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[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S157495412200334X by Peter Kaňuch 12/22 ScienceDirect]
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S157495412200334X by Peter Kaňuch 12/22 ScienceDirect]
  Logging is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, while forests are one of the most important habitats for bats. Bats that roost in tree cavities require a large number of potential roosts due to their frequent roost switching.
  Logging is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, while forests are one of the most important habitats for bats. Bats that roost in tree cavities require a large number of potential roosts due to their frequent roost switching.
=====Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) nest tree selection: Selective logging in Amazon forest threatens Earth's largest eagle=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320720308120 by Everton B.P. Miranda 10/20 ScienceDirect]
Pragmatic solutions to preclude or mitigate anthropogenic threats to wildlife present a raft of challenges for conservation scientists throughout the tropics. With burgeoning human populations, available habitat for wildlife has both declined severely and become increasingly degraded (Dobrovolski et al., 2013; Woodroffe, 2000).
=====Tree hollows and forest stand structure in Australian warm temperate Eucalyptus forests are adversely affected by logging more than wildfire=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112714007300 by Christopher M. McLean 1/4/15 ScienceDirect]
We found that average stand tree diameter at breast height was negatively correlated to logging intensity. Logging intensity was negatively correlated with tree diameter at breast height (DBH), and the density of both hollow-bearing trees and hollows.
=====Erasing a European biodiversity hot-spot: Open woodlands, veteran trees and mature forests succumb to forestry intensification, succession, and logging in a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1617138113000794 by Jan Miklín 1/4/15 ScienceDirect]
Forestry and agricultural intensification have brought extensive changes to European landscapes, causing severe alteration and fragmentation of numerous habitats (Stoate et al. 2001). In woodlands, intensification resulted in removal of old trees, homogenisation of spatial and age structure, and ultimately in canopy closure.
=====Uneven-aged and even-aged logging alter foliar phenolics of oak trees remaining in forested habitat matrix=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112704003664 by Rebecca E. Forkner 27/9/04 ScienceDirect]
Human disturbances, including timber management practices, can profoundly impact soil nutrient quantities (Dupouey et al., 2002), light levels, and plant growth rates (Greiser Johns, 1997, Barbosa and Wagner, 1989). Each of these factors may influence plant anti-herbivore defense levels, either through tradeoffs among nutrient availability,
=====Assessing spatial patterns of burn severity for guiding post-fire salvage logging in boreal forests of Eastern Canada=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112724000689 by Victor Danneyrolles  15/3/24 ScienceDirect]
There is undeniably a lack of knowledge on the long-term ecological impacts of salvage logging since most existing studies focus on the first five years following the initial disturbance (Thorn et al., 2018). However, many short-term studies have shown that salvage logging can strongly affect initial natural post-fire regeneration (Boucher et al., 2014, Greene et al., 2006, Splawinski et al., 2016) and burn-associated biodiversity (Lindenmayer et al., 2018, Thorn et al., 2018, Thorn et al., 2020).
=====The effects of selective logging on forest structure and tree species composition in a Central African forest: implications for management of conservation areas=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112703001075 by Jefferson S Hall 15/9/03 ScienceDirect]
A comparison between unlogged, 6-month and 18-year post-harvest forest stands indicates lasting effects of highly selective, high grade logging. While there was little difference in tree species composition and diversity between treatments, stem densities of both saplings and trees in unlogged forest were significantly higher than those in forest sampled 18 years after logging. Evidence suggests inadequate recruitment of Entandrophragma cylindricum and E. utile, the principal timber species, to justify continued timber extraction.
=====Reduced-impact logging for climate change mitigation (RIL-C) can halve selective logging emissions from tropical forests=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112718322126 by Peter W. Ellis  15/4/19 ScienceDirect]
RIL-C practices are defined by their capacities to deliver measurable climate change mitigation outcomes without reductions in timber yields. Examples of RIL-C practices include improved felling and bucking for greater wood utilization (thus reducing waste), directional felling to avoid collateral damage, skid trail planning, long-line winching, and narrower haul road construction. Many of these practices can be implemented at low cost without dramatic changes to existing operational systems (Holmes et al., 2002, Indrajaya et al., 2016).
=====Beyond the Timber Wars=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/magazine/magazine-articles/beyond-the-timber-wars/ by Lisa Bramen 31/7/15 The Nature Conservancy]
It's a rare mild February morning in southwestern Washington, a place so famous for winter squalls that beachfront hotels here offer storm-watching packages. A few miles inland, project manager Tom Kollasch is following faint elk trails through a stand of coastal rain-forest on The Nature Conservancy’s Ellsworth Creek Preserve.
======Tree Keepers: Where Sustaining the Forest Is a Tribal Tradition======
[https://e360.yale.edu/features/menominee-forest-management-logging by Fred Pearce 24/7/23 YaleEnvironment360]
Mike Lohrengel looks up in awe at trees he has known for 30 years. “This is one of the most beautiful places I know. This forest has it all: the most species, the most diversity. Many trees I know individually. Look at this one behind us. It’s got a split way up there. I’ll never forget that tree till I die.”
=====Timber Wars=====
[https://revealnews.org/podcast/timber-wars/ by Aaron Scott 13/2/21 Reveal]
In the 1980s and ’90s, loggers and environmental activists faced off over the future of old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest. In this episode, Reveal partners with the podcast series Timber Wars from Oregon Public Broadcasting. Reporter Aaron Scott explores that definitive moment in the history of the land – and the consequences that reverberate today.
=====The ‘timber detectives’ on the front lines of illegal wood trade=====
[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/the-timber-detectives-on-the-front-lines-of-illegal-wood-trade by Peter Yeung 9/3/22 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC]
“I only need to look at these two to know immediately it comes from South America,” he says, pointing at a pair of large white cells on a canvas of charcoal gray. “This is down to our years of experience.”
=====Corruption, Forestry Workers, and Siberian Tigers: the Story of Illegal Logging in the Developing World=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/maryland/blog/2014/06/corruption-forestry-workers-and-siberian-tigers-story-illegal-logging by SIERRA CLUB 25/6/14]
There’s a dark past behind the pieces of paper sitting right in your printer, right in your notebook— may be right beneath your pencil.  Potentially dark, that is.  According to the EIA (Environmental Investigation Agency), up to 90% of timber logged in some developing countries is done so illegally.  Therefore—assuming you didn’t buy some specialty paper from a country without rainforests and a fragile government— there is a strong likelihood that the wood products you’ve purchased in America are more tainted with corruption than you’d like to believe.
=====Illegal Logging=====
[https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/issues/illegal-logging/ by GREENPEACE]
Illegal logging is an immense, multi-billion dollar industry threatening forests worldwide.
Illegal logging is the catalyst to deforestation around the globe, threatening some of the world’s most important forests in terms of conservation value. Predatory logging brings roads deeper into the forest, which in turn fuels more logging, impacts Indigenous Peoples and traditional local communities, as well as harming wildlife. Illegal logging is a global-multi-country issue Greenpeace offices around the world have worked to investigate, document, and stop.
=====To Save the Redwoods, Scientists Debate Burning and Logging=====
[https://undark.org/2019/12/16/redwoods-burning-logging/ by Becki Robins 16/12/19 UNDARK]
Redwoods draw crowds, but they are also ecologically important. They act as natural water filters, processing trillions of gallons of clean, drinkable water every year. Redwood forests store at least three times as much carbon as any other kind of forest, and because the individual trees live for thousands of years, the carbon storage is long-term. That makes them important actors in the story of California’s changing climate.
=====What is clearcutting?=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/grassroots-network/stop-clearcutting-ca/about-clearcutting by SIERRA CLUB]
Clearcutting is an extreme logging method in which resilient natural forests are harvested and replaced with man-made tree plantations that do not replicate the ecosystem services of a healthy forest.
=====Inside the faltering fight against illegal Amazon logging=====
[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/brazil-logging by Scott Wallace 28/8/19 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC]
On July 4th, along a dusty backroad in the southwest Brazilian state of Rondônia, near the logging hub of Espigão d’Oeste, unknown assailants stopped a tanker truck, yanked the driver from the cab, and set it ablaze. The truck was carrying aviation fuel to resupply government helicopters supporting an operation against illegal loggers. Fearing further attacks, government agents suspended the operation and withdrew from the area.
=====Burning questions raised over logging=====
[https://www.nature.com/articles/news060102-8 by Mark Peplow 5/1/06 nature]
Clearing the remaining trees after a forest fire can increase the chance of further flames.
=====Timber salvaged from New York City buildings reveals ancient climate=====
[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/timber-salvaged-from-new-york-city-buildings-reveals-ancient-climate by Nathalie Alonso 22/10/21 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIFC]
Old-growth forests once covered the eastern United States, but they were almost entirely decimated by the early 1900s after centuries of commercial logging. Yet wood from those forests survives, much of it tucked behind the walls of New York City buildings. The tree rings on these timbers are sources of historical climate data, which is why researchers are working to recover them.
=====Saving the St. John=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/maine/stories-in-maine/st-john-forest-conservation-history/ by The Nature Conservancy 22/11/19]
The upper St. John River flows for 130 miles without passing a single settlement, growing from a small stream above Baker Lake to a major river before crossing into Canada. This has long been an important river for Native people, and early European settlers made a difficult living establishing now-vanished settlements and logging camps along the banks. For thousands of years, people have plied its remote waters and hunted, fished and camped along its shores.
=====How Sweden's Logging Practices Affect the Environment=====
[https://www.treehugger.com/how-swedens-logging-practices-affect-the-environment-5192350 by
Rebecca Clarke 15/8/21 Treehugger]
Sweden is known as one of the world’s most environmentally conscious countries. The International Energy Agency (IEA) called the country a global leader in building a low-carbon economy. Sweden's logging practices and policies, on the other hand, require a closer look.
=====Let’s Fight Fire with Fire=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/california/stories-in-california/californias-wildfire-future/ by The Nature Conservancy 15/7/22]
Thanks to Smokey Bear, a century of fire exclusion and the forced removal of Indigenous forest stewards, California’s Sierra forests are dangerously overgrown. Now, trees are packed together at up to five times their natural density, and fires that should regenerate our forests explode into infernos that destroy them. These forests help provide 60% of our state’s developed water supply, and losing them would leave millions of people without clean drinking water.
=====Reducing Logging Impacts in the Congo Basin=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/africa/stories-in-africa/reduced-impact-logging-congo/ by The Nature Conservancy 12/1/23]
The tracks were fresh in the mud. A leopard had walked across the logging access road between dusk and dawn. And it wasn’t the first animal sighting of the week—forest elephants and western lowland gorillas carried out their daily routines in the forest just as the loggers carried out theirs. Stingless sweat bees made their presence known, too, congregating by the hundreds on any exposed skin perspiring in the midday sun.
=====Illegal logging in decline=====
[https://www.nature.com/articles/news.2010.352 by Emma Marris  15/7/10 nature]
Preventing illicit cutting is a cheap way to reduce carbon emissions.
=====Climate Clues from the Past Prompt a New Look at History=====
[https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-clues-from-the-past-prompt-new-look-at-history by  Jacques Leslie 20/12/21 YaleEnvironment360]
Relying on new geochemical techniques for analyzing ice core sediment to determine the dates of ancient volcanic activity down to the year or even season, the paper, published in Nature in 2015, showed that major eruptions worldwide caused precipitous, up-to-a-decade-long⁠ drops in global temperatures. Later research pegged those drops at as much as 13 degrees F.
=====Logging in disguise: How forest thinning is making wildfires worse=====
[https://grist.org/fix/opinion/forest-thinning-logging-makes-wildfires-worse/ by David McNew 24/8/21 Grist]
Earlier this month, the Dixie Fire leveled most of the town of Greenville, California. I know the town well — I conducted fieldwork for my doctoral dissertation there. Thankfully, everyone survived. But the downtown is gone, along with 75 percent of the homes.
=====How Widespread Logging in Canada Is Escaping Scrutiny=====
[https://www.nrdc.org/bio/courtenay-lewis/how-widespread-logging-canada-escaping-scrutiny by Courtenay Lewis 18/3/19 NRCD]
Addressing the threat of climate change is a significant concern for Americans and Canadians, and climate scientists have stressed that protecting global forests is as urgent as stopping fossil fuel use. Wildlife loss is happening at an astonishing rate: species’ populations have declined by an average of 60 percent since 1970, with habitat loss as a key driver.
=====CHIP MILLS INDUSTRIAL LOGGING RETURNS TO THE OZARKS=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/missouri/blog/2013/12/chip-mills-industrial-logging-returns-ozarks by  Ken Midkiff  17/12/13 SIERRA NEWS]
About one hundred years ago, the forests of the Ozarks Plateau were being leveled. Huge milling operations, established along the streams and rivers, took in logs floated down the rivers or hauled in by mule teams and converted them to railroad ties and lumber to meet the demands of the country’s westward march. Rail lines crisscrossed the area to haul away the milled lumber.
=====For the Love of California=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/california/stories-in-california/california-history/ by MIKE SWEENEY 16/12/19 The Nature Conservancy]
When The Nature Conservancy first bought a nature preserve in California back in 1959, I can guarantee those supporters never imagined the innovations it would lead to. We started with the acquisition of the Angelo Coast Range Reserve, a beautiful stand of old-growth forest in Mendocino County.
=====From Roots to Timber=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/north-carolina/stories-in-north-carolina/history-of-longleaf-pine/ by The Nature Conservancy 5/2/24]
Emmy Dasanaike was an intern in 2023. She is an honors scholar at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,  studying public policy and data science.
=====Fish in hot water: decades of logging tied to warmer temperatures in unprotected salmon-bearing streams=====
[https://thenarwhal.ca/logging-warming-waters/ by Ainslie Cruickshank 7/3/23 The Narwhal]
Globally, fish are feeling the heat from climate change, but in interior B.C. decades of logging in the headwaters of salmon streams has cranked those temperatures even higher, new research shows. As trees are cut down along waterways, small streams are exposed to more direct sunlight, while logging across watersheds can change the way water flows throughout the whole system. The combined effect can leave wild salmon swimming in waters that are warmer than they’d like.
=====Can Old-Growth Forest Survive a Timber Bias?=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/can-old-growth-forest-survive-timber-bias by Jim Furnish 6/12/24 Sierra]
After reading the EO, though, an immediate question arose: “Will the White House tell the Forest Service how to implement it or ask them?” My experience told me that unless the administration’s environmental overseers kept the Forest Service on a very tight leash, the agency would likely do as little as possible for as long as possible.
=====Cutting Carbon With Greener Chainsaws=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/cutting-carbon-with-greener-chainsaws/ by The Nature Conservancy 24/2/19]
Few environmental issues are more pressing than the protection of our tropical forests. These forests have the highest rates of biodiversity on earth and hold significant carbon stores that are released into the atmosphere when they are converted.
=====Tillamook and Clatsop State Forests=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/oregon/tillamook-and-clatsop-state-forests by SIERRA CLUB]
The rich history of the Tillamook and Clatsop State Forests revolves around abundant fish, natural beauty, clean drinking water, timber harvest, and outdoor recreation. Unfortunately, recent years have seen these lands managed with timber production valued over other social, environmental, and economic outcomes. These forests, which are still recovering from devastating logging and fires, need a balanced management approach that protects all their inherent benefits and provides Oregonians with the Greatest Permanent Value.
=====A journey through Virginia’s iconic forest habitat.=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/virginia/stories-in-virginia/va-how-we-work-longleaf-pine/ by The Nature Conservancy 31/8/23]
That pine could grow in the South simply wasn’t a thought that had crossed my mind. But it does. That fact should be obvious. The extensive longleaf pine ecosystem once covered the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, stretching from Virginia down to the Florida Panhandle and extending west to Texas.
=====Forests & Climate=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/forests by SIERRA CLUB]
In the fight against climate change, forests are key. Aside from transitioning from fossil fuels to clean energy, the conservation, restoration and stewardship of forests should be our highest priority.
=====News in brief=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/angeles/blog/2005/02/news-brief by SIERRA CLUB 28/2/05]
The national monument east of Porterville contains more than half of the world's sequoia trees. Their huge size, beauty and long life led to a drive to protect them, and President Clinton in 2000 gave them permanent protection by designating 328,000 acres, about one-third of Sequoia National Forest, a national monument under the Antiquities Act.
=====Sierra Club Founders=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/equity/journey/sierra-club-founders by SIERRA CLUB]
John Muir, one of the Sierra Club’s founders, sparked the movement to preserve millions of acres of land from logging and mining, and inspired generations of people to protect nature. The Sierra Club recognizes the importance of Muir’s conservation efforts with regard to designation of national parks, national forests, and rangelands, which prevented hundreds of millions of acres from being privatized and transferred into the hands of white logging, mining, and livestock grazing corporations enabled by 19th century colonization laws like the Timber and Stone Act, Homestead Acts, and Desert Lands Act.
=====Can barcodes enforce sustainable logging in Liberia?=====
[https://grist.org/article/2011-05-23-can-barcodes-enforce-sustainable-logging-in-liberia/ by Sarah Laskow 23/5/11 Grist]
Liberia, semi-miraculously, is still covered in rainforest, even though at one point in its history, warlord Charles Taylor was more or less giving arms traffickers logging tracts in exchange for weapons. The U.N. eventually noticed this problem and ended up saving the country's forests by putting an embargo on the country's "logs of war.”
=====President Biden Restores Logging Prohibitions in Tongass National Forest=====
[https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/president-biden-restores-logging-prohibitions-tongass-national-forest by Lindsey Botts 29/1/23 Sierra]
The new proposal reinstates the two-decade-old Roadless Rule, which prohibits new roads and logging across nearly two-thirds of the forest, including 168,000 acres of old-growth. Conservation groups, such as Earthjustice, which sued the Trump administration after their rule came out, and local Alaska Native tribes largely applauded the move. They say it is crucial to conserving biodiversity, old-growth forests, and Indigenous cultures.
=====Indigenous people battle squatters and timber poachers in Peru's Amazon=====
[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/indigenous-people-battle-squatters-timber-poachers-peruvian-amazon by Lyndsie Bourgon 12/4/19 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC]
Puerto Maldonado, Peru — On March 14, 2018, an alarm sounded in the ears of Jose Vargas, who was sitting at his desk in this Peruvian Amazon city. Embedded in the amber wood of a cedar tree, a small tracking device developed to spring to life at the whir of a chainsaw or crunching of boots on earth sent an alert via satellite to the offices of the Peruvian Society for Environmental Law (SPDA), where Vargas works as a GIS specialist.
=====Rain Forest Threats=====
[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/rainforest-threats by NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC]
More than half of Earth’s rain forests have already been lost due to the human demand for wood and arable land. Rain forests that once grew over 14 percent of the land on Earth now cover only about 6 percent. And if current deforestation rates continue, these critical habitats could disappear from the planet completely within the next hundred years.
=====Congo Basin Forests=====
[https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/congo-basin/ by GREENPEACE]
Stopping illegal logging and forest exploitation in Central Africa’s threatened tropical rainforest
The vast forest of the Congo Basin is the second-largest tropical rainforest on Earth and serves as the lungs of Africa. It’s an incredibly rich and diverse ecosystem that provides food, freshwater, shelter and medicine for tens of millions of local and Indigenous Peoples and is home to critically endangered wildlife species.
=====Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate=====
[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07657-w by Robert M. Ewers 17/7/24 nature]
Logged and disturbed forests are often viewed as degraded and depauperate environments compared with primary forest. However, they are dynamic ecosystems1 that provide refugia for large amounts of biodiversity2,3, so we cannot afford to underestimate their conservation value4.
=====Solutions to Deforestation=====
[https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/solutions-to-deforestation/ by GREENPEACE]
Working to end deforestation and forest degradation while helping to restore lost forests is our best chance to solve the climate emergency, protect wildlife, and defend the rights of Indigenous Peoples and traditional local communities. That’s why we are campaigning for more forests tomorrow than there are today. Greenpeace’s forest campaign historically has called for an end to deforestation but our current climate emergency requires a genuine and just restoration of all natural ecosystems, and reduced degradation of the world’s most critical landscapes.
=====Is clear-cutting U.S. forests good for wildlife?=====
[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/is-clear-cutting-us-forests-good-for-wildlife by Christopher Ketcham 24/3/22 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC]
Coming upon a clear-cut in an old forest is a jolting experience. Trees large and small are collapsed one atop the other in tangled jackstraw piles, corpse-like amid ragged stumps, and the ground is rutted with the tracks of heavy machinery. Such was the scene on the August day last year when forest activist Zack Porter and I hiked a newly built logging road in the Pittenden Inventoried Roadless Area, part of Vermont’s 400,000-acre Green Mountain National Forest.
=====Can local sustainable development save the Amazon?=====
[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/can-local-sustainable-development-save-the-amazon by NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC]
Local sustainable development 2.0, that’s how we should call what is happening in 80 municipalities of the Brazilian giant state of Pará, in the Amazon region. Pará is 1.8 times the size of Texas. These 80 towns are basically dominated by cattle-ranching and some timber production. Beef, timber, and soybean have been the main culprits for a long history of illegal logging, that has claimed about 20% of the Amazon rainforest, and 27% of Pará’s forest cover.
=====The Cumberland Forest Project: Conservation at Scale=====
[https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/protect-water-and-land/land-and-water-stories/cumberland-forest-project/ by The Nature Conservancy 19/5/25]
At 253,000 acres, the Cumberland Forest Project is one of The Nature Conservancy’s largest-ever conservation efforts in the eastern United States—larger than Shenandoah and Acadia National Parks combined. This vast forest landscape spans two parcels: the Highlands in Southwest Virginia and Ataya along the Kentucky-Tennessee border.
=====Logged tropical forests have amplified and diverse ecosystem energetics=====
[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05523-1 by Yadvinder Malhi 14/12/22 nature]
Old-growth tropical forests are widely recognized as being immensely important for their biodiversity and high biomass1. Conversely, logged tropical forests are usually characterized as degraded ecosystems2. However, whether logging results in a degradation in ecosystem functions is less clear: shifts in the strength and resilience of key ecosystem processes in large suites of species have rarely been assessed in an ecologically integrated and quantitative framework.
=====Logging Plays Bigger Climate Change Role Than U.S. Acknowledges, Report Says=====
[https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05052017/climate-change-biomass-renewable-energy-coal-deforestation-paris-climate-agreement/ by Georgina Gustin 5/5/17 Inside Climate News]
The U.S. has consistently underestimated the impact that logging has on accelerating climate change and the role that preserving its forests can play in sucking carbon out of the atmosphere. That’s the conclusion of a new report that also seeks to rebut the notion that burning wood is a “carbon neutral” alternative to burning coal and oil for electricity.
=====Reviving The Lost Art Of Logrolling=====
[https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-history-dept/2015/02/03/379052827/reviving-the-lost-art-of-log-rolling by Linton Weeks 3/2/15 npr]
A recent film, Queens of the Roleo by David Bryant Jones, won Best Documentary at the 2014 Central Oregon Film festival and will be featured at the Spokane International Film Festival this weekend. Logrolling is a main event — for women and men — at the Lumberjack World Championships in Hayward, Wis., every summer. Timber-twirling tournaments, according to the United States Log Rolling Association, are scheduled in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Montana and Washington in the coming months.
=====Logging in Canada’s Most Famous National Park to Save It From Wildfires=====
[https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/29/world/canada/canada-wildfires-logging-banff-climate.html by  Norimitsu Onishi 29/5/24 The New York Times]
Flanked by dense forests, the mile-long, 81-acre expanse of land on the mountainside had been stripped nearly clean. Only scattered trees still stood, while some skinny felled trunks had been left behind. A path carved out by logging trucks was visible under a light blanket of snow.
=====Leaving Timber Behind, An Alaska Town Turns To Tourism=====
[https://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528453624/leaving-timber-behind-an-alaska-town-turns-to-tourism by Melissa Block 17/5/17 npr]
Many people who used to earn their livelihoods through timber have now turned to jobs in tourism.
=====LOGGING BOOMS ON REFORESTED CONNECTICUT FARMS=====
[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/16/us/logging-booms-on-reforested-connecticut-farms.html by James Brooke 16/3/86 The New York Times]
With his steel-toed boots and Swedish chain saw, Mr. Treadwell represents a new breed in the woods here: the Connecticut lumberjack.
=====Despite What the Logging Industry Says, Cutting Down Trees Isn’t Stopping Catastrophic Wildfires=====
[https://www.propublica.org/article/despite-what-the-logging-industry-says-cutting-down-trees-isnt-stopping-catastrophic-wildfires by Tony Schick 31/10/20 PROPUBLICA]
Echoing a long-standing belief in the state that public forests are the problem, U.S. Rep. Greg Walden, a Republican who represents eastern Oregon, equated the federal government’s management to that of “a slum lord.” And Democratic Gov. Kate Brown on “Face the Nation” accused Republicans in the state’s Legislature of blocking measures, proposed by a wildfire council, that would have increased logging on public lands.
=====Deep in a forest in Nigeria's Ebute Ipare village, Egbontoluwa Marigi sized up a tall mahogany tree, methodically cut it down with his axe and machete, and as it fell with a crackling sound, he surveyed the forest for the next tree.=====
[https://widerimage.reuters.com/story/in-nigerias-disappearing-forests-loggers-outnumber-trees by REUTERS 13/6/22]
President Muhammadu Buhari told a COP15 meeting in Abidjan, Ivory Coast on May 9 that Nigeria had established a national forestry trust fund to help regenerate the country's forests. That may not be enough as the country loses forests at a faster pace.
=====Joe Biden plans to ban logging in US old-growth forests in 2025=====
[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/19/biden-forest-logging-ban-old-trees by Lauren Aratani 19/12/23 The Guardian]
Joe Biden’s administration on Tuesday announced a new proposal aimed at banning logging in old-growth forests, a move meant to protect millions of trees that play a key role in fighting the climate crisis.
=====Canada's British Columbia to defer logging of at-risk ancient trees=====
[https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/canadas-british-columbia-defer-logging-at-risk-ancient-trees-2021-11-02/ by Reuters 2/11/21]
Nov 2 (Reuters) - Canada's British Columbia province said on Tuesday it would work with indigenous groups to defer logging of rare and ancient trees as part of a strategy to modernize the timber industry and protect the province's shrinking old-growth forests.
The deferral of harvesting of trees at B.C.'s most at-risk old-growth forests is designed to buy time while local leaders develop a longer-term plan for forest management.
=====Biden administration won’t ban logging in old-growth forests, but new plan still vexes industry=====
[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-administration-wont-ban-logging-in-old-growth-forests-but-new-plan-still-vexes-industry by Matthew Brown 20/6/24 PBS NEWS]
BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) — The Biden administration is advancing its plan to restrict logging within old-growth forests that are increasingly threatened by climate change, with exceptions that include cutting trees to make forests less susceptible to wildfires, according to a U.S. government analysis obtained by The Associated Press.
=====‘Legacy’ Forests. ‘Restoration’ Logging. The New Jargon of Conservation Is Awash in Ambiguity. And Politics=====
[https://insideclimatenews.org/news/14102024/new-conservation-jargon-awash-in-ambiguity-politics/ by Nathan Gilles 14/10/24 Inside Climate News]
In 2019, conservation activist and longtime Washington state resident Stephen Kropp did something he’d never done before: he explored a forest managed as state trust land by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources.
=====For hundreds of millions of Africans who lack access to modern sources of power, wood, a form of biomass, is the sole source of energy.=====
[https://widerimage.reuters.com/story/trees-planks-and-sawdust by Akintunde Akinleye 24/12/14 REUTERS]
Nigeria lost just over 2 million hectares of forest annually between 2005-10, driven by agricultural expansion, logging and infrastructure development, according to U.N. data.
=====How to stop illegal logging in Tanzania=====
[https://www.weforum.org/stories/2015/01/how-to-stop-illegal-logging-in-tanzania/ by Kizito Makoye 14/1/15 WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM]
A surge in illegal logging is devastating native forests in coastal Tanzania’s Rufiji district, despite efforts by authorities to curb forest losses, officials said.
=====New Kenyan app is helping to track and halt illegal logging=====
[https://www.weforum.org/stories/2021/04/this-app-helps-kenyan-people-to-prevent-illegal-logging/ by Kagondu Njagi 20/4/21 WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM]
With about a dozen rangers, he has been using an app that through satellite feeds maps signs of forest fires, illegal logging and people encroaching on water sources, to stem worsening deforestation in Kwale County during the COVID-19 pandemic.
=====Biden administration moves to protect forests with older trees from logging=====
[https://www.npr.org/2024/01/07/1223351622/biden-administration-moves-to-protect-forests-with-older-trees-from-logging by Ayesha Rascoe 7/1/24 npr]
NPR's Ayesha Rascoe speaks with Meg Krawchuk of Oregon State University about the Biden administration's proposal to protect old growth forests. Old trees contain more carbon than younger trees.
=====Lack of Loggers Is Hobbling Arizona Forest-Thinning Projects That Could Have Slowed This Year’s Devastating Wildfires=====
[https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08072022/arizona-wildfire-forest-thinning/ by Andrew Onodera 8/7/22 Inside Climate News]
Smith is the forest restoration director for Coconino County, which includes the city of Flagstaff and was hit by a particularly brutal start to this year’s fire season. The Tunnel Fire burned nearly 20,000 acres here in April and claimed 30 homes. The Pipeline and Haywire fires, which are still burning, charred another 32,000 acres in June, including much of the forest surrounding Smith’s beloved Weatherford Trail.
=====Reviving the Redwoods=====
[https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/15/science/redwood-trees-logging-california.html by Jim Robbins 15/8/23 The New York Times]
In what was once an old growth redwood forest that was heavily logged in 1968, a National Park Service forester points to an unruly tangle of spindly trees, 900 to the acre and so jam-packed it is difficult to walk through.
=====Defying E.U. Court, Poland Is Cutting Trees in an Ancient Forest=====
[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/world/europe/poland-bialowieza-forest-bison-logging.html by  Joanna Berendt 31/7/17 The New York Times]
The decision is the latest challenge by Poland to the legal authority of the European Union, which Poland joined in 2004, and could result in financial penalties. The arch-conservative and nationalist government that took power in Poland in 2015 has been chastised by the authorities in Brussels; last week, it was formally warned that its efforts to consolidate power over the judiciary in Poland threatened the rule of law.
=====Deep In The Amazon, An Unseen Battle Over The Most Valuable Trees=====
[https://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/452555878/deep-in-the-amazon-an-unseen-battle-over-the-most-valuable-trees by Lulu Garcia 4/11/15 npr]
In their everyday life, they are rubber tappers. They take us on a trail that leads to their rubber trees, which grow wild on the reserves where they live. These trees are native to the Amazon region, one of the most dangerous places in the world to be an environmental defender.
=====Can a Nation Replace Its Oil Wealth With Trees?=====
[https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/03/climate/gabon-logging-oil-economy.html by Dionne Searcey 3/11/22 The New York Times]
LOANGO NATIONAL PARK, Gabon — Evening and the rainforest. A riverbank packed with elephants. Treetops so dense they obscure all but a chimpanzee’s hairy arm. And, as the sun sets, a twinkle on the horizon: an offshore oil platform.
=====Trees older than America: a primeval Alaskan forest is at risk in the Trump era=====
[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/22/alaska-tongass-forest-at-risk-logging-trump by Brendan Jones 22/3/18 The Guardian]
At south-east Alaska’s last industrial-scale sawmill, wheel loaders stack debarked logs two storeys high on the frozen ground. A bumper sticker on a battered Ford in the parking lot reads “Cut Kill Dig Drill”, a mantra that many in the 49th state appreciate re
=====Most Countries are Falling Short of Their Promises to Stop Cutting Down the World’s Trees=====
[https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23102023/world-losing-millions-acres-forest-annually/ by  Georgina Gustin 23/10/23 Inside Climate News]
Despite the urgency behind global pledges to stop cutting down trees and damaging forests, the world lost tens of millions of acres of woodlands in 2022, veering well off track from meeting targets to halt deforestation and reversing modest progress from the previous year.
=====Meet the jungle gardener of Borneo, who is logging sustainably=====
[https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/09/jungle-gardener-borneo-logging-sustainably-wwf/ by Kate Whiting 25/9/19 WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM]
“We have close to a thousand orangutans in Deramakot,” says the forest manager. “If you look at the orangutans, when they show a healthy population, it means the rest are taken care of.”
=====Logging the South Plateau: Another Forest Service Con Job=====
[https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/02/26/logging-the-south-plateau-another-forest-service-con-job/ by George Wuerthner 25/9/19 WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM]
Ostensibly, the Forest Service claims the logging will improve forest health and reduce fire risk. Nothing could be further from the truth. It is another example of the Forest Service’s con job of justifying logging to the detriment of other forest values.
=====Brazil targets illegal logging in major Amazon raids=====
[https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-targets-illegal-logging-major-amazon-raids-2025-02-17/ by Ueslei Marcelino 17/2/25 Reuters]
The raids kicked off a year-long project called Operation Maravalha, named after a type of sawdust, in the states of Amazonas, Para and Rondonia. The government expects Maravalha to be the largest operation of its kind in over five years.
=====Fates of trees damaged by logging in Amazonian Bolivia=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037811271500434X by Alexander Shenkin 1/12/15 ScienceDirect]
Estimation of carbon losses from trees felled and incidentally-killed during selective logging of tropical forests is relatively straightforward and well-documented, but less is known about the fates of collaterally-damaged trees that initially survive.
=====Surviving trees and deadwood moderate changes in soil fungal communities and associated functioning after natural forest disturbance and salvage logging=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071722000153 by Mathias Mayer 3/22 ScienceDirect]
Fungi are a key group of the soil microbiome in temperate and boreal forests, and their community composition can strongly be affected by forest disturbance. Particularly ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi have been shown to strongly decrease in abundance following windthrows, bark beetle attacks, forest fires, and harvesting operations, as they rely on the supply of recently fixed carbon (C) from their host trees (Holden et al., 2013;
=====Beyond reduced-impact logging: Silvicultural treatments to increase growth rates of tropical trees=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037811270700881X by M. Peña-Claros 20/9/08 ScienceDirect]
Use of reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques has repeatedly been shown to reduce damage caused by logging. Unfortunately, these techniques do not necessarily ameliorate the low growth rates of many commercial species or otherwise assure recovery of the initial volume harvested during the next cutting cycle.
=====Species grouping and diameter growth of trees in the Eastern Amazon: Influence of environmental factors after reduced-impact logging=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112724007771 by Jorge Luis Reategui-Betancourt 15/2/25 ScienceDirect]
Tree growth predictions still present a challenge to forestry scientists. Species richness, ecological behavior variations, and different climate and soil interactions make it difficult to predict and understand tree growth in managed forests.
=====Effects of 50 years of selective logging on demography of trees in a Malaysian lowland forest=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112713005999 by Toshihiro Yamada 15/12/13 ScienceDirect]
Species specific tree performance (growth, mortality, and recruitment rates) and population growth rate in a logged forest that was selectively logged in 1958 were compared with those in a primary forest using 10-year forest demographic data (1998–2008) in the Pasoh Forest Reserve in Malaysia.
=====Large trees as key elements of carbon storage and dynamics after selective logging in the Eastern Amazon=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112714000073 by Plinio Sist 15/4/14 ScienceDirect]
The long term effect of Reduced-Impact Logging (RIL) on above-ground live biomass (AGB) dynamics was investigated in 18 1-ha logged over permanent sample plots set up in a terra firme rain forest in the Eastern Amazon (Brazil, Paragominas).
=====Empirical relationships between tree fall and landscape-level amounts of logging and fire=====
[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193132 by David B. Lindenmayer 23/2/18 PLOS one]
Large old trees are critically important keystone structures in forest ecosystems globally. Populations of these trees are also in rapid decline in many forest ecosystems, making it important to quantify the factors that influence their dynamics at different spatial scales. Large old trees often occur in forest landscapes also subject to fire and logging.
=====When big trees fall: Damage and carbon export by reduced impact logging in southern Amazonia=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112705005232 by Ted R. Feldpausch 25/11/05 ScienceDirect]
We examined carbon export in whole logs and carbon accumulation as coarse woody debris (CWD) produced from forest damage during all phases of the first and second year of a certified reduced impact logging (RIL) timber harvest in southern Amazonia.
=====Recruitment, growth and recovery of commercial tree species over 30 years following logging and thinning in a tropical rain forest=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112716304935 by Angela Luciana de Avila 1/2/17 ScienceDirect]
Sustainable production of timber from commercial species across felling cycles is a core challenge for tropical silviculture. In this study, we analysed how the intensity and type (harvesting and thinning) of silvicultural interventions affect: (a) recruitment of small stems (5 cm ⩽ DBH < 15 cm), (b) increment of future crop trees (15 cm ⩽ DBH < 50 cm) and (c) recovery of harvestable growing stocks (DBH ⩾ 50 cm) of 52 commercial timber species in the Tapajós National Forest, Brazil.
=====Applying ecological knowledge to decisions about seed tree retention in selective logging in tropical forests=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112708002223 by Joberto Veloso de Freitas 20/9/08 ScienceDirect]
In production forests in the moist tropics, trees are selected for felling or retention primarily by species and size. Tree regeneration requirements and forest stand responses to harvesting are often ignored, and consequently, the regeneration of the residual forest is not ensured.
=====Tree growth and aboveground biomass in a tropical mountain forest thirty years after selective logging in Sarawak, Borneo=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989421000111 by Renee Sherna Laing 20/9/08 ScienceDirect]
Tropical mountain forests are vital components of global floristic diversity as well as the hydrological cycle but have been extensively exploited. However, the impacts of human disturbances on changes in biomass and regional forest variation are not well documented in tropical mountainous regions.
=====Acidifying effect of removal of tree stumps and logging residues as compared to atmospheric deposition=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112712003519 by Johan Iwald 15/2/13 ScienceDirect]
Harvesting of stumps and logging residues for bioenergy can be expected to increase in the future. An increased biomass export from the forest will increase the biological acidification, measured as net cation (cations–anions) export. The aim of this study is to estimate the acidifying effect that various levels of harvesting of tree stumps and logging residues will have in Sweden, and compare this with the acidification currently caused by acid deposition. Estimations of yearly logging of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and birch (Betula spp.) on county-level were made based on scenario data from forestry consequence analyses and data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory.
=====Effect of bark beetle outbreak and salvage logging on tree-related microhabitats in Białowieża Forest=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112725002191?dgcid=rss_sd_all by Flora van Eupen 15/6/25 ScienceDirect]
Tree related microhabitats (TreMs) are key resources for forest biodiversity. Natural disturbances, such as bark beetle outbreaks, can influence forest structure and stand properties, potentially altering the composition of TreM communities.
=====Changes in tree functional composition and forest functioning ten years after logging and thinning interventions in Bornean tropical forests=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112721010410 by Ni Putu Diana Mahayani  15/2/22 ScienceDirect]
Regenerating logged-over forests have become the predominant form of tropical forest cover (Asner et al., 2009, Gaveau et al., 2014). Despite being altered, logged forests can continue to maintain high biological diversity and provide important ecological services (Cannon et al., 1998, Mazzei et al., 2010, Berry et al., 2010, Edwards et al., 2011, Chaudhary et al., 2016). Often, the conservation value of logged forests depends on the logging practices applied because it determines the forest structure after logging, which strongly impacts their regrowth capacity and trajectory (Sist and Nguyen-Thé, 2002, Slik et al., 2002, Piponiot et al., 2016).
=====Effect of bark beetle outbreak and salvage logging on tree-related microhabitats in Białowieża Forest=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112725002191 by Flora van Eupen 15/6/25 ScienceDirect]
Tree related microhabitats (TreMs) are key resources for forest biodiversity. Natural disturbances, such as bark beetle outbreaks, can influence forest structure and stand properties, potentially altering the composition of TreM communities.
=====Policy analysis
Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) nest tree selection: Selective logging in Amazon forest threatens Earth's largest eagle=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320720308120 by Everton B.P. Miranda  10/20 ScienceDirect]
Characterizing wildlife conservation problems is essential to properly inform conservation planning, and requires detailed knowledge on critical life stages, such as reproduction.
=====Tree hollows and forest stand structure in Australian warm temperate Eucalyptus forests are adversely affected by logging more than wildfire=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112714007300 by Christopher M. McLean  1/4/15 ScienceDirect]
Ecologically sustainable forest management aims to maintain biodiversity values within managed forest ecosystems. A key habitat component within Australian forest ecosystems are hollow-bearing trees which are crucially important for fauna species requiring tree hollows for diurnal shelter and nesting. The effect of disturbance regimes, in particular logging and fire, on hollow dynamics is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between logging intensity and fire frequency on hollow abundance and forest stand structural attributes in two different eastern Australian Eucalyptus forest types.
=====Erasing a European biodiversity hot-spot: Open woodlands, veteran trees and mature forests succumb to forestry intensification, succession, and logging in a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1617138113000794 by Jan Miklín  2/14 ScienceDirect]
Open woodlands are among the biologically richest habitats of the temperate zone.
=====Assessing spatial patterns of burn severity for guiding post-fire salvage logging in boreal forests of Eastern Canada=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112724000689 by Victor Danneyrolles  15/3/24 scienceDirect]
Areas affected by forest fires are increasing worldwide, making salvage logging (i.e., harvesting fire-affected trees) an increasingly used practice to reduce the economic impacts of fire on forestry. However, salvage logging can have strong ecological impacts, notably on post-fire forest regeneration and biodiversity. Burn severity (i.e., the degree to which fires impact the vegetation and soil) is also a central element that interacts with pre-fire forest characteristics and salvages logging to control post-fire forest dynamics and biodiversity.
=====The effects of selective logging on forest structure and tree species composition in a Central African forest: implications for management of conservation areas=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112703001075 by Jefferson S Hall 15/9/03 ScienceDirect]
The forests of Central Africa enjoy world-wide recognition for their spectacular wildlife and also harbor an abundance of high quality timber. With mismanagement and the conversion of large tracts of West African forest to agricultural production, Central African forests are experiencing increased harvesting pressures. This is particularly true for species of African mahogany (Entandrophragma spp.).
=====Reduced-impact logging for climate change mitigation (RIL-C) can halve selective logging emissions from tropical forests=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112718322126 by Peter W. Ellis 15/4/19 ScienceDirect]
Improved natural forest management represents a potentially large natural climate solution to global climate change, but this mitigation opportunity is highly uncertain (Griscom et al., 2017). Reduced-impact logging (RIL)—a set of improved timber harvesting guidelines for selectively logged natural forests—is of particular interest because of its relative low costs and numerous co-benefits. The carbon benefits of RIL have been studied at numerous sites across the tropics (e.g., Feldpausch et al., 2005, Medjibe et al., 2011, Pearson et al., 2014) as are the benefits to biodiversity (Bicknell et al., 2014). However, to our knowledge only one study (Putz et al., 2008b) estimated the pantropical climate mitigation potential of RIL, but it was based on field data from only two sites (Keller et al., 2004, Pinard and Putz, 1996).
=====Vine management for reduced-impact logging in eastern Amazonia=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112797000510 by Edson Vidal 3/11/97 ScienceDirect]
The presence of vines interconnecting the canopies of tropical forest trees has been thought to increase the damage to neighboring trees when a tree is felled during selective logging, resulting in larger canopy gaps and possibly prejudicting future timber harvests.
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