Nonviolence: Difference between revisions

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[[Tolstoy]]

[[Martin Luther King Jr]]

=====Wikipedia Nonviolence=====

[https://wikidemocracy.us/index.php/Nonviolence by Wikipedia]

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[https://www.democracynow.org/2020/7/29/bernard_lafayette_john_lewis_freedom_rides by DEMOCRACY NOW 29/7/20]

We revisit civil rights leader and Congressmember John Lewis’s early years of activism with Bernard Lafayette, one of Lewis’s closest friends and collaborators.

=====The Power of Nonviolence: Myths and Reality=====

[https://www.counterpunch.org/2023/05/31/the-power-of-nonviolence-myths-and-reality/ by Haley Morrow 31/5/23 COUNTERPUNCH]

A commonly held myth is that war concludes well with peace. In fact, conflict research shows that the losing side may accept defeat in a public-facing manner, only to fester and plot to get revenge later.

=====Building New 'Nonviolent Cities'=====

[https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/03/14/building-new-nonviolent-cities by Rev. John Dear 14/3/16 Common Dreams]

Last year, I was invited to give a talk on peace in Carbondale, Illinois. I was surprised to discover that in recent years, activists from across Carbondale had come together with a broad vision of what their community could one day become--a nonviolent city. They wanted a new holistic approach to their work, with a positive vision for the future, so that over time, their community would be transformed into a culture of nonviolence.

=====Yes to Assertive, No to Aggressive=====

[https://www.counterpunch.org/2016/05/11/yes-to-assertive-no-to-aggressive/ by Tom H. Hastings 11/5/16 COUNTERPUNCH]

I teach and write in the field of Peace and Conflict Studies, with a special focus on strategic nonviolence. It is a rich field, growing in its scholarship and its widespread usage. I’m so enthused by this—the more we wage our conflicts with nonviolence the lower the costs.

=====Mexican Campaign Ads: Fraternity, Nonviolence and ‘I Will Wear the Pants’=====

[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/mexican-campaign-ads by Larisa Epatko 25/6/12 PBS]

One of the top contenders in Mexico’s July 1 presidential election, Josefina Vazquez Mota of the Partido Accion Nacional, or PAN, is portraying herself as tough on crime and a protector of families. “I will be a president in a skirt,” she says in a campaign ad, “but I will wear the pants.”

=====Nonviolence in Iraq=====

[https://www.commondreams.org/views/2008/09/21/nonviolence-iraq by Owner Account 21/9/08 common dreams]

"Wars are poor chisels for carving out peaceful tomorrows," Martin Luther

King, Jr. once said. In the days after September 11, 2001, some relatives of

those who died in the attacks took King's words to heart. They formed "September

=====The New Nonviolence -- Stories of Civic Creation=====

[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-new-nonviolence_b_59cfa66ee4b034ae778d4ad7 by Harry Boyte 1/10/17 HUFFPOST]

Though it has ancient roots in religions and earlier struggles, nonviolence as a method of large scale change was first developed by Mahatma Gandhi and his colleagues in South Africa in the early 20th century to challenge bigotry against Indians.

=====Non-Violence Uses Love as Force=====

[https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/02/09/non-violence-uses-love-as-force/ by Richard Moser 9/2/18 COUNTERPUNCH]

“Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and establish such creative tension that a community that has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored…there is a type of of constructive nonviolent tension that is necessary for growth.

=====Nonviolence or Nonexistence=====

[https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/05/05/nonviolence-or-nonexistence by Robert C. Koehler 5/5/19 common dreams]

One of the people working tirelessly to make this happen is Mel Duncan, co-founder of Nonviolent Peaceforce. Just over a month ago, he did his best to bring some peace consciousness to a House Appropriations subcommittee, in an effort to get funding for a global lifesaving program that's in place in some of the most conflict-ravaged regions of the world. It's called, simply enough, Unarmed Civilian Protection, but there's nothing simple about what it is or how it works.

=====Buddhist Monk Thich Nhat Hanh, Hailed by MLK as “Apostle of Peace & Nonviolence,” Dies at 95=====

[https://www.democracynow.org/2022/1/24/thich_nhat_hanh_dies_at_95 by DEMOCRACY NOW 24/1/22]

World-renowned Buddhist monk, poet, teacher and antiwar activist Thich Nhat Hanh has died in his native Vietnam at the age of 95. He was exiled from Vietnam for decades beginning in the 1960s after he spoke out publicly against the war. In 1966, he traveled to the United States and met with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., helping to persuade King to speak out against the U.S. War on Vietnam.

=====A Few Things About Nonviolence: A Response to Yoav Litvin=====

[https://www.counterpunch.org/2017/09/22/a-few-things-about-nonviolence-a-response-to-yoav-litvin/ by Andie Stewart 22/9/17 COUNTERPUNCH]

Yoav Litvin’s recent column, To Punch or Not to Punch – The American Left’s Existential Crisis, about nonviolence is a deeply mistaken and rather insulting piece of writing. His understanding of nonviolence is ahistorical and decontextualized. What he calls ‘nonviolence’ is not nonviolence, it is the liberal media’s false projection of nonviolence that has been created in the 50 years since the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. to function as a soft-power ideological state apparatus.

=====Imagining the nonviolent state=====

[https://www.vox.com/2020/6/17/21279950/nonviolence-king-gandhi-protesters-rioters-george-floyd by Ezra Klein 17/6/20 Vox]

What if nonviolence wasn’t an inhuman standard demanded of the powerless, but an ethic upon which we reimagined the state?

=====The power of nonviolence=====

[https://aeon.co/essays/nonviolence-has-returned-from-obscurity-to-become-a-new-force by aeon]

No political action seems to enjoy greater moral authority than the nonviolent methods Mahatma Gandhi inaugurated more than a century ago. Gandhi’s neologism for nonviolent direct action was satyagraha, which roughly translates to ‘holding fast to truth’. While this term itself never caught on, in principle or form, nonviolent models of organising protest did. For decades, pro-democracy movements in Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe have conspicuously embraced nonviolent politics to express mass dissent and topple authoritarian governments.

=====Why Ta-Nehisi Coates is hopeful=====

[https://www.vox.com/2020/6/5/21279530/ta-nehisi-coates-ezra-klein-show-george-floyd-police-brutality-trump-biden by Ezra Klein 5/6/20 Vox]

The author of Between the World and Me on why this isn’t 1968, the Colin Kaepernick test, police abolition, nonviolence and the state, and more.

=====Ta-Nehisi Coates Criticizes Calls For Nonviolence In Baltimore=====

[https://www.npr.org/2015/05/01/403597684/atlantic-staffer-criticizes-calls-for-nonviolence-in-baltimore by All Things Considered 1/5/15 npr]

Ta-Nehisi Coates, national correspondent for The Atlantic, grew up in the Baltimore neighborhood where this week's riots broke out. In response to all the public calls for nonviolence, Coates wrote this, When nonviolence begins halfway through the war with the aggressor calling timeout, it exposes itself as a ruse. When nonviolence is preached by the representatives of the state while the state doles out heaps of violence to its citizens, it reveals itself to be a con. Ta-Nehisi Coates joins us now.

=====McKissich Says Nonviolence Has Become Dead Philosophy=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/05/archives/mckissich-says-nonviolence-has-become-dead-philosophy.html by The New York Times 15/4/1968]

This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them.

=====Just Folks At a School For Nonviolence; School for Nonviolence Her politics are, she will concede, "all vague"=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1966/02/27/archives/just-folks-at-a-school-for-nonviolence-school-for-nonviolence-her.html by Joan Didion 27/2/1966 The New York Times]

OUTSIDE the Monterey County Courthouse in Salinas the Downtown Merchants' Christmas decorations glittered in the thin sunlight that makes the winter lettuce grow. Inside, the crowd blinked uneasily in the blinding television lights. The occasion was a meeting of the Monterey County Board of Supervisors, and the issue, on this warm afternoon before Christmas, was whether a small school in the Carmel Valley owned by Miss Joan Baez, the Institute for the Study of Nonviolence, was in violation of Section 32-C of the Monterey County Zoning Code, which prohibits land use “detrimental to the peace, morals, or general welfare of Monterey County.”

=====Occupy Wall St. nonviolence: Is Oakland the exception or the future?=====

[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2012/0131/Occupy-Wall-St.-nonviolence-Is-Oakland-the-exception-or-the-future by Gloria Goodale 31/1/12 THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR]

As Occupy groups in Washington and Oakland generate contrasting images of Dream tents on the one coast and flag burning on the other, it’s becoming clear that the four month-old protest movement is facing its Hamlet moment: to be or not to be nonviolent.

=====Ally to the End in Dr. King's Philosophy of Nonviolence=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/25/opinion/l-ally-to-the-end-in-dr-king-s-philosophy-of-nonviolence-028729.html by The New York Times 25/9/1985]

The Sept. 15 news article about transcripts of wiretapped telephone conversations of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. could lead readers to believe that in 1968 I rejected the philosophy of nonviolence as espoused by Dr. King. I did not.

=====From Occupy to Black Lives Matter: how nonviolent resistance is shaping the 2016 elections=====

[https://www.vox.com/2016/4/18/11450126/nonviolence-2016-elections by Erica Chenoweth 18/4/16 Vox]

=====MALCOLM X DISPUTES NONVIOLENCE POLICY=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1963/06/05/archives/malcolm-x-disputes-nonviolence-policy.html by The New York Times 5/6/1963]

Malcolm X, the Eastern leader of the Black Muslim movement, charged last night that the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s policy of nonviolence was "disarming" Negroes in their struggle for rights.

=====KENNEDY APPEALS FOR NONVIOLENCE; Bids Negroes in Indianapolis Follow Dr. King Example=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/05/archives/kennedy-appeals-for-nonviolence-bids-negroes-in-indianapolis-follow.html by R. W. Apple Jr. 5/4/1968]

INDIANAPOLIS, April 4—Senator Robert F. Kennedy, moved almost to tears by the death of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., told a street corner rally of Negroes tonight that they must strive for love, wisdom, understanding and compassion toward all men.

=====Nonviolence Making Quiet Gains in U.S. Despite Disorders=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/05/archives/nonviolence-making-quiet-gains-in-us-despite-disorders-nonviolence.html by John Herbers 5/4/1970 The New York Times]

HAVERFORD, Pa., April 3— Two years after the death of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., nonviolence as a tech nique for social change, al though widely rejected, is making quiet gains across the nation.

=====Why Martin Luther King Jr.’s philosophy of nonviolence matters now more than ever=====

[https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/27/us/king-center-mlk-nonviolence-strategy by Eliott C. McLaughlin 27/2/22 CNN]

The discipline made sense in the 1950s and 1960s when peaceful protesters were met by “Bull” Connor or Sheriff Jim Clark, who unleashed the full venom of law enforcement. Protesters’ nonviolent response to dogs, billy clubs and water cannons painted a necessary contrast for the North and the world: Here are the oppressors; there are the oppressed.

=====DR. KING STRESSES NONVIOLENCE ROLE; Tells Oslo Students Nations Should Try to ‘Sacrifice’ to Achieve World Peace=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/12/archives/dr-king-stresses-nonviolence-role-tells-oslo-students-nations.html by The New York Times]

The Nobel Peace Prize winner, addressing students at Oslo University, said the “freedom movement is spreading in the [widest liberation in history.” In its vanguard, he said, is the spirit of nonviolence.

=====Tag: Nonviolence=====

[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/tag/nonviolence/ by PBS]

“The lure of the political” changed Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a pastor and theologian. He prayed with the conspirators to assassinate Hitler, and he conferred blessings on the various coup attempts. Watch our interview with Charles Marsh, author of “Strange Glory: A Life of Dietrich Bonhoeffer.”

=====NON-VIOLENCE -- POWERFUL RIGHTS WEAPON=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/28/archives/nonviolence-powerful-rights-weapon.html by John Herbersspecial To the New York Times 28/2/1965 The New York Times]

JACKSON, Miss., Feb. 27— On the morning of Feb. 3, Malcolm X showed up unexpectedly in Selma, Ala., where the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was leading a non-violent movement against the area's restrictions on Negro voting. Dr. King was, by his own design, in jail.

=====Breaking news alert: People are inherently good, nonviolent=====

[https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/11/health/nonviolence-good-wisdom-project by David G. Allan 11/12/18 CNN]

It matters how you personally respond when you hear news of violence. The way you process and frame it has real mental and physical impacts.

Mass shootings, deadly hate crimes, terror, murder, gun violence and war all have their particular details, but each story revives age-old, yet urgent, questions about who we are as a species.

=====How to topple dictators and transform society=====

[https://www.vox.com/podcasts/2020/1/3/21048121/ezra-klein-erica-chenoweth-nonviolence-topple-dictators by Ezra Klein 3/1/20 Vox]

Nonviolent resistance scholar Erica Chenoweth explains the key ingredients of successful social movements.

=====A Distinguished French General Is Now a Man of Nonviolence=====

[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/29/archives/a-distinguished-french-general-is-now-a-man-of-nonviolence.html by Nan Robertson Special to The New York Times 29/8/1973 The New York Times]

Two weeks ago the Government struck General de Bollardiere from the army reserve list for actively opposing the current French atomic bomb tests in the atmosphere over Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific. The French Navy forcibly removed him from an American yacht that had gone near the forbidden nuclear site as a protest gesture.

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~~[[Tolstoy]]~~

Nonviolence: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Tolstoy]]
+[[Martin Luther King Jr]]
 =====Wikipedia Nonviolence=====
 [https://wikidemocracy.us/index.php/Nonviolence by Wikipedia]
@@ Line 223: / Line 228: @@
 [https://www.democracynow.org/2020/7/29/bernard_lafayette_john_lewis_freedom_rides by DEMOCRACY NOW 29/7/20]
   We revisit civil rights leader and Congressmember John Lewis’s early years of activism with Bernard Lafayette, one of Lewis’s closest friends and collaborators.
+=====The Power of Nonviolence: Myths and Reality=====
+[https://www.counterpunch.org/2023/05/31/the-power-of-nonviolence-myths-and-reality/ by Haley Morrow 31/5/23 COUNTERPUNCH]
+ A commonly held myth is that war concludes well with peace. In fact, conflict research shows that the losing side may accept defeat in a public-facing manner, only to fester and plot to get revenge later.
+=====Building New 'Nonviolent Cities'=====
+[https://www.commondreams.org/views/2016/03/14/building-new-nonviolent-cities by Rev. John Dear 14/3/16 Common Dreams]
+ Last year, I was invited to give a talk on peace in Carbondale, Illinois. I was surprised to discover that in recent years, activists from across Carbondale had come together with a broad vision of what their community could one day become--a nonviolent city. They wanted a new holistic approach to their work, with a positive vision for the future, so that over time, their community would be transformed into a culture of nonviolence.
+=====Yes to Assertive, No to Aggressive=====
+[https://www.counterpunch.org/2016/05/11/yes-to-assertive-no-to-aggressive/ by Tom H. Hastings 11/5/16 COUNTERPUNCH]
+ I teach and write in the field of Peace and Conflict Studies, with a special focus on strategic nonviolence. It is a rich field, growing in its scholarship and its widespread usage. I’m so enthused by this—the more we wage our conflicts with nonviolence the lower the costs.
+=====Mexican Campaign Ads: Fraternity, Nonviolence and ‘I Will Wear the Pants’=====
+[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/mexican-campaign-ads by Larisa Epatko 25/6/12 PBS]
+ One of the top contenders in Mexico’s July 1 presidential election, Josefina Vazquez Mota of the Partido Accion Nacional, or PAN, is portraying herself as tough on crime and a protector of families. “I will be a president in a skirt,” she says in a campaign ad, “but I will wear the pants.”
+=====Nonviolence in Iraq=====
+[https://www.commondreams.org/views/2008/09/21/nonviolence-iraq by Owner Account 21/9/08 common dreams]
+ "Wars are poor chisels for carving out peaceful tomorrows," Martin Luther
+King, Jr. once said. In the days after September 11, 2001, some relatives of
+those who died in the attacks took King's words to heart. They formed "September
+=====The New Nonviolence -- Stories of Civic Creation=====
+[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-new-nonviolence_b_59cfa66ee4b034ae778d4ad7 by Harry Boyte 1/10/17 HUFFPOST]
+ Though it has ancient roots in religions and earlier struggles, nonviolence as a method of large scale change was first developed by Mahatma Gandhi and his colleagues in South Africa in the early 20th century to challenge bigotry against Indians.
+=====Non-Violence Uses Love as Force=====
+[https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/02/09/non-violence-uses-love-as-force/ by Richard Moser 9/2/18 COUNTERPUNCH]
+ “Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and establish such creative tension that a community that has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored…there is a type of of constructive nonviolent tension that is necessary for growth.
+=====Nonviolence or Nonexistence=====
+[https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/05/05/nonviolence-or-nonexistence by Robert C. Koehler 5/5/19 common dreams]
+ One of the people working tirelessly to make this happen is Mel Duncan, co-founder of Nonviolent Peaceforce. Just over a month ago, he did his best to bring some peace consciousness to a House Appropriations subcommittee, in an effort to get funding for a global lifesaving program that's in place in some of the most conflict-ravaged regions of the world. It's called, simply enough, Unarmed Civilian Protection, but there's nothing simple about what it is or how it works.
+=====Buddhist Monk Thich Nhat Hanh, Hailed by MLK as “Apostle of Peace & Nonviolence,” Dies at 95=====
+[https://www.democracynow.org/2022/1/24/thich_nhat_hanh_dies_at_95 by DEMOCRACY NOW 24/1/22]
+ World-renowned Buddhist monk, poet, teacher and antiwar activist Thich Nhat Hanh has died in his native Vietnam at the age of 95. He was exiled from Vietnam for decades beginning in the 1960s after he spoke out publicly against the war. In 1966, he traveled to the United States and met with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., helping to persuade King to speak out against the U.S. War on Vietnam.
+=====A Few Things About Nonviolence: A Response to Yoav Litvin=====
+[https://www.counterpunch.org/2017/09/22/a-few-things-about-nonviolence-a-response-to-yoav-litvin/ by Andie Stewart 22/9/17 COUNTERPUNCH]
+ Yoav Litvin’s recent column, To Punch or Not to Punch – The American Left’s Existential Crisis, about nonviolence is a deeply mistaken and rather insulting piece of writing. His understanding of nonviolence is ahistorical and decontextualized. What he calls ‘nonviolence’ is not nonviolence, it is the liberal media’s false projection of nonviolence that has been created in the 50 years since the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. to function as a soft-power ideological state apparatus.
+=====Imagining the nonviolent state=====
+[https://www.vox.com/2020/6/17/21279950/nonviolence-king-gandhi-protesters-rioters-george-floyd by  Ezra Klein 17/6/20 Vox]
+ What if nonviolence wasn’t an inhuman standard demanded of the powerless, but an ethic upon which we reimagined the state?
+=====The power of nonviolence=====
+[https://aeon.co/essays/nonviolence-has-returned-from-obscurity-to-become-a-new-force by aeon]
+ No political action seems to enjoy greater moral authority than the nonviolent methods Mahatma Gandhi inaugurated more than a century ago. Gandhi’s neologism for nonviolent direct action was satyagraha, which roughly translates to ‘holding fast to truth’. While this term itself never caught on, in principle or form, nonviolent models of organising protest did. For decades, pro-democracy movements in Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe have conspicuously embraced nonviolent politics to express mass dissent and topple authoritarian governments.
+=====Why Ta-Nehisi Coates is hopeful=====
+[https://www.vox.com/2020/6/5/21279530/ta-nehisi-coates-ezra-klein-show-george-floyd-police-brutality-trump-biden by Ezra Klein 5/6/20 Vox]
+ The author of Between the World and Me on why this isn’t 1968, the Colin Kaepernick test, police abolition, nonviolence and the state, and more.
+=====Ta-Nehisi Coates Criticizes Calls For Nonviolence In Baltimore=====
+[https://www.npr.org/2015/05/01/403597684/atlantic-staffer-criticizes-calls-for-nonviolence-in-baltimore by All Things Considered 1/5/15 npr]
+ Ta-Nehisi Coates, national correspondent for The Atlantic, grew up in the Baltimore neighborhood where this week's riots broke out. In response to all the public calls for nonviolence, Coates wrote this, When nonviolence begins halfway through the war with the aggressor calling timeout, it exposes itself as a ruse. When nonviolence is preached by the representatives of the state while the state doles out heaps of violence to its citizens, it reveals itself to be a con. Ta-Nehisi Coates joins us now.
+=====McKissich Says Nonviolence Has Become Dead Philosophy=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/05/archives/mckissich-says-nonviolence-has-become-dead-philosophy.html by The New York Times 15/4/1968]
+ This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them.
+=====Just Folks At a School For Nonviolence; School for Nonviolence Her politics are, she will concede, "all vague"=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1966/02/27/archives/just-folks-at-a-school-for-nonviolence-school-for-nonviolence-her.html by Joan Didion 27/2/1966 The New York Times]
+ OUTSIDE the Monterey County Courthouse in Salinas the Downtown Merchants' Christmas decorations glittered in the thin sunlight that makes the winter lettuce grow. Inside, the crowd blinked uneasily in the blinding television lights. The occasion was a meeting of the Monterey County Board of Supervisors, and the issue, on this warm afternoon before Christmas, was whether a small school in the Carmel Valley owned by Miss Joan Baez, the Institute for the Study of Nonviolence, was in violation of Section 32-C of the Monterey County Zoning Code, which prohibits land use “detrimental to the peace, morals, or general welfare of Monterey County.”
+=====Occupy Wall St. nonviolence: Is Oakland the exception or the future?=====
+[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2012/0131/Occupy-Wall-St.-nonviolence-Is-Oakland-the-exception-or-the-future by Gloria Goodale 31/1/12 THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR]
+ As Occupy groups in Washington and Oakland generate contrasting images of Dream tents on the one coast and flag burning on the other, it’s becoming clear that the four month-old protest movement is facing its Hamlet moment: to be or not to be nonviolent.
+=====Ally to the End in Dr. King's Philosophy of Nonviolence=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/25/opinion/l-ally-to-the-end-in-dr-king-s-philosophy-of-nonviolence-028729.html by The New York Times 25/9/1985]
+ The Sept. 15 news article about transcripts of wiretapped telephone conversations of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. could lead readers to believe that in 1968 I rejected the philosophy of nonviolence as espoused by Dr. King. I did not.
+=====From Occupy to Black Lives Matter: how nonviolent resistance is shaping the 2016 elections=====
+[https://www.vox.com/2016/4/18/11450126/nonviolence-2016-elections by Erica Chenoweth 18/4/16 Vox]
+=====MALCOLM X DISPUTES NONVIOLENCE POLICY=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1963/06/05/archives/malcolm-x-disputes-nonviolence-policy.html by The New York Times 5/6/1963]
+ Malcolm X, the Eastern leader of the Black Muslim movement, charged last night that the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s policy of nonviolence was "disarming" Negroes in their struggle for rights.
+=====KENNEDY APPEALS FOR NONVIOLENCE; Bids Negroes in Indianapolis Follow Dr. King Example=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/05/archives/kennedy-appeals-for-nonviolence-bids-negroes-in-indianapolis-follow.html by R. W. Apple Jr. 5/4/1968]
+ INDIANAPOLIS, April 4—Senator Robert F. Kennedy, moved almost to tears by the death of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., told a street corner rally of Negroes tonight that they must strive for love, wisdom, understanding and compassion toward all men.
+=====Nonviolence Making Quiet Gains in U.S. Despite Disorders=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/05/archives/nonviolence-making-quiet-gains-in-us-despite-disorders-nonviolence.html by John Herbers 5/4/1970 The New York Times]
+ HAVERFORD, Pa., April 3— Two years after the death of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., nonviolence as a tech nique for social change, al though widely rejected, is making quiet gains across the nation.
+=====Why Martin Luther King Jr.’s philosophy of nonviolence matters now more than ever=====
+[https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/27/us/king-center-mlk-nonviolence-strategy by Eliott C. McLaughlin  27/2/22 CNN]
+ The discipline made sense in the 1950s and 1960s when peaceful protesters were met by “Bull” Connor or Sheriff Jim Clark, who unleashed the full venom of law enforcement. Protesters’ nonviolent response to dogs, billy clubs and water cannons painted a necessary contrast for the North and the world: Here are the oppressors; there are the oppressed.
+=====DR. KING STRESSES NONVIOLENCE ROLE; Tells Oslo Students Nations Should Try to ‘Sacrifice’ to Achieve World Peace=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/12/archives/dr-king-stresses-nonviolence-role-tells-oslo-students-nations.html by The New York Times]
+ The Nobel Peace Prize winner, addressing students at Oslo University, said the “freedom movement is spreading in the [widest liberation in history.” In its vanguard, he said, is the spirit of nonviolence.
+=====Tag: Nonviolence=====
+[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/tag/nonviolence/ by PBS]
+ “The lure of the political” changed Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a pastor and theologian. He prayed with the conspirators to assassinate Hitler, and he conferred blessings on the various coup attempts. Watch our interview with Charles Marsh, author of “Strange Glory: A Life of Dietrich Bonhoeffer.”
+=====NON-VIOLENCE -- POWERFUL RIGHTS WEAPON=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/28/archives/nonviolence-powerful-rights-weapon.html by John Herbersspecial To the New York Times 28/2/1965 The New York Times]
+ JACKSON, Miss., Feb. 27— On the morning of Feb. 3, Malcolm X showed up unexpectedly in Selma, Ala., where the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was leading a non-violent movement against the area's restrictions on Negro voting. Dr. King was, by his own design, in jail.
+=====Breaking news alert: People are inherently good, nonviolent=====
+[https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/11/health/nonviolence-good-wisdom-project by David G. Allan 11/12/18 CNN]
+ It matters how you personally respond when you hear news of violence. The way you process and frame it has real mental and physical impacts.
+Mass shootings, deadly hate crimes, terror, murder, gun violence and war all have their particular details, but each story revives age-old, yet urgent, questions about who we are as a species.
+=====How to topple dictators and transform society=====
+[https://www.vox.com/podcasts/2020/1/3/21048121/ezra-klein-erica-chenoweth-nonviolence-topple-dictators by Ezra Klein 3/1/20 Vox]
+ Nonviolent resistance scholar Erica Chenoweth explains the key ingredients of successful social movements.
+=====A Distinguished French General Is Now a Man of Nonviolence=====
+[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/29/archives/a-distinguished-french-general-is-now-a-man-of-nonviolence.html by Nan Robertson Special to The New York Times 29/8/1973 The New York Times]
+ Two weeks ago the Government struck General de Bollardiere from the army reserve list for actively opposing the current French atomic bomb tests in the atmosphere over Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific. The French Navy forcibly removed him from an American yacht that had gone near the forbidden nuclear site as a protest gesture.
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-[[Tolstoy]]