Vitamin D: Difference between revisions

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[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522037686 by DeLuca Hector 12/04 ScienceDirect]

Vitamin D3 is a prohormone produced in skin through ultraviolet irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol. It is biologically inert and must be metabolized to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the liver and then to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the kidney before function.

=====Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523120818 by Jacobo Wortsman 9/2000 ScienceDirect]

Healthy, white, obese [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) ≥ 30] and matched lean control subjects (BMI ≤ 25) received either whole-body ultraviolet radiation or a pharmacologic dose of vitamin D2 orally.

=====Effects of vitamin D on mood and sleep in the healthy population: Interpretations from the serotonergic pathway=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079220301222 by Laura M. Huiberts 2/21 ScienceDirect]

Vitamin D insufficiency is common in the healthy population. Recent insights addressed the role of vitamin D in serotonin and melatonin regulation, suggesting that increasing vitamin D status may be helpful for improving mood and sleep.

=====Vitamin D Toxicity=====

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557876/ by Nauman Farooq 24/5/23 NIH]

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin found in some animal food products and is also synthesized in the human body via exposure to the sun. Toxicity of vitamin D leads to hypercalcemia and an imbalance in the regulation of bone metabolism; the resultant hypercalcemia leads to clinical manifestations and symptoms of toxicity. This activity reviews the etiology, evaluation, and treatment of vitamin D toxicity. In addition, it highlights the role of healthcare practitioners in identifying the patients at risk for toxicity and the importance of appropriate medication reconciliation to help prevent such adverse outcomes.

=====Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of stratified aggregate data=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213858724003486 by David A Jolliffe 4/25 ScienceDirect]

Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of data from RCTs of vitamin D for ARI prevention using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were done to determine whether effects of vitamin D on risk of ARI varied according to baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration, dosing regimen, or age.

=====Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523241374 by Glenville Jones 8/08 ScienceDirect]

Although researchers first identified the fat-soluble vitamin cholecalciferol almost a century ago and studies have now largely elucidated the transcriptional mechanism of action of its hormonal form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], we know surprisingly little about mechanisms of vitamin D toxicity.

=====High-Dose Vitamin D in Clinically Isolated Syndrome Typical of Multiple Sclerosis=====

[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2831270 by JAMA]

In this randomized clinical trial including 303 patients treated with oral high-dose cholecalciferol or placebo, the primary outcome measure of disease activity, defined as occurrence of a relapse and/or magnetic resonance imaging activity (new and/or contrast-enhancing lesions) over 24 months of follow-up, was observed in 94 patients (60.3%) in the vitamin D group and 109 patients (74.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.66). This was a statistically significant difference.

=====Vitamin D across the lifecycle: physiology and biomarkers=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523241404 by Ann Prentice 8/08 ScienceDirect]

The field of vitamin D public health research has a pressing need to define sensitive and specific predictors of vitamin D status that can be used to determine whether an individual or population has a supply of vitamin D that is sufficient to meet requirements.

=====Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960076013002331 by Cristina Palacios 8/14 ScienceDirect]

Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide in all age groups, even in those residing in countries with low latitude, where it was generally assumed that UV radiation was adequate enough to prevent this deficiency, and in industrialized countries, where vitamin D fortification has been implemented now for years.

=====Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522037674 by Holick Michael 12/04 ScienceDirect]

Most humans depend on sun exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D. Solar ultraviolet B photons are absorbed by 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin, leading to its transformation to previtamin D3, which is rapidly converted to vitamin D3. Season, latitude, time of day, skin pigmentation, aging, sunscreen use, and glass all influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D3.

=====A systematic review of vitamin D and endometriosis: role in pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2666571922000202 by Bhavjeet Kaur Kahlon M.B.B.S 1/23 ScienceDirect]

A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines within PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and Scopus. A comprehensive search strategy was developed by a data informationist.

=====Vitamin D – what is normal according to latest research and how should we deal with it?=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470211824027167 by Neil JL Gittoes 4/16 ScienceDirect]

Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern. Mediated by classical endocrine effects, vitamin D deficiency is causally linked with bone and calcium disorders. Non-endocrine actions of vitamin D are also widely recognised and these effects are mediated by local tissue activation of vitamin D bringing about intracrine effects in non-classical sites.

=====Impact of vitamin D status on statin-induced myopathy=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214623716300503 by Krista D. Riche Pharm.D. 12/16 ScienceDirect]

There is a multitude of evidence supporting the benefit of statin use in cardiovascular disease; however, statin-induced myopathy is a major reason for statin discontinuation and non-adherence. Vitamin D deficiency has been independently associated with muscle weakness and severe myopathy, and may be a confounder for statin-induced myopathies. Since there is no consensus on a treatment course of action for statin-induced myopathy, investigation into potential confounders to elucidate the dynamics of statin-induced myopathy is warranted.

=====Vitamin D content in human breast milk: a 9-mo follow-up study=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291652312106X by við Streym Susanna 1/16 ScienceDirect]

Parents are advised to avoid the direct sun exposure of their newborns. Therefore, the vitamin D status of exclusively breastfed newborns is entirely dependent on the supply of vitamin D from breast milk.

=====The effect of vitamin D supplementation on primary depression: A meta-analysis=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032723012260 by Rui Wang 1/1/24 ScienceDirect]

Previous meta-analyses reported inconsistent results on the effect of vitamin D on depression because of different baseline concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], highlighting the need for a more accurate subgroup analysis of previously published findings. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression in adults.

=====Forgotten Mysteries in the Early History of Vitamin D=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623020345 by Kenneth J. Carpenter 5/1999 ScienceDirect]

In the early 1920s, workers in both England and the US had discovered that rats on a rachitic diet would remain healthy if irradiated with ultraviolet light. However, they also found, to their surprise, that “control” rats too would recover if either their jar was irradiated without the rat in it or if a cage-mate was removed for irradiation and then returned.

=====Cancer, sunlight and vitamin D=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214623714000386 by Michael F. Holick 12/14 ScienceDirect]

The sunshine vitamin has been associated with reduced risk for many chronic illnesses including cancer and cancer mortality. Epidemiologic and ecological studies have suggested that living at higher latitudes and having lower blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with increased risk for up to 15 cancers including breast, colon, lung, lymphoma, pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer.

=====Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034120305311 by Nurshad Ali 10/20 ScienceDirect]

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a global public health crisis. Little is known about the protective factors of this infection. Therefore, preventive health measures that can reduce the risk of infection, progression and severity are desperately needed.

=====A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014480023000175 by Gholamreza Daryabor 8/23 ScienceDirect]

In recent years, the physiological and molecular functions of vitamin D (Vit-D) have been deeply investigated. At first, Vit-D was considered a regulator of mineral and skeletal homeostasis.

=====Vitamin D in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268523000499 by Paraskevi Detopoulou 12/23 ScienceDirect]

In recent years, neurodegenerative diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and disability worldwide, with Parkinson's disease (PD) being the most prevalent [1] and having a higher incidence in adults above 60 years (1%) [2]. In Europe, the prevalence of PD is estimated at approximately 183/100.000 per year [3]. PD is characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, causing problems with movement and emotions [4].

=====Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis=====

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470154/ by NIH]

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system caused by an inappropriate attack of the body’s immune system on its own cells. To date, its etiology remains highly enigmatic, with insufficient evidence on the exact cause triggering the disease.

=====Vitamin D status and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled weight-loss trials=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291652204641X by Mallard Simonette R 10/16 ScienceDirect]

Obesity is associated with lower concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; however, uncertainty exists as to the direction of causation. To date, meta-analyses of randomized controlled vitamin D–supplementation trials have shown no effect of raising circulating vitamin D on body weight, although several weight-loss–intervention trials have reported an increase in circulating vitamin D after weight reduction.

=====The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on Vitamin D Status of Exclusively Breastfeeding Mothers and Their Nursing Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831322000771 by Elham Kazemain 3/22 ScienceDirect]

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, which is essential in maintaining bone health (1). Besides the classical role of vitamin D in bone homeostasis, vitamin D also has noncalcemic actions, such as modulating the immune system, inhibiting cancer progression, and regulating the cardiovascular and neurological systems

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@@ Line 243: / Line 243: @@
 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522037686 by DeLuca Hector 12/04 ScienceDirect]
   Vitamin D3 is a prohormone produced in skin through ultraviolet irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol. It is biologically inert and must be metabolized to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the liver and then to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the kidney before function.
+=====Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523120818 by Jacobo Wortsman 9/2000 ScienceDirect]
+ Healthy, white, obese [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) ≥ 30] and matched lean control subjects (BMI ≤ 25) received either whole-body ultraviolet radiation or a pharmacologic dose of vitamin D2 orally.
+=====Effects of vitamin D on mood and sleep in the healthy population: Interpretations from the serotonergic pathway=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079220301222 by Laura M. Huiberts 2/21 ScienceDirect]
+ Vitamin D insufficiency is common in the healthy population. Recent insights addressed the role of vitamin D in serotonin and melatonin regulation, suggesting that increasing vitamin D status may be helpful for improving mood and sleep.
+=====Vitamin D Toxicity=====
+[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557876/ by Nauman Farooq 24/5/23 NIH]
+ Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin found in some animal food products and is also synthesized in the human body via exposure to the sun. Toxicity of vitamin D leads to hypercalcemia and an imbalance in the regulation of bone metabolism; the resultant hypercalcemia leads to clinical manifestations and symptoms of toxicity. This activity reviews the etiology, evaluation, and treatment of vitamin D toxicity. In addition, it highlights the role of healthcare practitioners in identifying the patients at risk for toxicity and the importance of appropriate medication reconciliation to help prevent such adverse outcomes.
+=====Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of stratified aggregate data=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213858724003486 by David A Jolliffe 4/25 ScienceDirect]
+ Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of data from RCTs of vitamin D for ARI prevention using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were done to determine whether effects of vitamin D on risk of ARI varied according to baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration, dosing regimen, or age.
+=====Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523241374 by Glenville Jones 8/08 ScienceDirect]
+ Although researchers first identified the fat-soluble vitamin cholecalciferol almost a century ago and studies have now largely elucidated the transcriptional mechanism of action of its hormonal form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], we know surprisingly little about mechanisms of vitamin D toxicity.
+=====High-Dose Vitamin D in Clinically Isolated Syndrome Typical of Multiple Sclerosis=====
+[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2831270 by JAMA]
+  In this randomized clinical trial including 303 patients treated with oral high-dose cholecalciferol or placebo, the primary outcome measure of disease activity, defined as occurrence of a relapse and/or magnetic resonance imaging activity (new and/or contrast-enhancing lesions) over 24 months of follow-up, was observed in 94 patients (60.3%) in the vitamin D group and 109 patients (74.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.66). This was a statistically significant difference.
+=====Vitamin D across the lifecycle: physiology and biomarkers=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523241404 by Ann Prentice 8/08 ScienceDirect]
+ The field of vitamin D public health research has a pressing need to define sensitive and specific predictors of vitamin D status that can be used to determine whether an individual or population has a supply of vitamin D that is sufficient to meet requirements.
+=====Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960076013002331 by Cristina Palacios 8/14 ScienceDirect]
+ Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide in all age groups, even in those residing in countries with low latitude, where it was generally assumed that UV radiation was adequate enough to prevent this deficiency, and in industrialized countries, where vitamin D fortification has been implemented now for years.
+=====Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522037674 by Holick Michael  12/04 ScienceDirect]
+ Most humans depend on sun exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D. Solar ultraviolet B photons are absorbed by 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin, leading to its transformation to previtamin D3, which is rapidly converted to vitamin D3. Season, latitude, time of day, skin pigmentation, aging, sunscreen use, and glass all influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D3.
+=====A systematic review of vitamin D and endometriosis: role in pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2666571922000202 by Bhavjeet Kaur Kahlon M.B.B.S 1/23 ScienceDirect]
+ A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines within PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and Scopus. A comprehensive search strategy was developed by a data informationist.
+=====Vitamin D – what is normal according to latest research and how should we deal with it?=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470211824027167 by Neil JL Gittoes 4/16 ScienceDirect]
+ Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern. Mediated by classical endocrine effects, vitamin D deficiency is causally linked with bone and calcium disorders. Non-endocrine actions of vitamin D are also widely recognised and these effects are mediated by local tissue activation of vitamin D bringing about intracrine effects in non-classical sites.
+=====Impact of vitamin D status on statin-induced myopathy=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214623716300503 by Krista D. Riche Pharm.D. 12/16 ScienceDirect]
+ There is a multitude of evidence supporting the benefit of statin use in cardiovascular disease; however, statin-induced myopathy is a major reason for statin discontinuation and non-adherence. Vitamin D deficiency has been independently associated with muscle weakness and severe myopathy, and may be a confounder for statin-induced myopathies. Since there is no consensus on a treatment course of action for statin-induced myopathy, investigation into potential confounders to elucidate the dynamics of statin-induced myopathy is warranted.
+=====Vitamin D content in human breast milk: a 9-mo follow-up study=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291652312106X by við Streym Susanna 1/16 ScienceDirect]
+  Parents are advised to avoid the direct sun exposure of their newborns. Therefore, the vitamin D status of exclusively breastfed newborns is entirely dependent on the supply of vitamin D from breast milk.
+=====The effect of vitamin D supplementation on primary depression: A meta-analysis=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032723012260 by Rui Wang 1/1/24 ScienceDirect]
+ Previous meta-analyses reported inconsistent results on the effect of vitamin D on depression because of different baseline concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], highlighting the need for a more accurate subgroup analysis of previously published findings. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression in adults.
+=====Forgotten Mysteries in the Early History of Vitamin D=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623020345 by Kenneth J. Carpenter 5/1999 ScienceDirect]
+ In the early 1920s, workers in both England and the US had discovered that rats on a rachitic diet would remain healthy if irradiated with ultraviolet light. However, they also found, to their surprise, that “control” rats too would recover if either their jar was irradiated without the rat in it or if a cage-mate was removed for irradiation and then returned.
+=====Cancer, sunlight and vitamin D=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214623714000386 by Michael F. Holick 12/14 ScienceDirect]
+ The sunshine vitamin has been associated with reduced risk for many chronic illnesses including cancer and cancer mortality. Epidemiologic and ecological studies have suggested that living at higher latitudes and having lower blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with increased risk for up to 15 cancers including breast, colon, lung, lymphoma, pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer.
+=====Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034120305311 by Nurshad Ali 10/20 ScienceDirect]
+ The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a global public health crisis. Little is known about the protective factors of this infection. Therefore, preventive health measures that can reduce the risk of infection, progression and severity are desperately needed.
+=====A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014480023000175 by Gholamreza Daryabor 8/23 ScienceDirect]
+ In recent years, the physiological and molecular functions of vitamin D (Vit-D) have been deeply investigated. At first, Vit-D was considered a regulator of mineral and skeletal homeostasis.
+=====Vitamin D in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268523000499 by Paraskevi Detopoulou 12/23 ScienceDirect]
+ In recent years, neurodegenerative diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and disability worldwide, with Parkinson's disease (PD) being the most prevalent [1] and having a higher incidence in adults above 60 years (1%) [2]. In Europe, the prevalence of PD is estimated at approximately 183/100.000 per year [3]. PD is characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, causing problems with movement and emotions [4].
+=====Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis=====
+[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470154/ by NIH]
+ Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system caused by an inappropriate attack of the body’s immune system on its own cells. To date, its etiology remains highly enigmatic, with insufficient evidence on the exact cause triggering the disease.
+=====Vitamin D status and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled weight-loss trials=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291652204641X by Mallard Simonette R 10/16 ScienceDirect]
+ Obesity is associated with lower concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; however, uncertainty exists as to the direction of causation. To date, meta-analyses of randomized controlled vitamin D–supplementation trials have shown no effect of raising circulating vitamin D on body weight, although several weight-loss–intervention trials have reported an increase in circulating vitamin D after weight reduction.
+=====The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on Vitamin D Status of Exclusively Breastfeeding Mothers and Their Nursing Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831322000771 by Elham Kazemain 3/22 ScienceDirect]
+ Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, which is essential in maintaining bone health (1). Besides the classical role of vitamin D in bone homeostasis, vitamin D also has noncalcemic actions, such as modulating the immune system, inhibiting cancer progression, and regulating the cardiovascular and neurological systems