Japanese American Incarceration: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
==Photos and Imagery==
=== Forced Removal and Registration ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:San_Francisco,_Calif.,_Apr._1942_-_residents_of_Japanese_ancestry_registering_for_evacuation_and_housing,_later,_in_War_Relocation_Authority_centers_for_duration_of_the_war_(LOC).jpg | Japanese American residents registering for removal in San Francisco | Dorothea Lange / Library of Congress | April 1942 | Public domain]
Japanese American residents wait to register before being forcibly removed from San Francisco under wartime exclusion orders.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayward,_California._These_people_of_Japanese_ancestry_are_awaiting_the_special_bus_which_will_take_._._._-_NARA_-_537522.jpg | Japanese American families awaiting a bus in Hayward | Dorothea Lange / National Archives | May 8, 1942 | Public domain]
Families wait with identification tags and luggage for transportation to the Tanforan Assembly Center.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_the_Shibuya_Family_in_Mountain_View,_California_-_NARA_-_536037.jpg | The Shibuya family before forced removal | National Archives | April 18, 1942 | Public domain]
A family portrait taken at the Shibuya home in Mountain View shortly before the family was forcibly removed.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Posted_Japanese_American_Exclusion_Order.jpg | Posted Japanese American exclusion order | National Park Service | 1942 | Public domain]
A civilian exclusion order publicly announces the forced removal of people of Japanese ancestry from a designated military area.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanrelocationwwii.jpg | Japanese American family awaiting removal | Dorothea Lange / War Relocation Authority | 1942 | Public domain]
A mother and child wait with their belongings as Japanese American families are processed for forced removal.
=== Temporary Detention Centers ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_American_Internment_Center.jpg | Mess-hall line at Tanforan Assembly Center | Dorothea Lange / National Archives | April 29, 1942 | Public domain]
Newly arrived incarcerees line up outside the only operating mess hall at the converted Tanforan racetrack.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_internment_detainees.jpg | Japanese American detainees at an assembly center | United States government | 1942 | Public domain]
Japanese American men, women, and children appear together while confined at a temporary detention facility.
=== Manzanar: Living Conditions and Environment ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Dust_Storm_at_Manzanar_War_Relocation_Authority_Center,_07-03-1942_-_NARA_-_539961.jpg | Dust storm at Manzanar | National Archives | July 3, 1942 | Public domain]
A severe dust storm engulfs the barracks at Manzanar, illustrating the difficult environmental conditions experienced by incarcerees.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_fields_(19450450870).jpg | Agricultural fields at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Incarcerated Japanese Americans cultivated agricultural fields in the dry landscape surrounding Manzanar.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_birds_on_wire_00162ua.jpg | Birds perched on wire at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Birds resting on wire create an evocative visual contrast between freedom and imprisonment.
[https://www.loc.gov/collections/ansel-adams-manzanar/ | Ansel Adams’s Manzanar Photographs | Library of Congress | 1943–1944 | No known restrictions]
More than 200 photographs portray Manzanar residents, families, workers, students, agricultural activities, sports, and the surrounding landscape.
=== Children and Education ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JapaneseAmericansChildrenPledgingAllegiance1942.jpg | Japanese American children pledging allegiance | Dorothea Lange / United States government | April 1942 | Public domain]
Japanese American schoolchildren pledge allegiance to the United States shortly before families in their community were forcibly removed.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JapaneseAmericansChildrenPledgingAllegiance1942-2.jpg | Children at Raphael Weill Public School | Dorothea Lange / United States government | April 1942 | Public domain]
Children of Japanese ancestry participate in a school flag ceremony in San Francisco as exclusion and removal were beginning.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Child_internee_in_First_Grade_geography_class_at_Topaz_War_Relocation_Center_on_3_December_1943,_Globus_im_Geographieunterricht_(cropped).jpg | First-grade student at Topaz | United States government | December 3, 1943 | Public domain]
A young incarceree studies a globe during a geography lesson at the Topaz incarceration camp.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg | Geography class at Topaz | United States government | December 3, 1943 | Public domain]
Japanese American children attend a classroom lesson while imprisoned at Topaz.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_school_children_00153u.jpg | Schoolchildren at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
A group of Japanese American children attend school inside the Manzanar incarceration camp.
[https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/111008 | Main library at Manzanar | Dorothea Lange / War Relocation Authority | July 1, 1942 | Public domain]
An incarcerated librarian works in Manzanar’s library, whose entire collection consisted of donated books.
=== Community Life and Recreation ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_Baseball_Ansel_Adams.jpg | Baseball game at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Japanese American incarcerees play baseball, one of the recreational activities organized to create community life under confinement.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ansel_Adams,_Baseball_game_at_Manzanar,_1943.jpg | Baseball players at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Players and spectators participate in an organized baseball game inside the camp.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_calisthenics_0016u.jpg | Women exercising at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Japanese American women participate in an outdoor calisthenics class at Manzanar.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AnselAdamscrochet.jpg | Mrs. Dennis Shimizu crocheting at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Mrs. Dennis Shimizu works on a crochet project, documenting an ordinary domestic activity within the incarceration camp.
=== Camp Journalism and Communication ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_Free_Press.jpg | Manzanar Free Press office | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Incarcerated journalists work on the camp newspaper that reported community events and communicated information to Manzanar residents.
[https://www.loc.gov/collections/japanese-american-internment-camp-newspapers/ | Japanese American camp newspapers | Library of Congress | 1942–1946 | Public domain or no known restrictions]
Digitized newspapers contain photographs, illustrations, advertisements, cartoons, and page designs created within the incarceration camps.
=== Minidoka ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eden,_Idaho._A_panorama_view_of_the_Minidoka_War_Relocation_Authority_center._This_view_taken_from_._._._-_NARA_-_538299.jpg | Panoramic view of Minidoka | National Archives | 1943 | Public domain]
A panoramic photograph shows rows of barracks and the isolated landscape surrounding the Minidoka incarceration camp.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barracks-group-shot1.jpg | Japanese American incarcerees at Minidoka | United States government | 1940s | Public domain]
A group of incarcerees poses beside the barracks at Minidoka.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miin_entrance_station.jpg | Minidoka entrance station | National Park Service | n.d. | Public domain]
The reconstructed entrance station identifies the historic site where thousands of Japanese Americans were confined.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mini_honor_roll_j9CB-983A.jpg | Minidoka Honor Roll | National Park Service | n.d. | Public domain]
The honor roll commemorates Japanese Americans connected to Minidoka who served in the United States military while their families were incarcerated.
=== Maps and Overview Images ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_World_War_II_Japanese_American_internment_camps.jpg | Map of Japanese American incarceration sites | National Park Service | n.d. | Public domain]
A national map identifies the major incarceration camps and other detention facilities used during World War II.
[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002696085/ | Forced Removal and Incarceration Photograph Collection | War Relocation Authority / Library of Congress | 1942–1945 | No known restrictions]
A large photographic collection covers removal, transportation, assembly centers, incarceration camps, institutional life, work, education, and resettlement.
[https://www.archives.gov/news/topics/japanese-american-internment | Japanese American Incarceration Photographs and Records | National Archives | n.d. | Public domain for federal works]
A central portal to thousands of federal photographs, films, documents, and other records relating to Japanese American incarceration.
__TOC__
__TOC__




Line 607: Line 494:
[https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1379/2010-grant-project-summaries.htm | Stories Less Told: Oral Histories of Japanese American Incarceration | National Park Service | n.d.]
[https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1379/2010-grant-project-summaries.htm | Stories Less Told: Oral Histories of Japanese American Incarceration | National Park Service | n.d.]
  Describes oral-history projects created to preserve underrepresented accounts from women, dissidents, Kibei, Department of Justice detainees, camp employees, and non-Japanese American witnesses.
  Describes oral-history projects created to preserve underrepresented accounts from women, dissidents, Kibei, Department of Justice detainees, camp employees, and non-Japanese American witnesses.
__NOTOC__
==Photos and Imagery==
=== Forced Removal and Registration ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:San_Francisco,_Calif.,_Apr._1942_-_residents_of_Japanese_ancestry_registering_for_evacuation_and_housing,_later,_in_War_Relocation_Authority_centers_for_duration_of_the_war_(LOC).jpg | Japanese American residents registering for removal in San Francisco | Dorothea Lange / Library of Congress | April 1942 | Public domain]
Japanese American residents wait to register before being forcibly removed from San Francisco under wartime exclusion orders.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayward,_California._These_people_of_Japanese_ancestry_are_awaiting_the_special_bus_which_will_take_._._._-_NARA_-_537522.jpg | Japanese American families awaiting a bus in Hayward | Dorothea Lange / National Archives | May 8, 1942 | Public domain]
Families wait with identification tags and luggage for transportation to the Tanforan Assembly Center.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_the_Shibuya_Family_in_Mountain_View,_California_-_NARA_-_536037.jpg | The Shibuya family before forced removal | National Archives | April 18, 1942 | Public domain]
A family portrait taken at the Shibuya home in Mountain View shortly before the family was forcibly removed.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Posted_Japanese_American_Exclusion_Order.jpg | Posted Japanese American exclusion order | National Park Service | 1942 | Public domain]
A civilian exclusion order publicly announces the forced removal of people of Japanese ancestry from a designated military area.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanrelocationwwii.jpg | Japanese American family awaiting removal | Dorothea Lange / War Relocation Authority | 1942 | Public domain]
A mother and child wait with their belongings as Japanese American families are processed for forced removal.
=== Temporary Detention Centers ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_American_Internment_Center.jpg | Mess-hall line at Tanforan Assembly Center | Dorothea Lange / National Archives | April 29, 1942 | Public domain]
Newly arrived incarcerees line up outside the only operating mess hall at the converted Tanforan racetrack.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_internment_detainees.jpg | Japanese American detainees at an assembly center | United States government | 1942 | Public domain]
Japanese American men, women, and children appear together while confined at a temporary detention facility.
=== Manzanar: Living Conditions and Environment ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Dust_Storm_at_Manzanar_War_Relocation_Authority_Center,_07-03-1942_-_NARA_-_539961.jpg | Dust storm at Manzanar | National Archives | July 3, 1942 | Public domain]
A severe dust storm engulfs the barracks at Manzanar, illustrating the difficult environmental conditions experienced by incarcerees.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_fields_(19450450870).jpg | Agricultural fields at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Incarcerated Japanese Americans cultivated agricultural fields in the dry landscape surrounding Manzanar.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_birds_on_wire_00162ua.jpg | Birds perched on wire at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Birds resting on wire create an evocative visual contrast between freedom and imprisonment.
[https://www.loc.gov/collections/ansel-adams-manzanar/ | Ansel Adams’s Manzanar Photographs | Library of Congress | 1943–1944 | No known restrictions]
More than 200 photographs portray Manzanar residents, families, workers, students, agricultural activities, sports, and the surrounding landscape.
=== Children and Education ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JapaneseAmericansChildrenPledgingAllegiance1942.jpg | Japanese American children pledging allegiance | Dorothea Lange / United States government | April 1942 | Public domain]
Japanese American schoolchildren pledge allegiance to the United States shortly before families in their community were forcibly removed.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JapaneseAmericansChildrenPledgingAllegiance1942-2.jpg | Children at Raphael Weill Public School | Dorothea Lange / United States government | April 1942 | Public domain]
Children of Japanese ancestry participate in a school flag ceremony in San Francisco as exclusion and removal were beginning.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Child_internee_in_First_Grade_geography_class_at_Topaz_War_Relocation_Center_on_3_December_1943,_Globus_im_Geographieunterricht_(cropped).jpg | First-grade student at Topaz | United States government | December 3, 1943 | Public domain]
A young incarceree studies a globe during a geography lesson at the Topaz incarceration camp.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Globus_im_Geographieunterricht.jpg | Geography class at Topaz | United States government | December 3, 1943 | Public domain]
Japanese American children attend a classroom lesson while imprisoned at Topaz.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_school_children_00153u.jpg | Schoolchildren at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
A group of Japanese American children attend school inside the Manzanar incarceration camp.
[https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/111008 | Main library at Manzanar | Dorothea Lange / War Relocation Authority | July 1, 1942 | Public domain]
An incarcerated librarian works in Manzanar’s library, whose entire collection consisted of donated books.
=== Community Life and Recreation ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_Baseball_Ansel_Adams.jpg | Baseball game at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Japanese American incarcerees play baseball, one of the recreational activities organized to create community life under confinement.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ansel_Adams,_Baseball_game_at_Manzanar,_1943.jpg | Baseball players at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Players and spectators participate in an organized baseball game inside the camp.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_calisthenics_0016u.jpg | Women exercising at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Japanese American women participate in an outdoor calisthenics class at Manzanar.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AnselAdamscrochet.jpg | Mrs. Dennis Shimizu crocheting at Manzanar | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Mrs. Dennis Shimizu works on a crochet project, documenting an ordinary domestic activity within the incarceration camp.
=== Camp Journalism and Communication ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manzanar_Free_Press.jpg | Manzanar Free Press office | Ansel Adams / Library of Congress | 1943 | No known restrictions]
Incarcerated journalists work on the camp newspaper that reported community events and communicated information to Manzanar residents.
[https://www.loc.gov/collections/japanese-american-internment-camp-newspapers/ | Japanese American camp newspapers | Library of Congress | 1942–1946 | Public domain or no known restrictions]
Digitized newspapers contain photographs, illustrations, advertisements, cartoons, and page designs created within the incarceration camps.
=== Minidoka ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eden,_Idaho._A_panorama_view_of_the_Minidoka_War_Relocation_Authority_center._This_view_taken_from_._._._-_NARA_-_538299.jpg | Panoramic view of Minidoka | National Archives | 1943 | Public domain]
A panoramic photograph shows rows of barracks and the isolated landscape surrounding the Minidoka incarceration camp.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barracks-group-shot1.jpg | Japanese American incarcerees at Minidoka | United States government | 1940s | Public domain]
A group of incarcerees poses beside the barracks at Minidoka.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miin_entrance_station.jpg | Minidoka entrance station | National Park Service | n.d. | Public domain]
The reconstructed entrance station identifies the historic site where thousands of Japanese Americans were confined.
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mini_honor_roll_j9CB-983A.jpg | Minidoka Honor Roll | National Park Service | n.d. | Public domain]
The honor roll commemorates Japanese Americans connected to Minidoka who served in the United States military while their families were incarcerated.
=== Maps and Overview Images ===
[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_World_War_II_Japanese_American_internment_camps.jpg | Map of Japanese American incarceration sites | National Park Service | n.d. | Public domain]
A national map identifies the major incarceration camps and other detention facilities used during World War II.
[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002696085/ | Forced Removal and Incarceration Photograph Collection | War Relocation Authority / Library of Congress | 1942–1945 | No known restrictions]
A large photographic collection covers removal, transportation, assembly centers, incarceration camps, institutional life, work, education, and resettlement.
[https://www.archives.gov/news/topics/japanese-american-internment | Japanese American Incarceration Photographs and Records | National Archives | n.d. | Public domain for federal works]
A central portal to thousands of federal photographs, films, documents, and other records relating to Japanese American incarceration.
Retrieved from "https://wikidemocracy.us/wiki/Japanese_American_Incarceration"