Permaculture: Difference between revisions

(49 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 1:

{{#seo:

|title=Permaculture

|description=A collection of articles about permaculture.

|keywords=vegetables, micro-farming, gardening, goats, wasteland, food, harvest, landscapes, fertilizers

|image=File:Permaculture.jpg

|image_width=300

|image_height=200}}

=====Permaculture=====

Line 241:

Line 256:

[https://www.permaculturedesignmagazine.com/what-is-permaculture by Permaculture Design]

The word “permaculture” was coined and popularized in the mid 70’s by David Holmgren, a young Australian ecologist, and his associate / professor, Bill Mollison. It is a contraction of “permanent agriculture” or “permanent culture.” Permaculture is about designing ecological human habitats and food production systems. It is a land use and community building movement which strives for the harmonious integration of human dwellings, microclimate, annual and perennial plants, animals, soils, and water into stable, productive communities. The focus is not on these elements themselves, but rather on the relationships created among them by the way we place them in the landscape. This synergy is further enhanced by mimicking patterns found in nature.

=====permaculture=====

[https://www.britannica.com/technology/permaculture by Britannica]

permaculture, worldwide holistic agricultural and land management design approach that attempts to mimic patterns found in surrounding natural ecosystems to reduce waste, prevent pollution, maximize sustainability, protect wildlife, and improve the land’s resiliency and biodiversity. In practice, permaculture aims to raise food and use the land in a supportable, nondestructive manner, and it often extends into a philosophy that prescribes a way of living. Adhering to this ethical framework can be achieved through combining several tenets of design and engineering with thoughtful land use, recycling, gardening with crop rotation and rainwater harvesting, renewable energy use, and low-impact livestock farming. Bruce Charles (“Bill”) Mollison, an Australian biogeography and environmental psychology professor, coined the term permaculture, a portmanteau of permanent and agriculture, in 1978. As of the early 21st century, permaculture was practiced by more than three million people in 140 countries.

=====What is permaculture? Definition & benefits=====

[https://plantura.garden/uk/gardening-tips/permaculture/what-is-permaculture#google_vignette by Lea PLANTURA MAGAZINE]

It is difficult to explain permaculture in just a few sentences. After all, it is a holistic and multi-layered concept of garden design and sustainable agriculture. The term permaculture is derived from the words “permanent” and “agriculture” and stands for long-term growing and land management. Permaculture is about taking natural cycles and ecosystems as a model and recreating them in the garden.

Definition of permaculture gardening: Permaculture is a form of land use modelled on natural ecosystems. This conscious design method follows the cycles, diversity, and resilience found in nature, according to Bill Mollison, the key-thinker of permaculture.

=====What is Permaculture? And How to Apply It to Your Garden=====

[https://naturespath.com/blogs/posts/what-is-permaculture?srsltid=AfmBOoqU2YexH2rm-PHLwLtMKDMNnIH20ieN9kgRPUmS7ZQwi4bAS96K by NATURE'S PATH ORGANIC 7/8/18]

Permaculture is a philosophy for a sustainable, holistic lifestyle. Ecological researcher and writer, Bill Mollison and David Holmgren coined the term in 1978. They combined the words permanent and agriculture to create permaculture as a system of ecological farming. They later changed it to permanent and culture to include the social needs of people and their housing as well. To put it simply, permaculture works with nature instead of against it. In the wild, ecosystems regenerate on their own and are self-maintaining. Permaculture practitioners observe these natural processes and recreate them on their farms or in their backyards.

=====Create your own Compost=====

[https://www.permaculture.co.uk/ by Permaculture]

PERMAYOUTH – from refugee camps to metropolises, we are a network of teenagers from all over the world. Collectively, we want to make a positive change in our communities and we’re using permaculture to do it. We believe there is a need to rapidly shift to a one-planet life, to regenerate and repair the planet and become carbon neutral by 2030. We are for teens and our allies and include guest speakers, garden tours, [PR]Activism, the Arts and workshops. Take part in our free online monthly festivals. Details: www.permayouth.org

=====Permaculture is a framework that helps people take action.=====

[https://www.permaculture.org.uk/what-is-permaculture by Permaculture Association]

The word permaculture is originally from 'permanent agriculture’ / 'permanent culture' and was coined by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, two Australians that worked together in the 1970s.

They were concerned about the damaging impacts of industrial agriculture, and after the oil crisis in 1973, also wondered what kind of agriculture could continue over the long term, after the oil had run out.

=====What is Permaculture? Designing a Resilient Garden=====

[https://www.tenthacrefarm.com/what-is-permaculture/ by Amy 31/3/25 TENTH ACRE FARM]

The original meaning was a combination of “permanent” + “agriculture”, that is to say, to design edible landscapes and food gardens so that they improve and support the local ecosystem.

Some people also identify it as a combination of “permanent” + “culture” to call out its usefulness for designing a strong culture that recognizes indigenous methods of working with land and people.

=====Cornell Garden-Based Learning=====

[https://gardening.cals.cornell.edu/lessons/gardening-in-our-warming-world-youth-grow/unit-two/exploring-sustainability/introduction-to-permaculture/ by Cornell CALS]

In this activity youth explore the basics of Permaculture philosophy, principles, and how it applies to the design of backyards, gardens, farms, and communities, and its process of healing and restoring ecological health and future climate change.

This topic builds upon Systems Thinking in Unit One and previous topics in Unit Two and will be most effective when implemented as a final activity for Units One and Two. For groups needing more background information, have participants look at the web resources and downloadable documents and illustrative posters mentioned in Learn More. Leaders will find a pre-determined landscape for the group to visit and do a “Sit Spot” site assessment, such as a public space such as a school yard or park. Someone’s backyard will work too!

=====Learn to Grow Your Own Food=====

[https://www.permaculturegardens.org/ by PERMACULTURE GARDEN]

Permaculture used to be a word coined from "permanent agriculture." It has now come to mean so much more than that! For us, it means thoughtful and holistic design based on observations of the natural world in order to bring about sustainable and abundant living.

It is sustainable design based on observation. Permaculture considers all the players and stakeholders of an ecosystem. The plants, the bugs, good and bad. The people, their pets, their homes, the community.

=====About permaculture=====

[https://holmgren.com.au/permaculture/what-is-permaculture/ by HOLMGREN DESIGN]

Permaculture as a “design system based on ecological principles” draws together the diverse skills and ways of living which need to be rediscovered and developed to empower us to move from being dependent consumers to becoming responsible producers.

In this sense, permaculture is not the landscape, or even the skills of organic gardening, sustainable farming, energy efficient building or eco-village development as such, but can be used to design, establish, manage and improve these and all other efforts made by individuals, households and communities towards a sustainable future.

=====Transforming Lives through Permaculture: A Sustainable Living Guide=====

[https://echonet.org/echo-training/permaculture-sustainable-living-guide/ by ECHO]

Permaculture offers a path to sustainable living and food production that emphasizes natural processes and cycles. It’s not just a gardening technique; it’s a philosophy and ethical framework for developing ecosystems that mimic the resilience and diversity of natural habitats. By integrating permaculture principles into our lives, we can create more sustainable, efficient, and productive systems that benefit both

=====Permaculture: A Guide to Embracing Sustainable Living=====

[https://jardinfeuillesdevie.com/permaculture/ by Permaculture]

I discovered permaculture when I was teaching Eco-Nutrition at the Canadian School of Natural Nutrition in Canada. This class outlines the importance of our environment and how our food is grown in connection to our health & well-being. Protecting and caring for our environment has been something that I have been passionate about since childhood. Like many of us, I forgot that about myself until I started reconnecting with gardening & how to grow the most nutritious, sustainable food I could for my family. I realized quite early on that permaculture connected the dots for me. It is a science-based road map to a prosperous, sustainable, healthy, and ethical future.

=====Permaculture=====

[https://permaculture.fandom.com/wiki/Permaculture by PermaWiki]

The word 'permaculture', coined by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren during the 1970s, is derived as a contraction of permanent agriculture or permanent culture. The idea of permaculture is considered among the most significant innovations developed by Australians in the century since Australian federation [1]. However like "nature", the permaculture concept evolves with time, making it difficult to define. For example, consider the words of Bill Mollison,

=====So What is Permaculture Exactly?=====

[https://vergepermaculture.ca/what-is-permaculture/ by VERGE]

Permaculture stands out from other farming methods like organic or sustainable agriculture due to its ethics, which promote responsibility towards each other and the earth. These ethics guide us towards a sustainable coexistence with the global community and the environment, countering individualism and indifference.

=====Permaculture Farming: The Ultimate Guide and Example=====

[https://grocycle.com/permaculture-farming/ by GroCycle]

If you’re looking for a way to produce food while working with nature instead of against it, permaculture is your answer.

What is permaculture farming? Permaculture gives farmers a way to achieve high yields and productivity while doing it in a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly way than conventional farming methods. It applies a more holistic approach to farming crops or livestock.

=====What is Permaculture Gardening? 9 Permaculture Practices=====

[https://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/permaculture-practices-zm0z17jjzsor/ by Jessi Bloom 4/12/24 MOTHER EARTH NEWS]

We’re all stewards of the land, blessed to be living here, and it’s our critical responsibility to make sure we honor the natural resources that help us live. Permaculture design provides a great toolkit for doing this, and it can also help simplify your life and make your landscape more resilient. Practicing permaculture can be fun and rewarding on many levels.

=====The Permaculture Association is the UK’s leading charity providing nature based solutions.=====

[https://www.permaculture.org.uk/ by Permaculture Association]

Join as a regular member to transform your house and garden and access our extensive project support materials and online forum. Join as a professional to showcase your education, design or consultancy experience to others and share learning with other educators and designers.

Be a friend of the Permaculture Association! Donate or provide funds to help increase our reach and impact.

=====What is permaculture? A definitive FAQ for newbie permies in 2023 (with awesome illustrations!)=====

[https://www.ecodesignhive.com/what-is-permaculture/ by Heather Jo Flores ecodesignhive]

To navigate the practical and theoretical sides of permaculture, a core set of ethics guides the practice. There are three primary principles: Earth Care, emphasizing the protection and renewal of natural resources; People Care, which nurtures individual and community well-being; and a variation of Fair Share, advocating for equitable resource distribution and surplus sharing. Alternate interpretations of the Fair Share ethic range from “Limits to Growth and Consumption,” proposed by Mollison, to “Careful Process” by Bloom and Boehnlein, “Future Care” by Harland, and more.

=====How to Start a Permaculture Garden in 8 Steps=====

[https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-start-a-permaculture-garden by MasterClass 7/6/21]

Permaculture is a sustainable design system focused on forming a harmonious, mutually beneficial relationship between people, plants, animals, and soil. The term “permaculture” was first coined in 1978 by Australian ecologist David Holmgren and environmental psychology professor Bill Mollison as a portmanteau of "permanent agriculture," and it has since evolved to also connote "permanent culture." Permaculturists aim to design agriculture landscapes that sustain themselves indefinitely by regenerating fertility. Permaculture uses ecology as the principal foundation for designing unified natural systems of food production and human habitats.

=====What is Permaculture?=====

[https://www.rawwine.com/learn/what-is-permaculture/ by Mark Garrett 4/4/13 RAW WINE]

The most important thing to remember is that there is no one single permaculture: different contexts, and different scenarios, will necessarily mean different permacultures. You could have a permaculture that uses organic principles, a permaculture that uses biodynamic principles, or a permaculture that doesn’t label itself as any one thing in particular. Instead permaculture is just ‘a way of seeing’ or ‘a way of looking at’ agriculture so that you think about processes and design systems in such a way that what you set up is self-sustaining and self-sufficient.

=====Plant Your Own Permaculture Garden With These 12 Tips=====

[https://www.bhg.com/what-is-a-permaculture-garden-7775333 by Lauren Landers 19/11/25 Better Homes & Gardens]

What is a permaculture garden, and how can you include the principles of permaculture in your landscape? A portmanteau of the words "permanent" and "agriculture," permaculture is a design philosophy and practice that focuses on sustainability and working in harmony with the ecosystem. The idea is to create diverse, productive landscapes and agricultural systems that are as resilient as natural ones.

=====Environmental Anthropology Engaging Permaculture: Moving Theory and Practice Toward Sustainability=====

[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1556-486X.2008.00007.x by James R. Veteto, Joshua Lockyer 11/11/08 WILEY.Online Library]

Using a variety of theoretical rubrics, recent work in ecological and environmental anthropology has revealed that human–environment interactions within the context of global capitalism are complex and have increasingly unjust and unsustainable outcomes. As globalization proceeds and associated socio-environmental problems become clear, it is important that ecological and environmental anthropologists use empirical research to develop both theoretical and practical approaches to addressing the sustainability challenge. We suggest that an anthropological engagement with permaculture represents an especially timely opportunity for anthropologists to move toward sustainability in ways that complement and enable us to extend our traditional areas of theoretical and practical expertise. Permaculture is a development strategy that has a history of grassroots application, but it has been largely ignored by mainstream development practitioners and anthropologists alike.

=====Permaculture enhances carbon stocks, soil quality and biodiversity in Central Europe=====

[https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01405-8 by Julius Reiff 4/7/24 commuications earth & environment]

Permaculture is proposed as a tool to design and manage agroecological systems in response to the pressing environmental challenges of soil degradation, climate change and biodiversity loss. However, scientific evidence on the effects of permaculture is still scarce. In this comprehensive study on a wide range of soil and biodiversity indicators, we examined nine farms utilizing permaculture and paired control fields with locally predominant agriculture in Central Europe. We found 27% higher soil carbon stocks on permaculture sites than on control fields, while soil bulk density was 20% lower and earthworm abundance was 201% higher. Moreover, concentrations of various soil macro- and micronutrients were higher on permaculture sites indicating better conditions for crop production. Species richness of vascular plants, earthworms and birds was 457%, 77% and 197% higher on permaculture sites, respectively. Our results suggest permaculture as effective tool for the redesign of farming systems towards environmental sustainability.

=====Marine permaculture: Design principles for productive seascapes=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332224000344 by Scott Spillias 15/3/24 ScienceDirect]

Expanding production in the ocean is expected to help address many challenges of the 21st century, from climate change to food insecurity. However, already declining ocean health and the legacy of socio-ecological harms from conventional agricultural practices on land suggest that a non-conventional approach to marine cultivation will be required. We explore marine permaculture as a possible system-design framework for future ocean stewardship that could lead to enhanced production alongside positive ecological and social outcomes. On land, permaculture has taken root as a framework for designing socio-ecological systems that seek to be productive, resilient, and equitable in the long term. Here, we imagine how permaculture’s design principles and ethics might manifest in the ocean and describe how it dovetails with recent scientific advances in ocean technologies and governance. Further developing and implementing marine permaculture could enable the realization of productive seascapes that avoid undermining progress toward sustainable development.

=====Institutional entrepreneurship and permaculture: A practice theory perspective=====

[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bse.2708 by Marfuga Iskandarova 5/1/21 WILEY.Online Library]

Permaculture is a growing but little researched phenomenon emphasising care for the environment, equity, fair treatment of people and working with—and not against—nature. It thus represents a potential alternative to business as usual, capable of addressing fundamental challenges posed by human-made climate change. The paper examines a previously ignored site of entrepreneurship by taking a practice perspective, exploring connections between the practice and growth of permaculture and institutional entrepreneurship. It assesses practice-related and institutional factors affecting the start-up and operation of permaculture enterprises in the United Kingdom. The study maps and surveys UK Permaculture Association members who have started up their own business and reports on qualitative data from personal interviews with twenty of them. Data analysis employs NVivo software and involves thematic analysis pertaining to the practice, institutional biographies and institutional portfolios of permaculture entrepreneurs.

=====Incorporating permaculture and strategic management for sustainable ecological resource management=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479716302225 by Faiza Akhtar 1/9/16 ScienceDirect]

Utilization of natural assets to the best efficient level without changing natural balance has become a critical issue for researchers as awareness on climate change takes central position in global debate. Conventional sustainable resource management systems are based on neoclassical economic approach that ignores the nature's pattern and therefore are not actually capable of sustainable management of resources. Environmentalists are lately advocating incorporation of Permaculture as holistic approach based on ethics, equitable interaction with eco-systems to obtain sustainability. The paper integrates philosophy of permaculture with strategic management frameworks to develop a pragmatic tool for policy development. The policy design tool augments management tasks by integrating recording of natural assets, monitoring of key performance indicators and integration of sectorial policies in real time, bringing out policy as a truly live document. The tool enhances the edifice process, balancing short term viewpoints and long term development to secure renewability of natural resources.

=====Permaculture found to be a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture=====

[https://phys.org/news/2024-07-permaculture-sustainable-alternative-conventional-agriculture.html#google_vignette by Kerstin Theilmann, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau 4/7/24 PHYS ORG]

Permaculture uses natural cycles and ecosystems as blueprint. Food is produced in an agricultural ecosystem that is as self-regulating, natural and diverse as possible. For example, livestock farming is integrated into the cultivation of crops or the diversity of beneficial organisms is promoted in order to avoid the use of mineral fertilizers or pesticides.

=====A permaculture primer: Using eco-theory to promote knowledge acquisition, dissemination and use in the sales organization=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019850117302900 by Ronald Jelinek 8/17 ScienceDirect]

Responding to evidence in Dixon and Adamson's (2011) “Challenger Sale” that the sales management system employed by most of today's sales organizations failed to detect and respond to significant changes in the sales environment years ago, this research examines the concept of sales system sustainability. Borrowing from the field of eco-science where the concept of sustainability has been largely developed, this theoretical research introduces Holmgren's (2002) permaculture principles to the sales literature and offers a conceptual application of these principles in the context of industrial selling. It posits that application of these principles will aid the sales organization's acquisition, dissemination and application of knowledge, effectively positioning the organization for greater endurance and sustainability going forward. In addition to offering managerial implications throughout, this paper concludes by providing a road map for future research inquiry.

=====Options for Sustainability in Building and Energy: A South African Permaculture Case Study=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610215028398 by Elizabeth May Kruger 12/15 ScienceDirect]

Sustainability of human economies and the environments that we inhabit as part of a globalized society have been debated at least since the 1970s, and solutions to the currently destructive effects on the planet of our economies and behaviours have been sought across the spectrum, from government agencies, NGOs, to the private sector and civil society alike. This paper brings to light one case study that provides some clues to opportunities and challenges for sustainability in energy and building from a permaculture project located in a semi-arid permaculture project in the Western Cape province in South Africa, in the context of South African housing and energy policy that recognizes sustainability in principle but in practice still leaves much room for the implementation of sustainability goals.

=====Revisiting sustainable systems and methods in agriculture=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/permaculture by ScienceDirect]

Permaculture is an international movement and ecological design system, focusing on how perennial agricultural systems can imitate natural ecosystems. It is a system of sustainable agriculture in which all the architecture, hydrology, and agriculture components, including people, animals, natural resources, the land, and the wider environment, can coexist permanently (Holmgren, 2018). Permaculture uses a variety of cultivation techniques, based on traditional methods combined with new research results to optimize productivity in the land, water, nutrients, sunlight, and working hours (Krebs and Bach, 2018). In other words, permaculture designers look to ecosystems and seek to incorporate their self-sustaining nature into human environments. The permaculture system aims to reduce the waste of resources and create increased production efficiency. In permaculture system, polyculture and full-time succession planting are used.

=====Permaculture movement found lacking in diversity=====

[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160608120736.htm by 8/6/16 ScienceDaily]

Permaculture is a grassroots movement whose participants attempt to live in a sustainable way, taking inspiration from natural ecosystems to “live off the land.” For example, permaculture enthusiasts may grow seasonal organic produce fertilized with manure from livestock raised on their own land, rather than bringing in synthetic fertilizers or annual crop seeds from elsewhere. The idea is to rely as much as possible on perennial crops, to recycle and reuse materials, and reduce waste.

=====Effects of Permaculture Practices on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Organic Matter Distribution in Aggregates: A Case Study of the Bec-Hellouin Farm (France)=====

[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00116/full by Felix de Tombeur1 29/10/18 frontiers]

The limitations of conventional agriculture have accelerated the need for a transition to an environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural model. In this regard, the role played by soil organic matter (SOM) is key. Here, we aimed to study the impact of permaculture and biointensive micro-gardening practices, characterized by intensive cultivation, the use of large and localized organic inputs and the non-use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, on soil physicochemical properties and SOM distribution in aggregate-size fractions. The physicochemical properties of soils in permaculture farming implemented for 7 years were compared with a soil under pasture. A soil experiencing conventional agriculture practices in similar geopedoclimatic conditions was simultaneously studied. Soils were separated into four aggregate-size fractions, into which organic carbon (OC) concentrations have been measured. The major soil physicochemical properties were measured on the bulk soils.

=====Time Bank and Sustainability: The Permaculture Approach=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042813029194 by Lukáš Válek 10/10/13 ScienceDirect]

The paper aims to find a new approach to include interesting phenomena of time banking (a system of time complementary currency) into the current economy. The time banks have been in existence for almost three decades for now, but their existence is often powered only by good will of enthusiasts and they suffer from the lack of real institutional support. During their existence the time banks proven to be not only very valuable support to local economies, but as well to social development of a society where they are implemented. Basic problem appears to be created by reluctance of national economies to accept time banking concept as viable support to social system or include it directly. It probably looks to be too utopistic and suspiciously not profit-based to be understood by rigid monetary-based economies.

=====Institutional entrepreneurship and permaculture: A practice theory perspective=====

[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bse.2708 by Audley Genus 5/1/21 WILEY. Online Library]

Permaculture is a growing but little researched phenomenon emphasising care for the environment, equity, fair treatment of people and working with—and not against—nature. It thus represents a potential alternative to business as usual, capable of addressing fundamental challenges posed by human-made climate change. The paper examines a previously ignored site of entrepreneurship by taking a practice perspective, exploring connections between the practice and growth of permaculture and institutional entrepreneurship. It assesses practice-related and institutional factors affecting the start-up and operation of permaculture enterprises in the United Kingdom. The study maps and surveys UK Permaculture Association members who have started up their own business and reports on qualitative data from personal interviews with twenty of them.

=====From awareness to action: insights from European academics on the integration of permaculture in management education=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472811725000801 by Florian Ulm 12/25 ScienceDirect]

The study addresses a rather unexplored potential of permaculture, a holistic design system based on sustainable practices, to transform business and management education. It investigates academics’ current levels of knowledge and understanding of permaculture concepts and their willingness to integrate its ethics and design principles into teaching practice. A descriptive survey was conducted among academics in five European countries. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, correspondence analysis, and text mining techniques have revealed limited formal knowledge yet strong interest in the integration of permaculture, especially among trained individuals. To address this, a pedagogical intervention is proposed, in the form of a capacity-building programme that fosters permaculture-inspired teaching aligned with key sustainability competencies.

=====Exploring innovation for sustainable agriculture: A systematic case study of permaculture in Nepal=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023031067 by Shubh Pravat Singh Yadav 5/23 ScienceDirect]

As the adverse consequences of the industrial/modern agricultural framework, which encompasses high-input agrarian production and intensive cultivation, are increasing, an alternative is essential. Permaculture is a bunch of sustainable practices that incorporate an assortment of components and promote comprehensive and multi-polycultures including perennial plants, high degrees of biodiversity, crop-animal integration, whole watershed management, and self-sustaining on-site energy production, all of which straightforwardly affect the sustainable approach and promote ecological parameters.

=====A permaculture primer: Using eco-theory to promote knowledge acquisition, dissemination and use in the sales organization=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019850117302900 by Ronald Jelinek 8/17 ScienceDirect]

Responding to evidence in Dixon and Adamson's (2011) “Challenger Sale” that the sales management system employed by most of today's sales organizations failed to detect and respond to significant changes in the sales environment years ago, this research examines the concept of sales system sustainability. Borrowing from the field of eco-science where the concept of sustainability has been largely developed, this theoretical research introduces Holmgren's (2002) permaculture principles to the sales literature and offers a conceptual application of these principles in the context of industrial selling. It posits that application of these principles will aid the sales organization's acquisition, dissemination and application of knowledge, effectively positioning the organization for greater endurance and sustainability going forward. In addition to offering managerial implications throughout, this paper concludes by providing a road map for future research inquiry.

=====The problem is the solution: Can permaculture management regenerate social economy enterprises?=====

[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/apce.12278 by Alexandrine Lapoutte 26/6/20 WILEY Online Library]

We consider the degeneration of social economy enterprises (SEEs) and develop a thesis that SEE regeneration may be inspired by living systems. Within the paradigm of living organizations, we propose an approach inspired by permaculture. This study's purpose is to understand how SEEs might apply permaculture principles for their regeneration. We identify the main degeneration issues in SEEs. We then present the permaculture approach through its theoretical background, application to living organizations, and core design principles. Finally, we show how permaculture relates to management models appropriate for alternative organizations, and we underline specific links with degeneration issues in SEEs. We make a theoretical contribution by binding two distinct conversations: permaculture management and SEE degeneration. This work also provides an original framework for future empirical research.

=====UMass Amherst student-led permaculture gardens serve as model for sustainable agriculture=====

[https://phys.org/news/2019-03-umass-amherst-student-led-permaculture-gardens.html#google_vignette by University of Massachusetts Amherst 20/3/19 PHYS ORG]

The Climate Hubs' mission is to develop science-based information and technologies, specific to different regions of the country, that lead to climate-informed decisions. The information helps farmers, ranchers, forest landowners, resource managers and rural communities manage risks associated with climate and weather. UMass Amherst is part of the Northeast Climate Hub, which partnered with the University of Delaware to create the web-based interactive media.

=====The role of permaculture in the integration of indigenous and modern agricultural knowledge: Evidence from Konso, Ethiopia=====

[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sd.2483 by Tariku Sagoya Gashute 20/12/22 WILEY Online Library]

The modern and indigenous agricultural knowledge have own strength and deficiencies. The modern agriculture with its technological advents has the capability for boosting production. However, it has environmentally hostile externalities. On the other hand, IK of agriculture is nature friendly and organic in its production. However, it is slow to meet the growing need for food because of demographic stress and emerging preferences. Therefore, both sides need innovative responses to capitalize on their strength and avoid limitations. One of the alternatives is to integrate the two systems. Based on this rationale, this study explored the integrative role of permaculture in bridging indigenous and modern agricultural knowledge. Purposive sampling was applied for the selection of the research area and participants. The research approach followed was qualitative. Interview, FGD and observation were used for data collection.

=====How To Decolonize The Permaculture Movement=====

[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/how-to-decolonize-the-per_b_14501784 by Tobias Roberts 31/1/17 HUFFPOST]

After a good deal of reflection, I want to focus now on how to rescue the permaculture movement; how to save it from some of its most disturbing and troubling tendencies. I believe that permaculture does have a lot to offer to peasant and agrarian communities around the world, so I humbly offer these ideas and suggestions not as a judgement; but rather in the hopes that permaculture can become relevant and practically applicable to the majority of small farmers around the world.

=====How Permaculture Offers a Path to Climate Justice=====

[https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/11/19/how-permaculture-offers-a-path-to-climate-justice/ by Christina Ergas 19/11/21 COUNTERPUNCH]

Permaculture’s three main tenets – caring for the Earth, caring for the people and sharing the surplus – offer a potential path toward climate justice, which is a response to well-researched phenomena that climate change disproportionately harms underprivileged groups in economic, public health and other ways, and solutions to climate change should include adaptation strategies designed specifically for underprivileged groups.I spent time at two communities in the Pacific Northwest and in Cuba during the fieldwork for my book “Surviving Collapse.” I witnessed how the communities worked to cut emissions and adapt to climate change in two ways: with egalitarian social organization and regenerative farming techniques.

=====Permaculture as a Gringo Movement=====

[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/permaculture-as-a-gringo_b_9753212 by Tobias Roberts 27/4/17 HUFFPOST]

I have a friend from Central America who is a diehard advocate for all things organic. He eats organic, grows organic, and dedicates his time to working with small farmers across the region to help them incorporate more environmentally friendly production practices. I once asked him about what inspired the work to which he has dedicated his life. He mentioned first the ancestral agricultural practices of his Mayan ancestors but went on to mention more current sources such as the agroecology movement, biodynamics, traditional organic gardening, amongst others. When I asked him about the permaculture movement however, he laughed scornfully and remarked: "Permaculture isn´t anything but a movement of gringo hippies who are pretending to be farmers."

=====Permaculture Poised to Conquer the Caribbean=====

[https://www.commondreams.org/news/2014/05/23/permaculture-poised-conquer-caribbean by Mark Olalde 23/5/14 Common Dreams]

Erle Rahaman-Noronha is not a revolutionary, not in any radical sense at least. He is not even that exciting. In truth, Rahaman-Noronha is merely a man with a shovel, a small farm, and a big dream. But that dream is poised to conquer the Caribbean.

Rahaman-Noronha wants to see ‘permaculture’ - short for permanent agriculture - take root and spreads across the Caribbean, and he is doing his part by teaching anyone who will listen about its benefits.

=====Young Kenyan Sees Permaculture Seeding Peace=====

[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/young-kenyan-sees-permaculture-seeding-peace_b_7968578 by MEL SELLICK 6/12/17 HUFFPOST]

This was one of the first things Yongo Otieno Wycliffe said to me, peering through a smeared video image with bare, yellowed walls towering behind him. I was impressed by how, at only age 23, his wisdom spoke loudest against the stark background.

=====Permaculture Action Course With Lucidity Festival 2015=====

[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/permaculture-action-cours_b_7022820 by Morena Duwe 8/4/15 HUFFPOST]

In addition to all that Lucidity has to offer, they are also taking part in the educational program, Permaculture Action Course. The permaculture movement is growing quickly and has a very strong presence in the transformational festival community. Permaculture is a type of environmental design that is modeled by the paradigm of natural ecosystems. It boasts sustainability through architecture, habitat and agriculture by utilizing more waste and wasting less. Inspired by The Polish Ambassador's successful "Pushing Through The Pavement Tour," this education program is revolutionizing the way the world lives.

=====Climate Crisis: Permaculture, a road map to climate resilience=====

[https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2023/7/10/2180339/-Climate-Crisis-Permaculture-A-road-map-to-climate-resilience by Gardening Toad 10/7/23 DAILY KOS]

“Permaculture is the conscious design and maintenance of agriculturally productive ecosystems which have the diversity, stability, and resilience of natural ecosystems. It is the harmonious integration of landscape and people — providing their food, energy, shelter, and other material and non-material needs in a sustainable way.” Permaculture A Designers Manual by Bill Mollison

=====What the Heck Is Permaculture?=====

[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-the-heck-is-permacul_b_323106 by Linda Buzzell 25/5/11 HUFFPOST]

Permaculture is an ecological design system based on deep observation of nature, and can be applied to gardens, farms, landscapes, homes and also to "invisible systems" like communities, economies, societies, our psyches and even our spiritual practices. It's a path towards sustainable living that is patterned on the way nature works, and can be applied in rural, suburban and urban areas.

=====Teen Solidarity Against the Merchants of Death=====

[https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/03/05/teen-solidarity-against-the-merchants-of-death/ by Kathy Kelly 5/3/18 COUNTERPUNCH]

Here in Kabul, as the rising sun begins to warm our chilly rooms, I hear excited laughter from downstairs. Rosemary Morrow, a renowned Australian permaculture expert, has begun teaching thirty-five young students in a month-long course on low-resource farming.

=====The Chemical-Free Food Movement Turning Dusty Land Into Fertile Paradise=====

[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/permaculture-food-sustainable-productive_n_5b8e3618e4b0162f47266755 by John Vidal 5/9/18 HUFFPOST]

Kristof and Stacia Nordin’s 3.7-acre garden outside Lilongwe, in Malawi, is a food forest. Mango trees grow beside tall tamarinds, acacia, guavas, passion fruit and coconut palms. Below them are lemon and orange trees, tomatoes, blackjack, maize, and cassava. The ground is thick with pineapples and watermelon, and decomposing leaves and other plants cover a rich soil growing yams and sweet potatoes.

Permaculture: Difference between revisions

Lilly (talk | contribs)

Navigation menu

Page actions

Page actions

Personal tools

Navigation

Search

Tools

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{#seo:
+|title=Permaculture
+|description=A collection of articles about permaculture.
+|keywords=vegetables, micro-farming, gardening, goats, wasteland, food, harvest, landscapes, fertilizers
+|image=File:Permaculture.jpg
+|image_width=300
+|image_height=200}}
 =====Permaculture=====
@@ Line 241: / Line 256: @@
 [https://www.permaculturedesignmagazine.com/what-is-permaculture by Permaculture Design]
   The word “permaculture” was coined and popularized in the mid 70’s by David Holmgren, a young Australian ecologist, and his associate / professor, Bill Mollison.  It is a contraction of “permanent agriculture” or “permanent culture.” Permaculture is about designing ecological human habitats and food production systems. It is a land use and community building movement which strives for the harmonious integration of human dwellings, microclimate, annual and perennial plants, animals, soils, and water into stable, productive communities. The focus is not on these elements themselves, but rather on the relationships created among them by the way we place them in the landscape. This synergy is further enhanced by mimicking patterns found in nature.
+=====permaculture=====
+[https://www.britannica.com/technology/permaculture by Britannica]
+ permaculture, worldwide holistic agricultural and land management design approach that attempts to mimic patterns found in surrounding natural ecosystems to reduce waste, prevent pollution, maximize sustainability, protect wildlife, and improve the land’s resiliency and biodiversity. In practice, permaculture aims to raise food and use the land in a supportable, nondestructive manner, and it often extends into a philosophy that prescribes a way of living. Adhering to this ethical framework can be achieved through combining several tenets of design and engineering with thoughtful land use, recycling, gardening with crop rotation and rainwater harvesting, renewable energy use, and low-impact livestock farming. Bruce Charles (“Bill”) Mollison, an Australian biogeography and environmental psychology professor, coined the term permaculture, a portmanteau of permanent and agriculture, in 1978. As of the early 21st century, permaculture was practiced by more than three million people in 140 countries.
+=====What is permaculture? Definition & benefits=====
+[https://plantura.garden/uk/gardening-tips/permaculture/what-is-permaculture#google_vignette by Lea PLANTURA MAGAZINE]
+ It is difficult to explain permaculture in just a few sentences. After all, it is a holistic and multi-layered concept of garden design and sustainable agriculture. The term permaculture is derived from the words “permanent” and “agriculture” and stands for long-term growing and land management. Permaculture is about taking natural cycles and ecosystems as a model and recreating them in the garden.
+Definition of permaculture gardening: Permaculture is a form of land use modelled on natural ecosystems. This conscious design method follows the cycles, diversity, and resilience found in nature, according to Bill Mollison, the key-thinker of permaculture.
+=====What is Permaculture? And How to Apply It to Your Garden=====
+[https://naturespath.com/blogs/posts/what-is-permaculture?srsltid=AfmBOoqU2YexH2rm-PHLwLtMKDMNnIH20ieN9kgRPUmS7ZQwi4bAS96K by NATURE'S PATH ORGANIC 7/8/18]
+ Permaculture is a philosophy for a sustainable, holistic lifestyle. Ecological researcher and writer, Bill Mollison and David Holmgren coined the term in 1978. They combined the words permanent and agriculture to create permaculture as a system of ecological farming. They later changed it to permanent and culture to include the social needs of people and their housing as well. To put it simply, permaculture works with nature instead of against it. In the wild, ecosystems regenerate on their own and are self-maintaining. Permaculture practitioners observe these natural processes and recreate them on their farms or in their backyards.
+=====Create your own Compost=====
+[https://www.permaculture.co.uk/ by Permaculture]
+ PERMAYOUTH – from refugee camps to metropolises, we are a network of teenagers from all over the world. Collectively, we want to make a positive change in our communities and we’re using permaculture to do it. We believe there is a need to rapidly shift to a one-planet life, to regenerate and repair the planet and become carbon neutral by 2030. We are for teens and our allies and include guest speakers, garden tours, [PR]Activism, the Arts and workshops. Take part in our free online monthly festivals. Details: www.permayouth.org
+=====Permaculture is a framework that helps people take action.=====
+[https://www.permaculture.org.uk/what-is-permaculture by Permaculture Association]
+ The word permaculture is originally from 'permanent agriculture’ / 'permanent culture' and was coined by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, two Australians that worked together in the 1970s.
+They were concerned about the damaging impacts of industrial agriculture, and after the oil crisis in 1973, also wondered what kind of agriculture could continue over the long term, after the oil had run out.
+=====What is Permaculture? Designing a Resilient Garden=====
+[https://www.tenthacrefarm.com/what-is-permaculture/ by Amy 31/3/25 TENTH ACRE FARM]
+ The original meaning was a combination of “permanent” + “agriculture”, that is to say, to design edible landscapes and food gardens so that they improve and support the local ecosystem.
+Some people also identify it as a combination of “permanent” + “culture” to call out its usefulness for designing a strong culture that recognizes indigenous methods of working with land and people.
+=====Cornell Garden-Based Learning=====
+[https://gardening.cals.cornell.edu/lessons/gardening-in-our-warming-world-youth-grow/unit-two/exploring-sustainability/introduction-to-permaculture/ by Cornell CALS]
+ In this activity youth explore the basics of Permaculture philosophy, principles, and how it applies to the design of backyards, gardens, farms, and communities, and its process of healing and restoring ecological health and future climate change.
+This topic builds upon Systems Thinking in Unit One and previous topics in Unit Two and will be most effective when implemented as a final activity for Units One and Two. For groups needing more background information, have participants look at the web resources and downloadable documents and illustrative posters mentioned in Learn More. Leaders will find a pre-determined landscape for the group to visit and do a “Sit Spot” site assessment, such as a public space such as a school yard or park. Someone’s backyard will work too!
+=====Learn to Grow Your Own Food=====
+[https://www.permaculturegardens.org/ by PERMACULTURE GARDEN]
+ Permaculture used to be a word coined from "permanent agriculture." It has now come to mean so much more than that! For us, it means thoughtful and holistic design based on observations of the natural world in order to bring about sustainable and abundant living.
+It is sustainable design based on observation. Permaculture considers all the players and stakeholders of an ecosystem. The plants, the bugs, good and bad. The people, their pets, their homes, the community.
+=====About permaculture=====
+[https://holmgren.com.au/permaculture/what-is-permaculture/ by HOLMGREN DESIGN]
+ Permaculture as a “design system based on ecological principles” draws together the diverse skills and ways of living which need to be rediscovered and developed to empower us to move from being dependent consumers to becoming responsible producers.
+In this sense, permaculture is not the landscape, or even the skills of organic gardening, sustainable farming, energy efficient building or eco-village development as such, but can be used to design, establish, manage and improve these and all other efforts made by individuals, households and communities towards a sustainable future.
+=====Transforming Lives through Permaculture: A Sustainable Living Guide=====
+[https://echonet.org/echo-training/permaculture-sustainable-living-guide/ by ECHO]
+ Permaculture offers a path to sustainable living and food production that emphasizes natural processes and cycles. It’s not just a gardening technique; it’s a philosophy and ethical framework for developing ecosystems that mimic the resilience and diversity of natural habitats. By integrating permaculture principles into our lives, we can create more sustainable, efficient, and productive systems that benefit both
+=====Permaculture: A Guide to Embracing Sustainable Living=====
+[https://jardinfeuillesdevie.com/permaculture/ by Permaculture]
+ I discovered permaculture when I was teaching Eco-Nutrition at the Canadian School of Natural Nutrition in Canada. This class outlines the importance of our environment and how our food is grown in connection to our health & well-being. Protecting and caring for our environment has been something that I have been passionate about since childhood. Like many of us, I forgot that about myself until I started reconnecting with gardening & how to grow the most nutritious, sustainable food I could for my family. I realized quite early on that permaculture connected the dots for me. It is a science-based road map to a prosperous, sustainable, healthy, and ethical future.
+=====Permaculture=====
+[https://permaculture.fandom.com/wiki/Permaculture by PermaWiki]
+ The word 'permaculture', coined by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren during the 1970s, is derived as a contraction of permanent agriculture or permanent culture. The idea of permaculture is considered among the most significant innovations developed by Australians in the century since Australian federation [1]. However like "nature", the permaculture concept evolves with time, making it difficult to define. For example, consider the words of Bill Mollison,
+=====So What is Permaculture Exactly?=====
+[https://vergepermaculture.ca/what-is-permaculture/ by VERGE]
+ Permaculture stands out from other farming methods like organic or sustainable agriculture due to its ethics, which promote responsibility towards each other and the earth. These ethics guide us towards a sustainable coexistence with the global community and the environment, countering individualism and indifference.
+=====Permaculture Farming: The Ultimate Guide and Example=====
+[https://grocycle.com/permaculture-farming/ by GroCycle]
+ If you’re looking for a way to produce food while working with nature instead of against it, permaculture is your answer.
+What is permaculture farming? Permaculture gives farmers a way to achieve high yields and productivity while doing it in a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly way than conventional farming methods. It applies a more holistic approach to farming crops or livestock.
+=====What is Permaculture Gardening? 9 Permaculture Practices=====
+[https://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/permaculture-practices-zm0z17jjzsor/ by Jessi Bloom 4/12/24 MOTHER EARTH NEWS]
+ We’re all stewards of the land, blessed to be living here, and it’s our critical responsibility to make sure we honor the natural resources that help us live. Permaculture design provides a great toolkit for doing this, and it can also help simplify your life and make your landscape more resilient. Practicing permaculture can be fun and rewarding on many levels.
+=====The Permaculture Association is the UK’s leading charity providing nature based solutions.=====
+[https://www.permaculture.org.uk/ by Permaculture Association]
+ Join as a regular member to transform your house and garden and access our extensive project support materials and online forum. Join as a professional to showcase your education, design or consultancy experience to others and share learning with other educators and designers.
+Be a friend of the Permaculture Association! Donate or provide funds to help increase our reach and impact.
+=====What is permaculture? A definitive FAQ for newbie permies in 2023 (with awesome illustrations!)=====
+[https://www.ecodesignhive.com/what-is-permaculture/ by Heather Jo Flores ecodesignhive]
+ To navigate the practical and theoretical sides of permaculture, a core set of ethics guides the practice. There are three primary principles: Earth Care, emphasizing the protection and renewal of natural resources; People Care, which nurtures individual and community well-being; and a variation of Fair Share, advocating for equitable resource distribution and surplus sharing. Alternate interpretations of the Fair Share ethic range from “Limits to Growth and Consumption,” proposed by Mollison, to “Careful Process” by Bloom and Boehnlein, “Future Care” by Harland, and more.
+=====How to Start a Permaculture Garden in 8 Steps=====
+[https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-start-a-permaculture-garden by MasterClass 7/6/21]
+ Permaculture is a sustainable design system focused on forming a harmonious, mutually beneficial relationship between people, plants, animals, and soil. The term “permaculture” was first coined in 1978 by Australian ecologist David Holmgren and environmental psychology professor Bill Mollison as a portmanteau of "permanent agriculture," and it has since evolved to also connote "permanent culture." Permaculturists aim to design agriculture landscapes that sustain themselves indefinitely by regenerating fertility. Permaculture uses ecology as the principal foundation for designing unified natural systems of food production and human habitats.
+=====What is Permaculture?=====
+[https://www.rawwine.com/learn/what-is-permaculture/ by Mark Garrett 4/4/13 RAW WINE]
+ The most important thing to remember is that there is no one single permaculture: different contexts, and different scenarios, will necessarily mean different permacultures. You could have a permaculture that uses organic principles, a permaculture that uses biodynamic principles, or a permaculture that doesn’t label itself as any one thing in particular. Instead permaculture is just ‘a way of seeing’ or ‘a way of looking at’ agriculture so that you think about processes and design systems in such a way that what you set up is self-sustaining and self-sufficient.
+=====Plant Your Own Permaculture Garden With These 12 Tips=====
+[https://www.bhg.com/what-is-a-permaculture-garden-7775333 by Lauren Landers 19/11/25 Better Homes & Gardens]
+ What is a permaculture garden, and how can you include the principles of permaculture in your landscape? A portmanteau of the words "permanent" and "agriculture," permaculture is a design philosophy and practice that focuses on sustainability and working in harmony with the ecosystem. The idea is to create diverse, productive landscapes and agricultural systems that are as resilient as natural ones.
+=====Environmental Anthropology Engaging Permaculture: Moving Theory and Practice Toward Sustainability=====
+[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1556-486X.2008.00007.x by James R. Veteto, Joshua Lockyer 11/11/08 WILEY.Online Library]
+ Using a variety of theoretical rubrics, recent work in ecological and environmental anthropology has revealed that human–environment interactions within the context of global capitalism are complex and have increasingly unjust and unsustainable outcomes. As globalization proceeds and associated socio-environmental problems become clear, it is important that ecological and environmental anthropologists use empirical research to develop both theoretical and practical approaches to addressing the sustainability challenge. We suggest that an anthropological engagement with permaculture represents an especially timely opportunity for anthropologists to move toward sustainability in ways that complement and enable us to extend our traditional areas of theoretical and practical expertise. Permaculture is a development strategy that has a history of grassroots application, but it has been largely ignored by mainstream development practitioners and anthropologists alike.
+=====Permaculture enhances carbon stocks, soil quality and biodiversity in Central Europe=====
+[https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01405-8 by Julius Reiff 4/7/24 commuications earth & environment]
+ Permaculture is proposed as a tool to design and manage agroecological systems in response to the pressing environmental challenges of soil degradation, climate change and biodiversity loss. However, scientific evidence on the effects of permaculture is still scarce. In this comprehensive study on a wide range of soil and biodiversity indicators, we examined nine farms utilizing permaculture and paired control fields with locally predominant agriculture in Central Europe. We found 27% higher soil carbon stocks on permaculture sites than on control fields, while soil bulk density was 20% lower and earthworm abundance was 201% higher. Moreover, concentrations of various soil macro- and micronutrients were higher on permaculture sites indicating better conditions for crop production. Species richness of vascular plants, earthworms and birds was 457%, 77% and 197% higher on permaculture sites, respectively. Our results suggest permaculture as effective tool for the redesign of farming systems towards environmental sustainability.
+=====Marine permaculture: Design principles for productive seascapes=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332224000344 by Scott Spillias  15/3/24 ScienceDirect]
+ Expanding production in the ocean is expected to help address many challenges of the 21st century, from climate change to food insecurity. However, already declining ocean health and the legacy of socio-ecological harms from conventional agricultural practices on land suggest that a non-conventional approach to marine cultivation will be required. We explore marine permaculture as a possible system-design framework for future ocean stewardship that could lead to enhanced production alongside positive ecological and social outcomes. On land, permaculture has taken root as a framework for designing socio-ecological systems that seek to be productive, resilient, and equitable in the long term. Here, we imagine how permaculture’s design principles and ethics might manifest in the ocean and describe how it dovetails with recent scientific advances in ocean technologies and governance. Further developing and implementing marine permaculture could enable the realization of productive seascapes that avoid undermining progress toward sustainable development.
+=====Institutional entrepreneurship and permaculture: A practice theory perspective=====
+[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bse.2708 by Marfuga Iskandarova 5/1/21 WILEY.Online Library]
+ Permaculture is a growing but little researched phenomenon emphasising care for the environment, equity, fair treatment of people and working with—and not against—nature. It thus represents a potential alternative to business as usual, capable of addressing fundamental challenges posed by human-made climate change. The paper examines a previously ignored site of entrepreneurship by taking a practice perspective, exploring connections between the practice and growth of permaculture and institutional entrepreneurship. It assesses practice-related and institutional factors affecting the start-up and operation of permaculture enterprises in the United Kingdom. The study maps and surveys UK Permaculture Association members who have started up their own business and reports on qualitative data from personal interviews with twenty of them. Data analysis employs NVivo software and involves thematic analysis pertaining to the practice, institutional biographies and institutional portfolios of permaculture entrepreneurs.
+=====Incorporating permaculture and strategic management for sustainable ecological resource management=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479716302225 by Faiza Akhtar 1/9/16 ScienceDirect]
+ Utilization of natural assets to the best efficient level without changing natural balance has become a critical issue for researchers as awareness on climate change takes central position in global debate. Conventional sustainable resource management systems are based on neoclassical economic approach that ignores the nature's pattern and therefore are not actually capable of sustainable management of resources. Environmentalists are lately advocating incorporation of Permaculture as holistic approach based on ethics, equitable interaction with eco-systems to obtain sustainability. The paper integrates philosophy of permaculture with strategic management frameworks to develop a pragmatic tool for policy development. The policy design tool augments management tasks by integrating recording of natural assets, monitoring of key performance indicators and integration of sectorial policies in real time, bringing out policy as a truly live document. The tool enhances the edifice process, balancing short term viewpoints and long term development to secure renewability of natural resources.
+=====Permaculture found to be a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture=====
+[https://phys.org/news/2024-07-permaculture-sustainable-alternative-conventional-agriculture.html#google_vignette by Kerstin Theilmann, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau 4/7/24 PHYS ORG]
+ Permaculture uses natural cycles and ecosystems as blueprint. Food is produced in an agricultural ecosystem that is as self-regulating, natural and diverse as possible. For example, livestock farming is integrated into the cultivation of crops or the diversity of beneficial organisms is promoted in order to avoid the use of mineral fertilizers or pesticides.
+=====A permaculture primer: Using eco-theory to promote knowledge acquisition, dissemination and use in the sales organization=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019850117302900 by Ronald Jelinek 8/17 ScienceDirect]
+ Responding to evidence in Dixon and Adamson's (2011) “Challenger Sale” that the sales management system employed by most of today's sales organizations failed to detect and respond to significant changes in the sales environment years ago, this research examines the concept of sales system sustainability. Borrowing from the field of eco-science where the concept of sustainability has been largely developed, this theoretical research introduces Holmgren's (2002) permaculture principles to the sales literature and offers a conceptual application of these principles in the context of industrial selling. It posits that application of these principles will aid the sales organization's acquisition, dissemination and application of knowledge, effectively positioning the organization for greater endurance and sustainability going forward. In addition to offering managerial implications throughout, this paper concludes by providing a road map for future research inquiry.
+=====Options for Sustainability in Building and Energy: A South African Permaculture Case Study=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610215028398 by Elizabeth May Kruger 12/15 ScienceDirect]
+ Sustainability of human economies and the environments that we inhabit as part of a globalized society have been debated at least since the 1970s, and solutions to the currently destructive effects on the planet of our economies and behaviours have been sought across the spectrum, from government agencies, NGOs, to the private sector and civil society alike. This paper brings to light one case study that provides some clues to opportunities and challenges for sustainability in energy and building from a permaculture project located in a semi-arid permaculture project in the Western Cape province in South Africa, in the context of South African housing and energy policy that recognizes sustainability in principle but in practice still leaves much room for the implementation of sustainability goals.
+=====Revisiting sustainable systems and methods in agriculture=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/permaculture by ScienceDirect]
+ Permaculture is an international movement and ecological design system, focusing on how perennial agricultural systems can imitate natural ecosystems. It is a system of sustainable agriculture in which all the architecture, hydrology, and agriculture components, including people, animals, natural resources, the land, and the wider environment, can coexist permanently (Holmgren, 2018). Permaculture uses a variety of cultivation techniques, based on traditional methods combined with new research results to optimize productivity in the land, water, nutrients, sunlight, and working hours (Krebs and Bach, 2018). In other words, permaculture designers look to ecosystems and seek to incorporate their self-sustaining nature into human environments. The permaculture system aims to reduce the waste of resources and create increased production efficiency. In permaculture system, polyculture and full-time succession planting are used.
+=====Permaculture movement found lacking in diversity=====
+[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160608120736.htm by 8/6/16 ScienceDaily]
+ Permaculture is a grassroots movement whose participants attempt to live in a sustainable way, taking inspiration from natural ecosystems to “live off the land.” For example, permaculture enthusiasts may grow seasonal organic produce fertilized with manure from livestock raised on their own land, rather than bringing in synthetic fertilizers or annual crop seeds from elsewhere. The idea is to rely as much as possible on perennial crops, to recycle and reuse materials, and reduce waste.
+=====Effects of Permaculture Practices on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Organic Matter Distribution in Aggregates: A Case Study of the Bec-Hellouin Farm (France)=====
+[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00116/full by Felix de Tombeur1 29/10/18 frontiers]
+ The limitations of conventional agriculture have accelerated the need for a transition to an environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural model. In this regard, the role played by soil organic matter (SOM) is key. Here, we aimed to study the impact of permaculture and biointensive micro-gardening practices, characterized by intensive cultivation, the use of large and localized organic inputs and the non-use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, on soil physicochemical properties and SOM distribution in aggregate-size fractions. The physicochemical properties of soils in permaculture farming implemented for 7 years were compared with a soil under pasture. A soil experiencing conventional agriculture practices in similar geopedoclimatic conditions was simultaneously studied. Soils were separated into four aggregate-size fractions, into which organic carbon (OC) concentrations have been measured. The major soil physicochemical properties were measured on the bulk soils.
+=====Time Bank and Sustainability: The Permaculture Approach=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042813029194 by Lukáš Válek 10/10/13 ScienceDirect]
+ The paper aims to find a new approach to include interesting phenomena of time banking (a system of time complementary currency) into the current economy. The time banks have been in existence for almost three decades for now, but their existence is often powered only by good will of enthusiasts and they suffer from the lack of real institutional support. During their existence the time banks proven to be not only very valuable support to local economies, but as well to social development of a society where they are implemented. Basic problem appears to be created by reluctance of national economies to accept time banking concept as viable support to social system or include it directly. It probably looks to be too utopistic and suspiciously not profit-based to be understood by rigid monetary-based economies.
+=====Institutional entrepreneurship and permaculture: A practice theory perspective=====
+[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bse.2708 by Audley Genus 5/1/21 WILEY. Online Library]
+ Permaculture is a growing but little researched phenomenon emphasising care for the environment, equity, fair treatment of people and working with—and not against—nature. It thus represents a potential alternative to business as usual, capable of addressing fundamental challenges posed by human-made climate change. The paper examines a previously ignored site of entrepreneurship by taking a practice perspective, exploring connections between the practice and growth of permaculture and institutional entrepreneurship. It assesses practice-related and institutional factors affecting the start-up and operation of permaculture enterprises in the United Kingdom. The study maps and surveys UK Permaculture Association members who have started up their own business and reports on qualitative data from personal interviews with twenty of them.
+=====From awareness to action: insights from European academics on the integration of permaculture in management education=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472811725000801 by Florian Ulm 12/25 ScienceDirect]
+ The study addresses a rather unexplored potential of permaculture, a holistic design system based on sustainable practices, to transform business and management education. It investigates academics’ current levels of knowledge and understanding of permaculture concepts and their willingness to integrate its ethics and design principles into teaching practice. A descriptive survey was conducted among academics in five European countries. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, correspondence analysis, and text mining techniques have revealed limited formal knowledge yet strong interest in the integration of permaculture, especially among trained individuals. To address this, a pedagogical intervention is proposed, in the form of a capacity-building programme that fosters permaculture-inspired teaching aligned with key sustainability competencies.
+=====Exploring innovation for sustainable agriculture: A systematic case study of permaculture in Nepal=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023031067 by Shubh Pravat Singh Yadav 5/23 ScienceDirect]
+ As the adverse consequences of the industrial/modern agricultural framework, which encompasses high-input agrarian production and intensive cultivation, are increasing, an alternative is essential. Permaculture is a bunch of sustainable practices that incorporate an assortment of components and promote comprehensive and multi-polycultures including perennial plants, high degrees of biodiversity, crop-animal integration, whole watershed management, and self-sustaining on-site energy production, all of which straightforwardly affect the sustainable approach and promote ecological parameters.
+=====A permaculture primer: Using eco-theory to promote knowledge acquisition, dissemination and use in the sales organization=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019850117302900 by Ronald Jelinek 8/17 ScienceDirect]
+ Responding to evidence in Dixon and Adamson's (2011) “Challenger Sale” that the sales management system employed by most of today's sales organizations failed to detect and respond to significant changes in the sales environment years ago, this research examines the concept of sales system sustainability. Borrowing from the field of eco-science where the concept of sustainability has been largely developed, this theoretical research introduces Holmgren's (2002) permaculture principles to the sales literature and offers a conceptual application of these principles in the context of industrial selling. It posits that application of these principles will aid the sales organization's acquisition, dissemination and application of knowledge, effectively positioning the organization for greater endurance and sustainability going forward. In addition to offering managerial implications throughout, this paper concludes by providing a road map for future research inquiry.
+=====The problem is the solution: Can permaculture management regenerate social economy enterprises?=====
+[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/apce.12278 by Alexandrine Lapoutte 26/6/20 WILEY Online Library]
+ We consider the degeneration of social economy enterprises (SEEs) and develop a thesis that SEE regeneration may be inspired by living systems. Within the paradigm of living organizations, we propose an approach inspired by permaculture. This study's purpose is to understand how SEEs might apply permaculture principles for their regeneration. We identify the main degeneration issues in SEEs. We then present the permaculture approach through its theoretical background, application to living organizations, and core design principles. Finally, we show how permaculture relates to management models appropriate for alternative organizations, and we underline specific links with degeneration issues in SEEs. We make a theoretical contribution by binding two distinct conversations: permaculture management and SEE degeneration. This work also provides an original framework for future empirical research.
+=====UMass Amherst student-led permaculture gardens serve as model for sustainable agriculture=====
+[https://phys.org/news/2019-03-umass-amherst-student-led-permaculture-gardens.html#google_vignette by University of Massachusetts Amherst 20/3/19 PHYS ORG]
+ The Climate Hubs' mission is to develop science-based information and technologies, specific to different regions of the country, that lead to climate-informed decisions. The information helps farmers, ranchers, forest landowners, resource managers and rural communities manage risks associated with climate and weather. UMass Amherst is part of the Northeast Climate Hub, which partnered with the University of Delaware to create the web-based interactive media.
+=====The role of permaculture in the integration of indigenous and modern agricultural knowledge: Evidence from Konso, Ethiopia=====
+[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sd.2483 by Tariku Sagoya Gashute 20/12/22 WILEY Online Library]
+ The modern and indigenous agricultural knowledge have own strength and deficiencies. The modern agriculture with its technological advents has the capability for boosting production. However, it has environmentally hostile externalities. On the other hand, IK of agriculture is nature friendly and organic in its production. However, it is slow to meet the growing need for food because of demographic stress and emerging preferences. Therefore, both sides need innovative responses to capitalize on their strength and avoid limitations. One of the alternatives is to integrate the two systems. Based on this rationale, this study explored the integrative role of permaculture in bridging indigenous and modern agricultural knowledge. Purposive sampling was applied for the selection of the research area and participants. The research approach followed was qualitative. Interview, FGD and observation were used for data collection.
+=====How To Decolonize The Permaculture Movement=====
+[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/how-to-decolonize-the-per_b_14501784 by Tobias Roberts 31/1/17 HUFFPOST]
+ After a good deal of reflection, I want to focus now on how to rescue the permaculture movement; how to save it from some of its most disturbing and troubling tendencies. I believe that permaculture does have a lot to offer to peasant and agrarian communities around the world, so I humbly offer these ideas and suggestions not as a judgement; but rather in the hopes that permaculture can become relevant and practically applicable to the majority of small farmers around the world.
+=====How Permaculture Offers a Path to Climate Justice=====
+[https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/11/19/how-permaculture-offers-a-path-to-climate-justice/ by Christina Ergas 19/11/21 COUNTERPUNCH]
+ Permaculture’s three main tenets – caring for the Earth, caring for the people and sharing the surplus – offer a potential path toward climate justice, which is a response to well-researched phenomena that climate change disproportionately harms underprivileged groups in economic, public health and other ways, and solutions to climate change should include adaptation strategies designed specifically for underprivileged groups.I spent time at two communities in the Pacific Northwest and in Cuba during the fieldwork for my book “Surviving Collapse.” I witnessed how the communities worked to cut emissions and adapt to climate change in two ways: with egalitarian social organization and regenerative farming techniques.
+=====Permaculture as a Gringo Movement=====
+[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/permaculture-as-a-gringo_b_9753212 by Tobias Roberts 27/4/17 HUFFPOST]
+ I have a friend from Central America who is a diehard advocate for all things organic. He eats organic, grows organic, and dedicates his time to working with small farmers across the region to help them incorporate more environmentally friendly production practices. I once asked him about what inspired the work to which he has dedicated his life. He mentioned first the ancestral agricultural practices of his Mayan ancestors but went on to mention more current sources such as the agroecology movement, biodynamics, traditional organic gardening, amongst others. When I asked him about the permaculture movement however, he laughed scornfully and remarked: "Permaculture isn´t anything but a movement of gringo hippies who are pretending to be farmers."
+=====Permaculture Poised to Conquer the Caribbean=====
+[https://www.commondreams.org/news/2014/05/23/permaculture-poised-conquer-caribbean by Mark Olalde 23/5/14 Common Dreams]
+ Erle Rahaman-Noronha is not a revolutionary, not in any radical sense at least. He is not even that exciting. In truth, Rahaman-Noronha is merely a man with a shovel, a small farm, and a big dream. But that dream is poised to conquer the Caribbean.
+Rahaman-Noronha wants to see ‘permaculture’ - short for permanent agriculture - take root and spreads across the Caribbean, and he is doing his part by teaching anyone who will listen about its benefits.
+=====Young Kenyan Sees Permaculture Seeding Peace=====
+[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/young-kenyan-sees-permaculture-seeding-peace_b_7968578 by MEL SELLICK 6/12/17 HUFFPOST]
+ This was one of the first things Yongo Otieno Wycliffe said to me, peering through a smeared video image with bare, yellowed walls towering behind him. I was impressed by how, at only age 23, his wisdom spoke loudest against the stark background.
+=====Permaculture Action Course With Lucidity Festival 2015=====
+[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/permaculture-action-cours_b_7022820 by Morena Duwe 8/4/15 HUFFPOST]
+ In addition to all that Lucidity has to offer, they are also taking part in the educational program, Permaculture Action Course. The permaculture movement is growing quickly and has a very strong presence in the transformational festival community. Permaculture is a type of environmental design that is modeled by the paradigm of natural ecosystems. It boasts sustainability through architecture, habitat and agriculture by utilizing more waste and wasting less. Inspired by The Polish Ambassador's successful "Pushing Through The Pavement Tour," this education program is revolutionizing the way the world lives.
+=====Climate Crisis: Permaculture, a road map to climate resilience=====
+[https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2023/7/10/2180339/-Climate-Crisis-Permaculture-A-road-map-to-climate-resilience by Gardening Toad 10/7/23 DAILY KOS]
+ “Permaculture is the conscious design and maintenance of agriculturally productive ecosystems which have the diversity, stability, and resilience of natural ecosystems. It is the harmonious integration of landscape and people — providing their food, energy, shelter, and other material and non-material needs in a sustainable way.”  Permaculture A Designers Manual by Bill Mollison
+=====What the Heck Is Permaculture?=====
+[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-the-heck-is-permacul_b_323106 by Linda Buzzell 25/5/11 HUFFPOST]
+ Permaculture is an ecological design system based on deep observation of nature, and can be applied to gardens, farms, landscapes, homes and also to "invisible systems" like communities, economies, societies, our psyches and even our spiritual practices. It's a path towards sustainable living that is patterned on the way nature works, and can be applied in rural, suburban and urban areas.
+=====Teen Solidarity Against the Merchants of Death=====
+[https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/03/05/teen-solidarity-against-the-merchants-of-death/ by Kathy Kelly 5/3/18 COUNTERPUNCH]
+ Here in Kabul, as the rising sun begins to warm our chilly rooms, I hear excited laughter from downstairs. Rosemary Morrow, a renowned Australian permaculture expert, has begun teaching thirty-five young students in a month-long course on low-resource farming.
+=====The Chemical-Free Food Movement Turning Dusty Land Into Fertile Paradise=====
+[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/permaculture-food-sustainable-productive_n_5b8e3618e4b0162f47266755 by John Vidal 5/9/18 HUFFPOST]
+ Kristof and Stacia Nordin’s 3.7-acre garden outside Lilongwe, in Malawi, is a food forest. Mango trees grow beside tall tamarinds, acacia, guavas, passion fruit and coconut palms. Below them are lemon and orange trees, tomatoes, blackjack, maize, and cassava. The ground is thick with pineapples and watermelon, and decomposing leaves and other plants cover a rich soil growing yams and sweet potatoes.