History of Agriculture: Difference between revisions

From WikiDemocracy
Jump to navigationJump to search
← Older edit

Lilly (talk | contribs)

2 user groups
9,946 edits
VisualWikitext
Lilly (talk | contribs)
staff, Administrators
9,946 edits
No edit summary
Lilly (talk | contribs)
staff, Administrators
9,946 edits
No edit summary
 
(14 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 187: Line 187:
[https://the-past.com/news/early-farming-in-east-africa/ by World Archaeology 14/9/24 THE PAST]
[https://the-past.com/news/early-farming-in-east-africa/ by World Archaeology 14/9/24 THE PAST]
  As a crossroads for various population movements throughout history, many of which included the transmission of crops, the region encompassing Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda has long been believed to have played an important role in the development of early farming. However, almost no ancient plant remains have been found here to date, severely limiting studies of the area’s early agriculture.
  As a crossroads for various population movements throughout history, many of which included the transmission of crops, the region encompassing Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda has long been believed to have played an important role in the development of early farming. However, almost no ancient plant remains have been found here to date, severely limiting studies of the area’s early agriculture.
=====16 - Early agriculture in Southeast Asia and the Pacific=====
[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-world-history/early-agriculture-in-southeast-asia-and-the-pacific/7459760B5CFBEACB5D9007F9D8F0462C by Huw Barton 5/5/15 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS]
Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and island Southeast Asia (ISEA) form a complex geographic and political region consisting of eleven countries spread from India to China and New Guinea. The best evidence currently of an early vegecultural agriculture lies in the intermontane valleys of New Guinea at the site of Kuk Swamp.
=====Ancient History of Agriculture=====
[https://www2.nau.edu/~gaud/bio301/content/aghst.htm]
Developed independently by geographically distant populations, systematic agriculture first appeared in Southwest Asia with the bulk of domesticated neolthic crops and livestock now being traced to Turkey via DNA studies. The first grains of domesticated Turkish emmer wheat are found at Abu Hurerya dated to 13,500 BP. The only exceptions to this are barley, domesticated in two sites; in Israel, and East of the Zagros mountains in Iran. The eight so-called founder crops of agriculture appear: first emmer and einkorn wheat, then hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax. Bitter vetch and lentils along with almonds and pistachios appear in Franchthi Cave Greece simultaneously, about 9,000 BC. Neither are native to Greece, and they appear 2,000 years prior to domesticated wheat in the same location. This suggests that the cultivation of legumes and nuts preceded that of grain.
=====Millets and their role in early agriculture=====
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234128682_Millets_and_their_role_in_early_agriculture by S.A. Weber 1/08 ResearchGate]
While the importance of such large grained cereal crops as wheat, corn and rice to the beginnings of agriculture are well understood, a small group of small-seeded grasses known as millets are often marginalized or ignored. When millets are incorporated into early farming models they are generally seen as a minor grain crop playing a secondary role in the agricultural strategy.
=====First evidence of farming in Mideast 23,000 years ago=====
[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150722144709.htm by American Friends of Tel Aviv University 22/7/15 ScienceDaily]
The study focuses on the discovery of the first weed species at the site of a sedentary human camp on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. It was published in PLOS ONE and led by Prof. Ehud Weiss of Bar-Ilan University in collaboration with Prof. Marcelo Sternberg of the Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants at TAU's Faculty of Life Sciences and Prof. Ofer Bar-Yosef of Harvard University, among other colleagues.
=====The ancient agricultural revolution: How early farming changed Europe’s landscape=====
[https://wilderness-society.org/the-ancient-agricultural-revolution-how-early-farming-changed-europes-landscape/ by EUROPEAN WILDERNESS SOCIETY]
=====Garden agriculture’ and the nature of early farming in Europe and the Near East=====
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00438240500094572 by Amy Bogaard 18/2/07 Taylor & Francis]
This paper takes a comparative approach to early farming, arguing that bioarchaeological work on Neolithic Europe can inform understanding of earlier cultivation and herding in the Near East, where the ‘package’ of crops and livestock emerged in the PPNB period. Evidence for intensive cultivation (‘garden agriculture’) integrated with small-scale herding is outlined for south-east and central Europe before turning to crop and caprine husbandry practices during the PPNB.
=====History of Agriculture Equipment: Important Developments and Examples=====
[https://www.tstar.com/blog/history-of-agriculture-equipment-important-developments-and-examples by  Dave Biering 1794 TriStar]
The agriculture industry has a mission to keep the world fed. From hybridizing plants and animals to engineering new arable lands using irrigation (and even land reclaiming land from the sea), farmers have never stopped looking for new methods for increasing food production. More production means more nutrition and more food variety, all while keeping food prices as low as possible. For a concise overview of the agriculture industry, please see our blog here.
=====intro to archaeology unit 10 study guides=====
[https://fiveable.me/introduction-archaeology/unit-10 by fiveable]
The shift from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural and sedentary lifestyles marked a pivotal moment in human history. This transition, known as the Neolithic Revolution, occurred independently across the globe between 10,000 and 4,000 years ago, driven by climate change, population pressure, and technological innovations. Agriculture and sedentism led to surplus food production, enabling population growth and the rise of permanent settlements. This shift sparked profound social changes, including the emergence of specialized roles, social hierarchies, and complex political structures that laid the groundwork for early civilizations.
=====American Agriculture History Minute: Ethnicity in Early Agriculture=====
[https://agnetwest.com/american-agriculture-history-minute-ethnicity-early-agriculture/ by AgNET west RADIO NETWORK 1/11/24]
Ethnicity made a difference in early American agriculture. German immigrants brought different practices and traditions to the New World than English, Scottish, or Irish farmers, for example. Each simply carried forward practices from their homeland, but with a lot more land to work with and fertile soil.
=====Early Agriculture Nearly Tanked Ancient Europe’s Population=====
[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/early-agriculture-nearly-tanked-ancient-europes-population-437796/ by Colin Schultz 2/10/13 Smithsonian magazine]
The rise of agriculture changed the world. And we don’t just mean the human world. At its onset, long before the Green Revolution paved the way for vastly improved yields, people were notoriously bad at using the land. To produce our food we used to cut down a staggering number of trees. Deforestation in the western world, driven by land clearing for farming, actually peaked hundreds or thousands of years ago. And, without things like fertilizer or irrigation, or the massive intertwined agricultural system we have today, local shocks—a fire, a drought, a flood—could cut vital food supplies for years.
=====The history of human-induced soil erosion: Geomorphic legacies, early descriptions and research, and the development of soil conservation—A global synopsis=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169555X1300370X by Markus Dotterweich 1/11/13 ScienceDirect]
This paper presents a global synopsis about the geomorphic evidence of soil erosion in humid and semihumid areas since the beginning of agriculture. Historical documents, starting from ancient records to data from the mid-twentieth century and numerous literature reviews form an extensive assortment of examples that show how soil erosion has been perceived previously by scholars, land surveyors, farmers, land owners, researchers, and policy makers.
=====History of Agriculture: A Timeline=====
[https://www.crestcapital.com/tax/history_of_agriculture by Resource Light]
Agriculture, also known as farming, is the production of food, fiber, animal feed and other goods by harvesting plants and animals. Agriculture is now practiced throughout the world and is an essential part of human civilization and its history dates back thousands of years. Here's a timeline of the history of agriculture:
=====Period 1: Domestication, Early Farming, and Widespread Impacts (10,000 BP - 4,000 BP)=====
[https://courses.ems.psu.edu/geog3/node/1139 by InTeGrate]
We will start our historical summary of environment-food systems by describing domestication and early farming (10,000 BP – 4,000 BP). Widespread environmental and social impacts occurred during this period. New agricultural ecosystems were created and spread along with the use of domesticated plants and animals. These agroecosystems contained distinctive species and populations of plants and animals including domesticates, as well as characteristic insects, mammals, soil biota, and uncultivated plants (such as weeds).
=====Early Agriculture in the Maya Lowlands=====
[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity/article/abs/early-agriculture-in-the-maya-lowlands/9D0A60F2A72D4AE6F4717269174458A0 by Mary D. Pohl 20/1/17 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS]
Wetland research in northern Belize provides the earliest evidence for development of agriculture in the Maya Lowlands. Pollen data confirm the introduction of maize and manioc before 3000 B.C. Dramatic deforestation, beginning ca. 2500 B.C. and intensifying in wetland environments ca. 1500-1300 B.C., marks an expansion of agriculture, which occurred in the context of a mixed foraging economy.
Retrieved from "https://wikidemocracy.us/wiki/History_of_Agriculture"