ER Midwest / Great Lakes - Revision history

Kirk at 16:40, 30 May 2026

2026-05-30T16:40:35Z

Kirk: Kirk moved page Midwest / Great Lakes to ER Midwest / Great Lakes

2026-05-30T15:59:55Z

Kirk moved page Midwest / Great Lakes to ER Midwest / Great Lakes

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:59, 30 May 2026
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Kirk: Created page with " =====HUD Accuses City of Chicago of Environmental Racism by Moving Polluters to Black, Latino Neighborhoods===== [https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/7/19/23270084/hud-civil-rights-general-iron-polluters-black-latino-neighborhoods-lightfoot | Brett Chase | Chicago Sun-Times | July 19, 2022] This article reports on federal civil-rights findings related to Chicagoâ€™s handling of polluting industries, including allegations that polluting activities were shifted away f..."

2026-05-30T15:46:31Z

Created page with " =====HUD Accuses City of Chicago of Environmental Racism by Moving Polluters to Black, Latino Neighborhoods===== [https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/7/19/23270084/hud-civil-rights-general-iron-polluters-black-latino-neighborhoods-lightfoot | Brett Chase | Chicago Sun-Times | July 19, 2022] This article reports on federal civil-rights findings related to Chicagoâ€™s handling of polluting industries, including allegations that polluting activities were shifted away f..."

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=====HUD Accuses City of Chicago of Environmental Racism by Moving Polluters to Black, Latino Neighborhoods=====
[https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/7/19/23270084/hud-civil-rights-general-iron-polluters-black-latino-neighborhoods-lightfoot | Brett Chase | Chicago Sun-Times | July 19, 2022]
This article reports on federal civil-rights findings related to Chicagoâ€™s handling of polluting industries, including allegations that polluting activities were shifted away from white neighborhoods and toward Black and Latino communities.

=====A Sacrifice Zone: Why Did a Chicago Community of Color Get Picked for an Industrial Facility?=====
[https://www.injusticewatch.org/archive/2021/epa-investigation-southeast-side-chicago-scrapyard/ | MarÃa InÃ©s Zamudio | Injustice Watch | January 28, 2021]
This article covers an EPA civil-rights investigation into the relocation of a scrapyard to Southeast Chicago, where residents and advocates argued that Latino and Black communities were being burdened with polluting industrial activity.

=====Which Came First, People or Pollution? Assessing the Disparate Siting and Post-Siting Demographic Change Hypotheses of Environmental Injustice=====
[https://record.umich.edu/articles/minority-low-income-neighborhoods-targeted-hazardous-waste/ | University of Michigan | University of Michigan Record | January 20, 2016]
This article summarizes research by Paul Mohai and Robin Saha finding that hazardous waste facilities were more likely to be placed in neighborhoods already containing higher concentrations of minority and low-income residents. The research challenges arguments that communities of color merely moved near existing polluters.

=====Smells Like Environmental Racism=====
[https://inthesetimes.com/article/detroit-recycle-trash-burn-waste-michigan-environmental-council | Valerie Vande Panne | In These Times | October 25, 2017]
This article examines Detroitâ€™s trash incinerator and the surrounding neighborhoods affected by odor and air pollution. It reports that nearly 90 percent of those living within a mile of the incinerator were people of color, making the facility a strong example of environmental racism in urban waste infrastructure.

=====The Blackest City in the US Is Facing an Environmental Justice Nightmare=====
[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jan/09/the-blackest-city-in-the-is-us-facing-an-environmental-justice-nightmare | Drew Costley | The Guardian | January 9, 2020]
This article examines Detroitâ€™s environmental justice crisis, including toxic air, lead exposure, water shutoffs, and industrial pollution. It highlights the 48217 ZIP code, a majority-Black area near Marathonâ€™s refinery and other industrial sources, as an example of how segregation and pollution intersect.

=====Environmental Activists Claim Victory After Detroit Incinerator Closes=====
[https://truthout.org/articles/environmental-activists-claim-victory-after-detroit-incinerator-closes/ | Kianga Moore | Truthout | July 13, 2019]
This article reports on the closure of Detroitâ€™s controversial trash incinerator after years of community organizing. It frames the shutdown as a victory for environmental justice advocates who had long argued that the incinerator harmed nearby low-income and predominantly Black communities.

=====The Mother of Environmental Justice=====
[https://q.sustainability.illinois.edu/hazel-johnson-and-the-toxic-doughnut/ | Q Magazine | University of Illinois | May 23, 2018]
This article profiles Hazel Johnson of Altgeld Gardens, Chicago, often called the mother of environmental justice. It describes the â€œToxic Doughnutâ€� of landfills, industrial sites, and contaminated areas surrounding a Black public-housing community.

=====What a Gutted EPA Could Mean for Chicagoâ€™s â€œToxic Doughnutâ€�=====
[https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-gutted-epa-could-mean-chicagos-toxic-doughnut | NRDC | Natural Resources Defense Council | April 17, 2017]
This article discusses Altgeld Gardens on Chicagoâ€™s South Side, a Black community surrounded by toxic sites and industrial pollution. It explains how the neighborhood became a major example of environmental racism and why federal enforcement matters for communities facing cumulative pollution.

=====Chicagoâ€™s Toxic Doughnut, USA=====
[https://ejatlas.org/conflict/chicagos-toxic-doughnut-usa | Environmental Justice Atlas | EJAtlas | No date listed]
This case profile describes Chicagoâ€™s â€œToxic Doughnutâ€� around Altgeld Gardens as an early environmental justice struggle. It documents community-led research and organizing against hazardous waste, contaminated land, and industrial pollution in a predominantly Black community.

=====Community Spotlight: Altgeld Gardens=====
[https://blog.nwf.org/2024/11/community-spotlight-altgeld-gardens/ | Nishant Shah | National Wildlife Federation | November 8, 2024]
This article discusses Altgeld Gardens as a Chicago neighborhood shaped by toxic industry, environmental injustice, and the legacy of Hazel Johnsonâ€™s organizing. It is useful for documenting how community groups continue to address the long-term harms of pollution in a Black neighborhood.

=====Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks Among Residents in the â€œToxic Doughnutâ€�=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4676177/ | Brandi M. White et al. | Journal of Community Health | 2015]
This peer-reviewed article examines residentsâ€™ perceptions of environmental health risks near Chicagoâ€™s Altgeld Gardens and surrounding industrial hazards. It is useful for documenting community experiences in one of the best-known environmental justice neighborhoods in the United States.

=====U.S. Jails Are Frontline Environmental Justice Communities=====
[https://grist.org/equity/toxic-jails-environmental-justice-los-angeles-new-york-chicago/ | Yessenia Funes | Grist | April 15, 2021]
This article examines jails as environmental justice sites because incarceration facilities are often located near pollution sources or contribute to local environmental burdens. It is useful for connecting environmental racism, policing, incarceration, and exposure of mostly Black and Latino incarcerated people.

=====Wealthy Residents of Chicago May Live 30 Years Longer Than Poorer Ones. Can a New Mayor Help Close the Gap?=====
[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/19/chicago-environmental-racism | Aliya Uteuova | The Guardian | May 20, 2024]
This article examines Chicagoâ€™s environmental racism and health inequality. It discusses how communities of color face disproportionate climate and pollution risks and how city leadership has been pressured to address these long-standing burdens.

=====After a Hard Year for Environmental Justice, Chicago Groups Try to Rebuild=====
[https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27122025/chicago-environmental-justice-grant-cuts/ | Inside Climate News | Inside Climate News | December 27, 2025]
This article discusses Chicago environmental justice groups after federal grant cuts and policy rollbacks. It is useful for documenting continuing organizing in neighborhoods burdened by pollution and environmental racism.

=====Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States=====
[https://www.csu.edu/cerc/documents/EnvironmentandMorality-ConfrontingEnvironmentalRacismInTheUnitedStates-Bullard2004.pdf | Robert D. Bullard | United Nations Research Institute for Social Development / Chicago State University copy | 2004]
This article explains how environmental decision-making reflects power inequalities and often disadvantages people of color while benefiting corporations and wealthier communities. It is useful as a broad theoretical source on environmental racism and polluter siting.

=====Approaching Coal-Fired Power Plants and Renewable Energy Through an Environmental Justice Lens=====
[https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjeel/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2021/08/FINAL_v10i2-2020-2021-1-Frischkorn.pdf | Nicholas Frischkorn | Chicago-Kent Journal of Environmental and Energy Law | 2021]
This law review article connects coal-fired power plant pollution to environmental racism and energy injustice. It discusses communities such as Detroitâ€™s 48217 ZIP code, where Black residents face heavy fossil-fuel pollution burdens.

=====Remedies for Environmental Racism: A View from the Field=====
[https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2339&context=mlr | Luke W. Cole | Michigan Law Review | 1992]
This law review article discusses legal strategies for communities fighting environmental racism. It is useful as an early source showing how communities of color challenged toxic siting and unequal environmental protection in court and through organizing.

=====Black, Brown, Poor & Poisoned: Minority Grassroots Environmentalism and the Quest for Eco-Justice=====
[https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8527&context=journal_articles | Michael H. Schill and others | University of Chicago Law Review copy | 1991]
This older article discusses grassroots environmental justice organizing among minority and poor communities. It is useful for documenting early recognition that pollution, poverty, race, and toxic siting were intertwined.

=====5 Things to Know About Communities of Color and Environmental Justice=====
[https://www.americanprogress.org/article/5-things-to-know-about-communities-of-color-and-environmental-justice/ | Cathleen Kelly and Tracey Ross | Center for American Progress | April 25, 2016]
This article provides an overview of environmental justice issues affecting communities of color, including Flint water contamination, air pollution, toxic exposure, and climate vulnerability. It is useful as a broad policy-oriented summary.

=====In East Chicago, Knowing Your Soil Is Toxic Is Only Half the Battle=====
[https://www.nrdc.org/stories/east-chicago-knowing-your-soil-toxic-only-half-battle
| Sasha Lyutse | Natural Resources Defense Council | May 23, 2017]
This article examines lead and arsenic contamination in East Chicago, Indiana, including the West Calumet Housing Complex. It is useful for documenting how residents of a low-income community of color discovered they had been living on toxic soil.

=====HUD Knowingly Poisoned Our Children. This Can Never Happen Again.=====
[https://earthjustice.org/article/superfund-public-housing-lead-poisoning-children | Earthjustice | Earthjustice | April 6, 2021]
This article focuses on former West Calumet residents in East Chicago, where public housing was built on contaminated land. It is useful for documenting how federal housing policy and toxic contamination combined to harm low-income Black and Latino families.

=====Poisonous Homes: The Fight for Environmental Justice in Federally Assisted Housing=====
[https://www.povertylaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/environmental_justice_report_final.pdf | Shriver Center on Poverty Law and Earthjustice | Shriver Center / Earthjustice | June 2020]
This report examines federally assisted housing located near hazardous waste sites, including East Chicagoâ€™s West Calumet Housing Complex. It is useful for documenting how low-income residents and people of color can be exposed to toxic contamination through housing policy.

=====Blood, Lead & Soil: A Year in East Chicago=====
[https://ipbs.org/projects/ec-oneyear/ | Indiana Public Broadcasting Stations | IPBS | July 26, 2017]
This multimedia project documents the East Chicago lead and arsenic contamination crisis. It is useful for showing how residents experienced toxic soil, relocation, public-health fears, and environmental justice failures.

=====On Poisoned Ground=====
[https://thebaffler.com/salvos/on-poisoned-ground-burns | Rebecca Burns | The Baffler | 2017]
This article examines the East Chicago contamination crisis and the displacement of West Calumet residents. It is useful for documenting how toxic contamination, public housing, race, and government neglect converged in a major environmental justice case.

=====Marathon Petroleum and Southwest Detroit: The Challenge of Environmental Justice=====
[https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=64527 | Harvard Business School | Harvard Business School | 2023]
This case study examines the Marathon Petroleum refinery in Southwest Detroit and the environmental justice issues surrounding it. It is useful for documenting refinery pollution in a largely Black and Latino neighborhood.

=====Mapping Environmental Justice and Uplifting Community Survival in Southwest Detroit=====
[https://seas.umich.edu/stewards/spring-2023/mapping-environmental-justice-and-uplifting-community-survival-southwest | Lori Atherton | University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability | July 11, 2023]
This article discusses Southwest Detroitâ€™s 48217 community, often described as Michiganâ€™s most polluted ZIP code. It is useful for documenting how Black and Latino residents have faced decades of refinery, industry, and traffic pollution.

=====We Fight So Many Battles=====
[https://www.planning.org/planning/2020/oct/we-fight-so-many-battles/ | Lisa Berglund | American Planning Association | October 2020]
This article examines a Detroit neighborhood shaped by a century of land-use decisions that prioritized industry over public health. It is useful for documenting how zoning, refineries, heavy industry, and race produced long-term environmental injustice.

=====Toxic Cities: Neoliberalism and Environmental Racism in Flint and Detroit Michigan=====
[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0896920517708339 | Terressa A. Benz | Critical Sociology | 2019]
This scholarly article examines environmental racism in Flint and Detroit, including the Marathon refinery in Detroit. It is useful for connecting lead contamination, refinery pollution, race, and policy choices in Michigan.

=====Marathon Petroleum Company to Reduce Air Pollution at Detroit Refinery=====
[https://www.epa.gov/archive/epa/newsreleases/marathon-petroleum-company-reduce-air-pollution-detroit-refinery.html | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | June 9, 2016]
This EPA release describes a settlement requiring Marathon Petroleum to reduce air pollution at its Detroit refinery. It is useful for documenting official recognition of refinery emissions at the fence line of a heavily burdened Detroit community.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 30 May 2026
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	=====HUD Accuses City of Chicago of Environmental Racism by Moving Polluters to Black, Latino Neighborhoods=====		=====HUD Accuses City of Chicago of Environmental Racism by Moving Polluters to Black, Latino Neighborhoods=====
	[https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/7/19/23270084/hud-civil-rights-general-iron-polluters-black-latino-neighborhoods-lightfoot \| Brett Chase \| Chicago Sun-Times \| July 19, 2022]		[https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/7/19/23270084/hud-civil-rights-general-iron-polluters-black-latino-neighborhoods-lightfoot \| Brett Chase \| Chicago Sun-Times \| July 19, 2022]
	This article reports on federal civil-rights findings related to ~~Chicagoâ€™s~~ handling of polluting industries, including allegations that polluting activities were shifted away from white neighborhoods and toward Black and Latino communities.		This article reports on federal civil-rights findings related to Chicago's handling of polluting industries, including allegations that polluting activities were shifted away from white neighborhoods and toward Black and Latino communities.

	=====A Sacrifice Zone: Why Did a Chicago Community of Color Get Picked for an Industrial Facility?=====		=====A Sacrifice Zone: Why Did a Chicago Community of Color Get Picked for an Industrial Facility?=====
	[https://www.injusticewatch.org/archive/2021/epa-investigation-southeast-side-chicago-scrapyard/ \| ~~MarÃa InÃ©s~~ Zamudio \| Injustice Watch \| January 28, 2021]		[https://www.injusticewatch.org/archive/2021/epa-investigation-southeast-side-chicago-scrapyard/ \| María Inés Zamudio \| Injustice Watch \| January 28, 2021]
	This article covers an EPA civil-rights investigation into the relocation of a scrapyard to Southeast Chicago, where residents and advocates argued that Latino and Black communities were being burdened with polluting industrial activity.		This article covers an EPA civil-rights investigation into the relocation of a scrapyard to Southeast Chicago, where residents and advocates argued that Latino and Black communities were being burdened with polluting industrial activity.

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	=====Smells Like Environmental Racism=====		=====Smells Like Environmental Racism=====
	[https://inthesetimes.com/article/detroit-recycle-trash-burn-waste-michigan-environmental-council \| Valerie Vande Panne \| In These Times \| October 25, 2017]		[https://inthesetimes.com/article/detroit-recycle-trash-burn-waste-michigan-environmental-council \| Valerie Vande Panne \| In These Times \| October 25, 2017]
	This article examines ~~Detroitâ€™s~~ trash incinerator and the surrounding neighborhoods affected by odor and air pollution. It reports that nearly 90 percent of those living within a mile of the incinerator were people of color, making the facility a strong example of environmental racism in urban waste infrastructure.		This article examines Detroit's trash incinerator and the surrounding neighborhoods affected by odor and air pollution. It reports that nearly 90 percent of those living within a mile of the incinerator were people of color, making the facility a strong example of environmental racism in urban waste infrastructure.

	=====The Blackest City in the US Is Facing an Environmental Justice Nightmare=====		=====The Blackest City in the US Is Facing an Environmental Justice Nightmare=====
	[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jan/09/the-blackest-city-in-the-is-us-facing-an-environmental-justice-nightmare \| Drew Costley \| The Guardian \| January 9, 2020]		[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jan/09/the-blackest-city-in-the-is-us-facing-an-environmental-justice-nightmare \| Drew Costley \| The Guardian \| January 9, 2020]
	This article examines ~~Detroitâ€™s~~ environmental justice crisis, including toxic air, lead exposure, water shutoffs, and industrial pollution. It highlights the 48217 ZIP code, a majority-Black area near ~~Marathonâ€™s~~ refinery and other industrial sources, as an example of how segregation and pollution intersect.		This article examines Detroit's environmental justice crisis, including toxic air, lead exposure, water shutoffs, and industrial pollution. It highlights the 48217 ZIP code, a majority-Black area near Marathon's refinery and other industrial sources, as an example of how segregation and pollution intersect.

	=====Environmental Activists Claim Victory After Detroit Incinerator Closes=====		=====Environmental Activists Claim Victory After Detroit Incinerator Closes=====
	[https://truthout.org/articles/environmental-activists-claim-victory-after-detroit-incinerator-closes/ \| Kianga Moore \| Truthout \| July 13, 2019]		[https://truthout.org/articles/environmental-activists-claim-victory-after-detroit-incinerator-closes/ \| Kianga Moore \| Truthout \| July 13, 2019]
	This article reports on the closure of ~~Detroitâ€™s~~ controversial trash incinerator after years of community organizing. It frames the shutdown as a victory for environmental justice advocates who had long argued that the incinerator harmed nearby low-income and predominantly Black communities.		This article reports on the closure of Detroit's controversial trash incinerator after years of community organizing. It frames the shutdown as a victory for environmental justice advocates who had long argued that the incinerator harmed nearby low-income and predominantly Black communities.

	=====The Mother of Environmental Justice=====		=====The Mother of Environmental Justice=====
	[https://q.sustainability.illinois.edu/hazel-johnson-and-the-toxic-doughnut/ \| Q Magazine \| University of Illinois \| May 23, 2018]		[https://q.sustainability.illinois.edu/hazel-johnson-and-the-toxic-doughnut/ \| Q Magazine \| University of Illinois \| May 23, 2018]
	This article profiles Hazel Johnson of Altgeld Gardens, Chicago, often called the mother of environmental justice. It describes the ~~â€œToxic Doughnutâ€�~~ of landfills, industrial sites, and contaminated areas surrounding a Black public-housing community.		This article profiles Hazel Johnson of Altgeld Gardens, Chicago, often called the mother of environmental justice. It describes the 'Toxic Doughnut' of landfills, industrial sites, and contaminated areas surrounding a Black public-housing community.

	=====What a Gutted EPA Could Mean for ~~Chicagoâ€™s â€œToxic Doughnutâ€�~~=====		=====What a Gutted EPA Could Mean for Chicago's 'Toxic Doughnut'=====
	[https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-gutted-epa-could-mean-chicagos-toxic-doughnut \| NRDC \| Natural Resources Defense Council \| April 17, 2017]		[https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-gutted-epa-could-mean-chicagos-toxic-doughnut \| NRDC \| Natural Resources Defense Council \| April 17, 2017]
	This article discusses Altgeld Gardens on ~~Chicagoâ€™s~~ South Side, a Black community surrounded by toxic sites and industrial pollution. It explains how the neighborhood became a major example of environmental racism and why federal enforcement matters for communities facing cumulative pollution.		This article discusses Altgeld Gardens on Chicago's South Side, a Black community surrounded by toxic sites and industrial pollution. It explains how the neighborhood became a major example of environmental racism and why federal enforcement matters for communities facing cumulative pollution.

	=====~~Chicagoâ€™s~~ Toxic Doughnut, USA=====		=====Chicago's Toxic Doughnut, USA=====
	[https://ejatlas.org/conflict/chicagos-toxic-doughnut-usa \| Environmental Justice Atlas \| EJAtlas \| No date listed]		[https://ejatlas.org/conflict/chicagos-toxic-doughnut-usa \| Environmental Justice Atlas \| EJAtlas \| No date listed]
	This case profile describes ~~Chicagoâ€™s â€œToxic Doughnutâ€�~~ around Altgeld Gardens as an early environmental justice struggle. It documents community-led research and organizing against hazardous waste, contaminated land, and industrial pollution in a predominantly Black community.		This case profile describes Chicago's 'Toxic Doughnut' around Altgeld Gardens as an early environmental justice struggle. It documents community-led research and organizing against hazardous waste, contaminated land, and industrial pollution in a predominantly Black community.

	=====Community Spotlight: Altgeld Gardens=====		=====Community Spotlight: Altgeld Gardens=====
	[https://blog.nwf.org/2024/11/community-spotlight-altgeld-gardens/ \| Nishant Shah \| National Wildlife Federation \| November 8, 2024]		[https://blog.nwf.org/2024/11/community-spotlight-altgeld-gardens/ \| Nishant Shah \| National Wildlife Federation \| November 8, 2024]
	This article discusses Altgeld Gardens as a Chicago neighborhood shaped by toxic industry, environmental injustice, and the legacy of Hazel ~~Johnsonâ€™s~~ organizing. It is useful for documenting how community groups continue to address the long-term harms of pollution in a Black neighborhood.		This article discusses Altgeld Gardens as a Chicago neighborhood shaped by toxic industry, environmental injustice, and the legacy of Hazel Johnson's organizing. It is useful for documenting how community groups continue to address the long-term harms of pollution in a Black neighborhood.

	=====Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks Among Residents in the ~~â€œToxic Doughnutâ€�~~=====		=====Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks Among Residents in the 'Toxic Doughnut'=====
	[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4676177/ \| Brandi M. White et al. \| Journal of Community Health \| 2015]		[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4676177/ \| Brandi M. White et al. \| Journal of Community Health \| 2015]
	This peer-reviewed article examines ~~residentsâ€™~~ perceptions of environmental health risks near ~~Chicagoâ€™s~~ Altgeld Gardens and surrounding industrial hazards. It is useful for documenting community experiences in one of the best-known environmental justice neighborhoods in the United States.		This peer-reviewed article examines residents' perceptions of environmental health risks near Chicago's Altgeld Gardens and surrounding industrial hazards. It is useful for documenting community experiences in one of the best-known environmental justice neighborhoods in the United States.

	=====U.S. Jails Are Frontline Environmental Justice Communities=====		=====U.S. Jails Are Frontline Environmental Justice Communities=====
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	=====Wealthy Residents of Chicago May Live 30 Years Longer Than Poorer Ones. Can a New Mayor Help Close the Gap?=====		=====Wealthy Residents of Chicago May Live 30 Years Longer Than Poorer Ones. Can a New Mayor Help Close the Gap?=====
	[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/19/chicago-environmental-racism \| Aliya Uteuova \| The Guardian \| May 20, 2024]		[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/19/chicago-environmental-racism \| Aliya Uteuova \| The Guardian \| May 20, 2024]
	This article examines ~~Chicagoâ€™s~~ environmental racism and health inequality. It discusses how communities of color face disproportionate climate and pollution risks and how city leadership has been pressured to address these long-standing burdens.		This article examines Chicago's environmental racism and health inequality. It discusses how communities of color face disproportionate climate and pollution risks and how city leadership has been pressured to address these long-standing burdens.

	=====After a Hard Year for Environmental Justice, Chicago Groups Try to Rebuild=====		=====After a Hard Year for Environmental Justice, Chicago Groups Try to Rebuild=====
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	=====Approaching Coal-Fired Power Plants and Renewable Energy Through an Environmental Justice Lens=====		=====Approaching Coal-Fired Power Plants and Renewable Energy Through an Environmental Justice Lens=====
	[https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjeel/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2021/08/FINAL_v10i2-2020-2021-1-Frischkorn.pdf \| Nicholas Frischkorn \| Chicago-Kent Journal of Environmental and Energy Law \| 2021]		[https://studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjeel/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2021/08/FINAL_v10i2-2020-2021-1-Frischkorn.pdf \| Nicholas Frischkorn \| Chicago-Kent Journal of Environmental and Energy Law \| 2021]
	This law review article connects coal-fired power plant pollution to environmental racism and energy injustice. It discusses communities such as ~~Detroitâ€™s~~ 48217 ZIP code, where Black residents face heavy fossil-fuel pollution burdens.		This law review article connects coal-fired power plant pollution to environmental racism and energy injustice. It discusses communities such as Detroit's 48217 ZIP code, where Black residents face heavy fossil-fuel pollution burdens.

	=====Remedies for Environmental Racism: A View from the Field=====		=====Remedies for Environmental Racism: A View from the Field=====
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	=====In East Chicago, Knowing Your Soil Is Toxic Is Only Half the Battle=====		=====In East Chicago, Knowing Your Soil Is Toxic Is Only Half the Battle=====
	[https://www.nrdc.org/stories/east-chicago-knowing-your-soil-toxic-only-half-battle		[https://www.nrdc.org/stories/east-chicago-knowing-your-soil-toxic-only-half-battle \| Sasha Lyutse \| Natural Resources Defense Council \| May 23, 2017]
	\| Sasha Lyutse \| Natural Resources Defense Council \| May 23, 2017]
	This article examines lead and arsenic contamination in East Chicago, Indiana, including the West Calumet Housing Complex. It is useful for documenting how residents of a low-income community of color discovered they had been living on toxic soil.		This article examines lead and arsenic contamination in East Chicago, Indiana, including the West Calumet Housing Complex. It is useful for documenting how residents of a low-income community of color discovered they had been living on toxic soil.

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	=====Poisonous Homes: The Fight for Environmental Justice in Federally Assisted Housing=====		=====Poisonous Homes: The Fight for Environmental Justice in Federally Assisted Housing=====
	[https://www.povertylaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/environmental_justice_report_final.pdf \| Shriver Center on Poverty Law and Earthjustice \| Shriver Center / Earthjustice \| June 2020]		[https://www.povertylaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/environmental_justice_report_final.pdf \| Shriver Center on Poverty Law and Earthjustice \| Shriver Center / Earthjustice \| June 2020]
	This report examines federally assisted housing located near hazardous waste sites, including East ~~Chicagoâ€™s~~ West Calumet Housing Complex. It is useful for documenting how low-income residents and people of color can be exposed to toxic contamination through housing policy.		This report examines federally assisted housing located near hazardous waste sites, including East Chicago's West Calumet Housing Complex. It is useful for documenting how low-income residents and people of color can be exposed to toxic contamination through housing policy.

	=====Blood, Lead & Soil: A Year in East Chicago=====		=====Blood, Lead & Soil: A Year in East Chicago=====
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	=====Mapping Environmental Justice and Uplifting Community Survival in Southwest Detroit=====		=====Mapping Environmental Justice and Uplifting Community Survival in Southwest Detroit=====
	[https://seas.umich.edu/stewards/spring-2023/mapping-environmental-justice-and-uplifting-community-survival-southwest \| Lori Atherton \| University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability \| July 11, 2023]		[https://seas.umich.edu/stewards/spring-2023/mapping-environmental-justice-and-uplifting-community-survival-southwest \| Lori Atherton \| University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability \| July 11, 2023]
	This article discusses Southwest ~~Detroitâ€™s~~ 48217 community, often described as ~~Michiganâ€™s~~ most polluted ZIP code. It is useful for documenting how Black and Latino residents have faced decades of refinery, industry, and traffic pollution.		This article discusses Southwest Detroit's 48217 community, often described as Michigan's most polluted ZIP code. It is useful for documenting how Black and Latino residents have faced decades of refinery, industry, and traffic pollution.

	=====We Fight So Many Battles=====		=====We Fight So Many Battles=====