trump flags while singing the hymn. Because the song combines biblical imagery with themes of national struggle and has a long history in American political culture, it illustrates the overlap between religious expression and American civil religion.

Other participants engaged in individual devotional activity. One recording documents a woman singing and invoking Jesus outside the Capitol, while another shows a group participating collectively in worship.

These practices show that the religious dimensions of the gathering were not limited to signs or political speeches. Prayer, singing, ritual, and devotional behavior were also present.

=== Catholic and Evangelical Imagery ===

The religious symbolism documented on January 6 was not exclusively evangelical Protestant. Archival material includes images of Jesus and the Virgin Mary as well as an Infant of Prague devotional image.

These artifacts indicate that Catholic imagery appeared alongside evangelical signs and charismatic Christian practices. The resulting religious landscape included several Christian traditions rather than a single unified religious movement.

At the same time, evangelical language was especially prominent in signs emphasizing conversion, salvation, and the authority of Jesus. Messages such as "Jesus Saves," "Jesus is King," and "Ye Must Be Born Again" employed familiar evangelical language within a political demonstration.

The coexistence of evangelical, Catholic, charismatic, and civil-religious imagery complicates attempts to describe the religious presence on January 6 as belonging to only one denomination or theological movement.

=== The Jericho March ===

The Jericho March movement provided one of the clearest links between biblical symbolism, prayer, and efforts to challenge the outcome of the 2020 presidential election.

In the weeks before January 6, activists gathered in Washington and other locations to pray for the election result to be reversed. The movement drew its name from the biblical account in the Book of Joshua in which the Israelites march around the city of Jericho before its walls fall.

Participants adapted this imagery to contemporary political circumstances. Reports described marchers circling government buildings, praying, singing worship music, and calling for what some described as a divine or miraculous intervention in the presidential election.

Events in December 2020 combined prayer, election-fraud claims, biblical rhetoric, clergy, and prominent Trump allies. By January 5, 2021, Jericho March participants were again gathering in Washington immediately before Congress met to certify the Electoral College vote.

=== Shofars and Biblical Warfare Imagery ===

The shofar became one of the most distinctive religious symbols associated with the Jericho March and January 6.

A shofar is traditionally a Jewish ritual horn, usually made from a ram's horn. Some charismatic Christians have incorporated shofars into Christian worship and spiritual-warfare practices, often drawing connections to biblical narratives involving battle, divine intervention, or the fall of Jericho.

Archival material documents participants blowing shofars near the Capitol. Some were draped in American flags while doing so, visibly combining patriotic imagery with biblical ritual. Other images show Jericho March participants blowing smoke from shofars in theatrical displays.

Later scholarship has examined relationships among the New Apostolic Reformation, Messianic Jewish influences, shofar use, prophecy, and the spiritual-warfare ideas present in some activist networks associated with the events leading to January 6.

=== Prophecy and Spiritual Warfare ===

Some religious activists interpreted the dispute over the presidential election through concepts of prophecy and spiritual warfare.

Within this framework, political events were sometimes described not merely as disputes between parties or candidates but as manifestations of a larger struggle between divine and evil forces. Prayer and political activism could therefore be understood as interconnected forms of participation in a spiritual conflict.

Later reporting on political networks associated with Michael Flynn documented similar rhetoric. Investigations described gatherings in which election claims, Christian-nationalist ideas, conspiracy narratives, and language of spiritual conflict increasingly overlapped.

These themes did not represent all Christians who participated in political activity surrounding the election. Rather, they describe particular religious-political networks documented in the sources.

=== Election Claims and Religious Rhetoric ===

Religious rhetoric also became intertwined with efforts to challenge the 2020 presidential election result.

Before January 6, some activists prayed for an extraordinary reversal of Donald Trump's defeat. Religious music and familiar Christian cultural references were also adapted to election-related messaging. One example discussed in the source material involved a Christmas carol being rewritten as political commentary about Joe Biden and disputed election claims.

Reports from January 5 described participants invoking the biblical story of Jericho while gathering around the Capitol and combining Trump signs with Christian worship and prayer.

Some participants subsequently said or suggested that their actions were motivated not only by political loyalty but by beliefs about divine purpose, prophecy, or religious obligation.

=== Christian Nationalism and January 6 ===

A number of scholars and commentators in the source collection analyze January 6 through the concept of Christian nationalism.

Christian nationalism generally refers to political ideas that closely associate national identity, political authority, and Christianity. The exact definition remains debated, and researchers distinguish the concept from Christianity itself, ordinary religious political participation, and patriotism.

Writers examining January 6 have pointed to combinations of crosses, "Jesus Saves" signs, Trump flags, prayer, nationalist imagery, and claims that the United States must be restored to a particular Christian identity.

Other commentators emphasize the importance of distinguishing among different religious and political motivations. The presence of Christian imagery does not by itself establish that every participant subscribed to Christian nationalism, and religious participation in American politics encompasses a wide range of beliefs.

The January 6 material therefore provides evidence of Christian-nationalist rhetoric and symbolism among some participants without demonstrating a single religious ideology shared by the entire crowd.

=== Religious Grievance and "Taking Back America" ===

Some analyses connect the religious rhetoric surrounding January 6 to longstanding narratives of cultural displacement and religious grievance.

These narratives sometimes portray conservative Christians as losing their traditional position within American society and political culture. Political mobilization can consequently be framed as an effort to "take back America" or restore a supposedly lost religious national identity.

Scholars in the collected material connect these themes to perceptions of persecution, demographic and cultural change, and disputes over the relationship between Christianity and American identity.

One analysis examines prayer conducted by participants inside the Senate chamber and places it within a larger history of claims that Christians are responsible for reclaiming American political institutions.

=== Civil Religion and National Identity ===

The events also raise questions about American civil religion.

Civil religion refers broadly to the use of religious language, symbols, rituals, and ideas in connection with national identity and public life. American political culture has long included references to God, providence, sacrifice, national destiny, and biblical imagery.

Some sources distinguish civil-religious traditions that emphasize shared civic ideals and reconciliation from forms of religious nationalism that closely identify the nation with a particular religious or ethnocultural identity.

The appearance of Christian hymns, American flags, biblical language, patriotic symbols, and political slogans on January 6 illustrates how difficult these categories can sometimes be to separate in practice.

=== Religious Freedom and Constitutional Government ===

Legal and theological commentators also considered whether religious conviction could justify actions aimed at disrupting constitutional political processes.

One source explicitly distinguishes lawful religious expression from attempts to use religious belief as justification for interfering with constitutional government or overturning an election result.

Other writers considered the relationship between Christian political engagement and democratic institutions. Their discussions emphasize that Christianity, religious liberty, patriotism, political conservatism, and Christian nationalism are not interchangeable concepts.

These distinctions are important when evaluating the religious symbolism of January 6 because identical Christian symbols may be used by people with substantially different theological and political beliefs.

=== Diversity Within the Religious Presence ===

The source material demonstrates that there was no single uniform religious presence surrounding January 6.

The documented religious activity included evangelical conversion language, Catholic devotional images, charismatic worship practices, biblical prophecy, shofar use, hymns, civil-religious imagery, Jericho March activism, and Christian-nationalist rhetoric.

Participants also appear to have differed in their goals and interpretations. For some, religious activity may have consisted primarily of prayer or evangelism. Others explicitly combined religious language with efforts to contest the election outcome. Still others participated in movements that interpreted political events through prophecy or spiritual warfare.

This diversity makes it important to distinguish between the existence of Christian symbols in the crowd and broader claims about the religious or political beliefs of every participant.

=== Historical and Scholarly Interpretation ===

Research after January 6 has increasingly examined the networks and religious ideas that preceded and followed the Capitol attack.

Scholars have investigated the New Apostolic Reformation, charismatic Christianity, Messianic Jewish influences, prophetic movements, Christian nationalism, and spiritual-warfare theology. Journalistic investigations have traced networks of political activists who continued to combine election claims, Christianity, conspiracy narratives, and national politics after January 6.

Other scholars approach the events through constitutional law, sociology, American religious history, theology, and civil religion.

Together, these approaches suggest that the religious dimensions of January 6 cannot be understood solely by cataloging individual signs or prayers. They also require examining the organizations, narratives, theological ideas, political networks, and historical traditions that gave those symbols meaning.

=== Conclusion ===

Christian symbols and rhetoric formed a visible part of the events surrounding January 6, 2021. Archival evidence documents crosses, images of Jesus and Mary, evangelical signs, worship music, hymns, shofars, biblical quotations, prayer, and Jericho March imagery alongside American flags, Trump banners, and election-related political messages.

The source material also shows that these symbols represented several distinct religious traditions and political interpretations. Evangelical, Catholic, charismatic, prophetic, and civil-religious elements all appeared, while some activists explicitly connected Christian belief to efforts to challenge the presidential election result.

Subsequent scholarship and journalism have examined these developments through frameworks including Christian nationalism, spiritual warfare, prophecy, civil religion, religious grievance, and political polarization. At the same time, the sources caution against treating Christianity, conservative political participation, patriotism, and Christian nationalism as synonymous.

January 6 therefore represents an important case study in the interaction of religion, national identity, partisan politics, political symbolism, and contested understandings of American democracy.

**TOC**

== Later Scholarship and Investigative Reporting on Prophecy, Spiritual Warfare, and Christian-Nationalist Networks ==

=====1. New Apostolic Reformation: The Messianic Judaism Interface and the Capitol Insurrection=====
[New Apostolic Reformation: The Messianic Judaism Interface and the Capitol Insurrection | Matthew D. Taylor | Nova Religio | November 2024]
Studies New Apostolic Reformation networks, Messianic Jewish influences, prophecy, shofars, spiritual warfare, and religious activism associated with the movement leading into January 6.

=====2. Takeaways from the AP/FRONTLINE Michael Flynn investigation=====
[Takeaways from the AP/FRONTLINE Michael Flynn investigation | Michelle R. Smith | FRONTLINE | September 7, 2022]
Summarizes reporting on Flynn's Christian-nationalist political network, including rhetoric describing American politics as a conflict between divine good and evil.

=====3. A Glimpse Inside Michael Flynn’s Holy War=====
[A Glimpse Inside Michael Flynn’s Holy War | FRONTLINE / Associated Press | 2022]
Examines Flynn's post-election activism and the framing of American politics as spiritual warfare, connecting that rhetoric to Stop the Steal and the religious atmosphere surrounding January 6.

=====4. Michael Flynn calls for ‘one religion’ at event that is a who’s who of the new Christian right=====
[Michael Flynn calls for ‘one religion’ at event that is a who’s who of the new Christian right | Bob Smietana | The Washington Post | November 19, 2021]
Reports on the post-January 6 ReAwaken America movement, where spiritual-warfare language, election claims, Christian nationalism, conspiracy narratives, and partisan politics increasingly overlapped.

=====5. Revisiting Jericho=====
[Revisiting Jericho | Rachel Havrelock | University of Chicago Divinity School | March 4, 2021]
Analyzes the biblical story of Jericho and considers how the ancient conquest narrative was reinterpreted by political activists surrounding the 2020 election and January 6.

== Early Religious and Theological Interpretations of January 6 ==

=====6. Some Capitol rioters believed they answered God’s call, not just Trump’s=====
[Some Capitol rioters believed they answered God’s call, not just Trump’s | Peter Manseau | The Washington Post | February 11, 2021]
Traces religious rhetoric before the election and argues that some participants understood January 6 through claims of divine purpose, prophecy, biblical language, and spiritual obligation.

=====7. The Dispossessed? Lived History and White Christian Nationalism=====
[The Dispossessed? Lived History and White Christian Nationalism | Lauren R. Kerby | Georgetown University Berkley Center | February 3, 2021]
Connects January 6 to longstanding rhetoric about Christians needing to "take back America" and analyzes the prayer conducted by participants inside the Senate chamber.

=====8. What Is Christian Nationalism?=====
[What Is Christian Nationalism? | Paul D. Miller | Christianity Today | February 3, 2021]
Defines Christian nationalism and distinguishes it from Christianity, patriotism, and ordinary political participation, explicitly addressing the Christian signs and slogans visible on January 6.

=====9. White Christian Nationalism: The Deep Story Behind the Capitol Insurrection=====
[White Christian Nationalism: The Deep Story Behind the Capitol Insurrection | Philip Gorski | Georgetown University Berkley Center | January 22, 2021]
Interprets the juxtaposition of a giant cross, "Jesus Saves" banners, Trump flags, Confederate imagery, and Proud Boys prayer as manifestations of a broader political narrative.

=====10. Civil Religion vs. White Nationalism: Which Role for Christianity in American Politics?=====
[Civil Religion vs. White Nationalism: Which Role for Christianity in American Politics? | Tobias Cremer | Georgetown University Berkley Center | January 22, 2021]
Contrasts religious language directed toward civic reconciliation with religious-nationalist rhetoric and asks what forms Christian engagement in democratic politics can take.

=====11. Not an Act of Religious Freedom=====
[Not an Act of Religious Freedom | Patrick Hornbeck | Canopy Forum | January 15, 2021]
Distinguishes lawful religious expression from attempts to use religious conviction as justification for disrupting constitutional government and overturning an election result.

=====12. Whither Dialogue After the Capitol Riot?=====
[Whither Dialogue After the Capitol Riot? | Amy Uelmen | Canopy Forum | January 13, 2021]
Notes "Jesus 2020," "Jesus Saves," "Make America Godly Again," and similar messages while considering how religious communities might respond to extreme polarization after January 6.

=====13. For insurrectionists, a violent faith brewed from nationalism, conspiracies and Jesus=====
[For insurrectionists, a violent faith brewed from nationalism, conspiracies and Jesus | Jack Jenkins | Religion News Service | January 12, 2021]
Investigates prayer among the Proud Boys, "Proud American Christian" imagery, Christian flags, and the mixture of evangelical language, conspiracy theories, nationalism, and militant political rhetoric.

=====14. White Christian Nationalism at the Capitol=====
[White Christian Nationalism at the Capitol | Caroline Mala Corbin | Canopy Forum | January 12, 2021]
Analyzes the Christian imagery of January 6 through constitutional and religious-freedom concerns and places the attack within a longer history of white Christian nationalism.

=====15. Trump, Insurgency, and Religious Grievance=====
[Trump, Insurgency, and Religious Grievance | Steven K. Green | Canopy Forum | January 12, 2021]
Examines religious grievance and political identity around the Capitol attack, emphasizing how narratives of cultural displacement and persecution can shape religious-political mobilization.

== Primary and Archival Documentation: Religious Signs, Images, and Political Iconography ==

=====16. Jesus is King Sign=====
[Jesus is King Sign | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents a sign stating, “No matter who is president Jesus is king,” illustrating explicitly Christian messaging among people gathered in Washington on January 6.

=====17. Trump Train and Jericho Cross=====
[Trump Train and Jericho Cross | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents the visual juxtaposition of a Trump banner and the large Jericho March cross, illustrating the blending of partisan and biblical imagery.

=====18. God Guns Trump Hat=====
[God Guns Trump Hat | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Records a hat combining the words “God,” “Guns,” and “Trump” with a cross, an example of religious, political, and gun-rights symbolism appearing together.

=====19. MAGA Jesus=====
[MAGA Jesus | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents a poster depicting Jesus wearing a MAGA hat amid Trump and QAnon imagery, providing a particularly direct visual fusion of religious and partisan identities.

=====20. Chinese Americans Fight for Trump=====
[Chinese Americans Fight for Trump | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Preserves video of demonstrators displaying a banner quoting Proverbs 14:34 alongside anti-communist and pro-Trump signs.

=====21. Ye Must Be Born Again Sign=====
[Ye Must Be Born Again Sign | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents evangelical conversion language appearing among the many political and religious signs carried in Washington.

=====22. Infant of Prague Close Up=====
[Infant of Prague Close Up | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Records Catholic devotional iconography displayed in the crowd, demonstrating that the religious symbolism was not exclusively evangelical Protestant.

=====23. Faith, Family, Freedom, Gallows=====
[Faith, Family, Freedom, Gallows | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Shows a participant wearing “Faith, Family, Freedom” clothing near the gallows erected outside the Capitol, juxtaposing religious-family rhetoric with one of the day's most controversial symbols.

=====24. An Appeal to Heaven, A Cry for Justice=====
[An Appeal to Heaven, A Cry for Justice | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents religious-political language associated with the “Appeal to Heaven” tradition and broader claims that the political dispute required divine intervention.

=====25. Images of Jesus and Virgin Mary=====
[Images of Jesus and Virgin Mary | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Preserves images of Jesus and Mary carried in the Capitol crowd, providing evidence of Catholic as well as evangelical visual traditions.

== Primary and Archival Documentation: Worship, Music, Shofars, and Devotional Activity ==

=====26. Shofar Blast=====
[Shofar Blast | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Preserves video of a shofar being blown near the Capitol and explains how some charismatic Christians adopted the Jewish ritual horn as a symbol of spiritual warfare and biblical battle.

=====27. A Crowd of Worship Singers=====
[A Crowd of Worship Singers | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Shows participants collectively singing Christian worship music near the Capitol during the events of January 6.

=====28. Peace in the Name of Jesus=====
[Peace in the Name of Jesus | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents a woman singing and invoking Jesus outside the Capitol, illustrating the variety of devotional activity occurring amid the political demonstration.

=====29. Only Jesus Saves=====
[Only Jesus Saves | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Records a participant repeatedly singing “Jesus Saves,” one example of overtly evangelical language within the Capitol crowd.

=====30. Jericho Marchers=====
[Jericho Marchers | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents Jericho March participants carrying Trump imagery while singing “How Great Is Our God,” linking election activism to biblical and worship traditions.

=====31. Jericho Marchers Blow Smoke Out of Shofars=====
[Jericho Marchers Blow Smoke Out of Shofars | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Preserves images of participants using shofars in a highly theatrical form of biblical symbolism associated with the Jericho March.

=====32. Jericho Marchers Blow Shofars While Draped in American Flag=====
[Jericho Marchers Blow Shofars While Draped in American Flag | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Captures the merging of the American flag with shofar ritual, visually combining patriotism, biblical symbolism, and election protest.

=====33. Revelation Song=====
[Revelation Song | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Records participants singing the contemporary Christian worship song “Revelation Song” outside the Capitol.

=====34. Amazing Grace=====
[Amazing Grace | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Preserves video of people singing the traditional Christian hymn “Amazing Grace” amid the larger January 6 gathering.

=====35. Battle Hymn of the Republic Sung by Children=====
[Battle Hymn of the Republic Sung by Children | Uncivil Religion Project | University of Alabama / Smithsonian National Museum of American History | January 6, 2021]
Documents children carrying Trump flags and singing the “Battle Hymn of the Republic,” a song long associated with American civil religion and wartime biblical imagery.

== Pre-January 6 Jericho March and Election-Prayer Mobilization ==

=====36. Jericho March Returns to DC to Pray for a Trump Miracle=====
[Jericho March Returns to DC to Pray for a Trump Miracle | Bob Smietana | Christianity Today / Religion News Service | January 5, 2021]
Reports on Christians gathering before the electoral certification to pray for an extraordinary reversal of Trump's defeat, linking biblical Jericho imagery with the election dispute.

=====37. As ‘Jericho Marchers’ descend on Washington, local faith leaders brace for attacks=====
[As ‘Jericho Marchers’ descend on Washington, local faith leaders brace for attacks | Jack Jenkins | Religion News Service | January 5, 2021]
Describes participants circling the Capitol, singing Christian worship music, invoking the biblical battle of Jericho, and combining Trump signs with religious rituals immediately before January 6.

=====38. Ecumenical Pro-Trump Cult of Personality Brings Extremism to National Mall=====
[Ecumenical Pro-Trump Cult of Personality Brings Extremism to National Mall | Peter Montgomery | Right Wing Watch | December 14, 2020]
Documents the December Jericho March and associated religious-political speakers, providing background for many themes, organizations, and rhetorical frames that reappeared around January 6.

=====39. ‘Let the Church ROAR!’ Prayer Rally Comes to DC for Jericho March to ‘Stop the Steal’=====
[‘Let the Church ROAR!’ Prayer Rally Comes to DC for Jericho March to ‘Stop the Steal’ | Andrea Morris | CBN News | December 12, 2020]
Contemporary coverage of the pre-January 6 Jericho March showing how prayer, election-fraud claims, biblical rhetoric, clergy, and prominent Trump allies were combined at Washington rallies.

=====40. ‘Biden Did You Know?’: Metaxas turns Christmas carol into conspiracy parody=====
[‘Biden Did You Know?’: Metaxas turns Christmas carol into conspiracy parody | Bob Smietana | Religion News Service | December 2020]
Examines Christian conservative rhetoric challenging the presidential election results and illustrates how religious music and Christian cultural language were incorporated into election-denial messaging.

Christian Symbols and Rhetoric on January 6 - Revision history