Community gardens and nutrition: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "=====Community Gardening Increases Vegetable Intake and Seasonal Eating===== [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10196338/ | K. Alaimo et al. | PMC | 2023] This study connects community gardening with higher vegetable intake, stronger seasonal food habits, and greater access to fresh produce, showing why gardens can be practical nutrition tools in neighborhoods with limited healthy food options. =====Impact of a Community Gardening Project on Vegetable Intake, Fo..."
 
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==Research and Evidence==
=====Research and Benefits of Community Gardens=====
[https://nccommunitygardens.ces.ncsu.edu/resources-3/nccommunitygardens-research/ | NC State Extension | North Carolina Community Gardens | 2025]
This research summary gathers evidence that community gardeners consume fruits and vegetables more often than non-gardeners and may be more likely to meet intake recommendations.
=====A Systematic Review of Community Gardens and Food Access=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-01628-5 | F.F. Huq et al. | Springer | 2025]
This review finds that community gardens can improve food access, urban resilience, and community well-being while warning that policy support and equitable access are essential.
=====Community Gardens Support High Levels of Food Production=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11625-024-01558-7 | B.B. Lin et al. | Sustainability Science | 2024]
This study documents that community gardens can produce substantial amounts of fresh food and offset high produce costs, especially when gardeners receive enough support.
=====Identifying Key Benefits and Characteristics of Community Gardening=====
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/5570089 | Researchers | Health & Social Care in the Community | 2023]
This study finds higher fruit and vegetable intake among regular and occasional garden participants compared with nonparticipants, supporting gardens as healthy eating spaces.
=====Community Gardening Increases Vegetable Intake and Seasonal Eating=====
=====Community Gardening Increases Vegetable Intake and Seasonal Eating=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10196338/ | K. Alaimo et al. | PMC | 2023]
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10196338/ | K. Alaimo et al. | PMC | 2023]
  This study connects community gardening with higher vegetable intake, stronger seasonal food habits, and greater access to fresh produce, showing why gardens can be practical nutrition tools in neighborhoods with limited healthy food options.
  This study connects community gardening with higher vegetable intake, stronger seasonal food habits, and greater access to fresh produce, showing why gardens can be practical nutrition tools in neighborhoods with limited healthy food options.
=====Impact of a Community Gardening Project on Vegetable Intake, Food Security and Family Relationships=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3661291/ | Patricia A. Carney et al. | PMC | 2012]
This community garden project found that gardening can improve vegetable intake, reduce food insecurity, and strengthen family relationships by giving households both food and shared activity around healthy meals.


=====Community Gardens and Their Effects on Diet, Health, Psychosocial and Community Outcomes=====
=====Community Gardens and Their Effects on Diet, Health, Psychosocial and Community Outcomes=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9229094/ | C. Hume et al. | PMC | 2022]
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9229094/ | C. Hume et al. | PMC | 2022]
  This systematic review found that community gardening is associated with higher fruit and vegetable intake, stronger community connection, and positive psychosocial outcomes, while also noting the need for stronger evidence.
  This systematic review found that community gardening is associated with higher fruit and vegetable intake, stronger community connection, and positive psychosocial outcomes, while also noting the need for stronger evidence.
=====Community Gardens and Their Effects on Diet and Health=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-022-13591-1 | C. Hume et al. | BMC Public Health | 2022]
This open-access review concludes that community gardens are linked with better fruit and vegetable intake, but also calls for better-designed studies to measure nutrition impacts.
=====Assessing the Affordability of Nutrient-Adequate Diets=====
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07240 | Kate R. Schneider et al. | arXiv | 2022]
This study shows why affordability matters for nutrition security, adding context for community gardens that lower the cost barrier to fresh produce.
=====Understanding Benefits of a Community Garden on Those Impacted by Food Insecurity=====
[https://riches.cabarruscollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1127&context=mot-student-capstones | T. Boone | Cabarrus College | 2021]
This capstone paper reviews how community gardens can support people affected by food insecurity through vegetable access, nutrition, social connection, and meaningful activity.


=====Community Garden Initiatives Addressing Health and Well-Being Outcomes=====
=====Community Garden Initiatives Addressing Health and Well-Being Outcomes=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7922762/ | A. Gregis et al. | PMC | 2021]
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7922762/ | A. Gregis et al. | PMC | 2021]
  This review examines community gardens as public health interventions, including their role in nutrition, physical activity, mental health, social connection, and community well-being.
  This review examines community gardens as public health interventions, including their role in nutrition, physical activity, mental health, social connection, and community well-being.
=====Social Capital Contributions to Food Security=====
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.03606 | Saeed Nosratabadi et al. | arXiv | 2020]
This literature review explains how social capital can improve food security through knowledge sharing and food sharing, mechanisms often found in community garden networks.
=====Healthy Access for Healthy Places=====
[https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.11351 | Irena Gao and Marynia Kolak | arXiv | 2019]
This paper argues that food access is multidimensional, helping explain why gardens alone are not enough but can be part of broader healthy food access planning.
=====Community Gardens and Obesity Intervention=====
[https://www.foodandnutritionjournal.org/volume6number3/benefits-of-community-gardening-activity-in-obesity-intervention-findings-from-f-e-a-t-programme/ | Researchers | Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science | 2018]
This article discusses community gardening as part of obesity intervention, linking gardening with access to good food, physical activity, and mental health benefits.
=====The Impact of Urban Gardens on Adequate and Healthy Food=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10260856/ | M.T. Garcia et al. | PMC | 2017]
This systematic review examines how urban gardens affect healthy food access, nutrition knowledge, food beliefs, and food practices among participants.
=====Community and Home Gardens Increase Vegetable Intake and Food Security=====
[https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?article=ca.v070n02p77&type=pdf | S. Algert et al. | California Agriculture | 2016]
This San Jose study found that garden participants increased vegetable intake and improved food security, showing how small plots can support healthier household diets.
=====Association Between Community Garden Participation and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Rural Missouri=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/32129 | Ellen K. Barnidge et al. | CDC Stacks | 2013]
This rural Missouri study links community garden participation with improved access to produce and greater fruit and vegetable consumption, showing that gardens can matter outside large cities too.
=====Impact of a Community Gardening Project on Vegetable Intake, Food Security and Family Relationships=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3661291/ | Patricia A. Carney et al. | PMC | 2012]
This community garden project found that gardening can improve vegetable intake, reduce food insecurity, and strengthen family relationships by giving households both food and shared activity around healthy meals.


=====Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Urban Community Gardeners=====
=====Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Urban Community Gardeners=====
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  This PubMed record summarizes evidence that community garden participation may improve fruit and vegetable intake among urban adults, especially when household members are involved in growing food.
  This PubMed record summarizes evidence that community garden participation may improve fruit and vegetable intake among urban adults, especially when household members are involved in growing food.


=====Association Between Community Garden Participation and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Rural Missouri=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/32129 | Ellen K. Barnidge et al. | CDC Stacks | 2013]
This rural Missouri study links community garden participation with improved access to produce and greater fruit and vegetable consumption, showing that gardens can matter outside large cities too.


=====Using Garden Coordinators and Volunteers to Implement Rural Community Gardens=====
==Public Health, Policy and Institutional Support==
[https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0117.htm | S. Stluka et al. | Preventing Chronic Disease | 2019]
 
  This article explains how coordinators, volunteers, and wellness coalitions used community gardens to improve access to healthy food, nutrition education, and physical activity opportunities.
=====Public Health Benefits of Community Gardens=====
[https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/benefits-of-community-gardens/ | Tulane University | Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine | 2024]
  This article explains how community gardens can increase fruit and vegetable access, especially in neighborhoods with limited affordable healthy food options.
 
=====Community Gardens Plant Seeds for Healthy Nutrition=====
[https://odh.ohio.gov/media-center/feature-stories/march-is-national-nutrition-month | Ohio Department of Health | Ohio Department of Health | 2024]
This article connects community gardens with affordable healthy food, movement, friendship, and social connection during National Nutrition Month.


=====Gardening for Health: Using Garden Coordinators and Volunteers=====
=====Community Gardens Evidence Assessment=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/83608 | S. Stluka et al. | CDC Stacks | 2019]
[https://healthbegins.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Community-Gardens-Evidence-Assessment.pdf | Social Needs Investment Lab | HealthBegins | 2024]
  This CDC record describes gardens as focal points for healthy food access, nutrition education, physical activity, and local wellness work.
  This evidence assessment concludes that community gardens can increase vegetable consumption and reduce food insecurity, while more evidence is needed on clinical outcomes.


=====Framing Food Access: Do Community Gardens Appeal to Diverse Populations?=====
=====Community Gardens Assessment=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/103145 | K.L. Butterfield | CDC Stacks | 2021]
[https://www.socialneedsinvestmentlab.com/assessment/community-gardens | Social Needs Investment Lab | Social Needs Investment Lab | 2024]
  This article analyzes how community garden programs describe food access, food donation, self-empowerment, and community orientation, raising useful questions about inclusion and nutrition equity.
  This assessment frames community gardens as interventions that provide space, tools, skills, and nutrition-related support for people facing food insecurity.


=====Framing Food Access: Do Community Gardens Appeal to Diverse Populations? PDF=====
=====Framing Food Access: Do Community Gardens Appeal to Diverse Populations? PDF=====
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  This PDF version highlights how garden language can either welcome or limit participation, especially for communities facing food insecurity and unequal access to healthy food.
  This PDF version highlights how garden language can either welcome or limit participation, especially for communities facing food insecurity and unequal access to healthy food.


=====The Impact of Urban Gardens on Adequate and Healthy Food=====
=====Framing Food Access: Do Community Gardens Appeal to Diverse Populations?=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10260856/ | M.T. Garcia et al. | PMC | 2017]
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/103145 | K.L. Butterfield | CDC Stacks | 2021]
  This systematic review examines how urban gardens affect healthy food access, nutrition knowledge, food beliefs, and food practices among participants.
  This article analyzes how community garden programs describe food access, food donation, self-empowerment, and community orientation, raising useful questions about inclusion and nutrition equity.


=====Community and Home Gardens Increase Vegetable Intake and Food Security=====
=====NALT: Community Gardens=====
[https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?article=ca.v070n02p77&type=pdf | S. Algert et al. | California Agriculture | 2016]
[https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/68415 | USDA National Agricultural Library | USDA | 2020]
  This San Jose study found that garden participants increased vegetable intake and improved food security, showing how small plots can support healthier household diets.
  This USDA thesaurus entry defines community gardens as shared spaces where participants maintain and share products including affordable fresh fruits and vegetables.


=====Community and Home Gardens Increase Vegetable Intake and Food Security PDF=====
=====Considerations for Outdoor Learning Gardens and Community Gardens=====
[https://californiaagriculture.org/article/108832-community-and-home-gardens-increase-vegetable-intake-and-food-security-of-residents-in-san-jose-california/attachment/213767.pdf | S. Algert et al. | California Agriculture | 2016]
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/94060 | CDC | CDC Stacks | 2020]
  This PDF reports that gardening helped residents double vegetable intake and meet daily serving recommendations, making gardens a direct nutrition intervention.
  This guidance explains that outdoor learning and community gardens can help fill nutrition gaps where healthy food access is limited, while also supporting outdoor education.


=====Community Gardens Support High Levels of Food Production=====
=====Strategies for Enhancing the Built Environment to Support Healthy Eating=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11625-024-01558-7 | B.B. Lin et al. | Sustainability Science | 2024]
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/5846/cdc_5846_DS1.pdf | L. Cohen et al. | CDC Stacks | 2008]
  This study documents that community gardens can produce substantial amounts of fresh food and offset high produce costs, especially when gardeners receive enough support.
  This report argues that environments must be structured so people can access healthy foods and physical activity, a framework that supports community gardens as health infrastructure.


=====A Systematic Review of Community Gardens and Food Access=====
=====Urban Agriculture and Climate Change in the Northwest=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-01628-5 | F.F. Huq et al. | Springer | 2025]
[https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/northwest/topic/urban-agriculture-and-climate-change-northwest | USDA Climate Hubs | USDA | n.d.]
  This review finds that community gardens can improve food access, urban resilience, and community well-being while warning that policy support and equitable access are essential.
  This article explains that urban farms and gardens can provide education about food security, nutrition, biodiversity, and climate change while increasing food access.


=====Community Gardens and Their Effects on Diet and Health=====
=====Nutrition: Communities Putting Prevention to Work=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-022-13591-1 | C. Hume et al. | BMC Public Health | 2022]
[https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/communitiesputtingpreventiontowork/action/nutrition.htm | CDC | CDC Archive | n.d.]
  This open-access review concludes that community gardens are linked with better fruit and vegetable intake, but also calls for better-designed studies to measure nutrition impacts.
  This CDC archive describes community gardens supplying fresh fruits and vegetables to food pantries, including gardens producing tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, greens, and root vegetables.


=====Identifying Key Benefits and Characteristics of Community Gardening=====
=====Community Gardens: Enhancing Nutrition, Physical Activity and Social Connection=====
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/5570089 | Researchers | Health & Social Care in the Community | 2023]
[https://acsm.org/community-gardens/ | American College of Sports Medicine | ACSM | n.d.]
  This study finds higher fruit and vegetable intake among regular and occasional garden participants compared with nonparticipants, supporting gardens as healthy eating spaces.
  This article presents community gardens as places that can support nutrition, reduce seasonal food insecurity, increase physical activity, and strengthen social ties.


=====Gardening Interventions Increase Vegetable Consumption Among Children=====
=====Community Gardens: An Effective Approach to Food Equity=====
[https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/nutrition-gardening-interventions-increase-vegetable-consumption-among-children.html | Community Preventive Services Task Force | The Community Guide | n.d.]
[https://ihpl.llu.edu/blog/community-gardens-effective-approach-food-equity | L. Manzanete | Loma Linda University Institute for Health Policy and Leadership | n.d.]
  This evidence review finds that gardening interventions increase children’s vegetable consumption, especially when gardening is paired with nutrition education.
  This article reviews research linking community gardens with fruit and vegetable intake, food equity, and policy supports that make gardens easier to sustain.


=====Gardening SNAP-Ed Nutrition Education Materials=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/resources/nutrition-education-materials/gardening | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d.]
This USDA resource collection shows how SNAP-Ed programs use gardening to teach nutrition, increase access to fruits and vegetables, and support healthier household food choices.


=====Urban SNAP-Ed Community Gardening Project=====
==SNAP-Ed and Federal Nutrition Programs==
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/urban-snap-ed-community-gardening-project | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2017]
This Alabama success story describes a community gardening project that improved access to fresh produce and involved residents directly in growing food.


=====SNAP-Ed Spearheads Community Gardens in Page County, Virginia=====
=====SNAP-Ed Spearheads Community Gardens in Page County, Virginia=====
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  This story shows how community gardens can combine growing food with tastings, cooking demonstrations, and nutrition lessons using garden produce.
  This story shows how community gardens can combine growing food with tastings, cooking demonstrations, and nutrition lessons using garden produce.


=====Community Garden Increases Access to Fresh Produce in Houma, Louisiana=====
=====Urban SNAP-Ed Community Gardening Project=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/community-garden-increases-access-fresh-produce-houma-louisiana | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2020]
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/urban-snap-ed-community-gardening-project | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2017]
  This Louisiana project used a community garden as a learning site for children and adults, connecting fresh produce access with hands-on nutrition education.
  This Alabama success story describes a community gardening project that improved access to fresh produce and involved residents directly in growing food.


=====Green Island Gardens=====
=====Gardening SNAP-Ed Nutrition Education Materials=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/green-island-gardens | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2018]
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/resources/nutrition-education-materials/gardening | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d.]
  This SNAP-Ed garden program taught youth how garden foods fit into a healthy diet, using lessons on edible plant parts and vegetable-based snacks.
  This USDA resource collection shows how SNAP-Ed programs use gardening to teach nutrition, increase access to fruits and vegetables, and support healthier household food choices.


=====Adapting Garden Leadership Trainings to a Virtual Setting=====
=====Community Gardens and Rural Alabama=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/adapting-garden-leadership-trainings-virtual-setting | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2022]
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/materials?keywords=gardening&page=1&sort_by=title | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d.]
  This article describes community garden leadership training as a way to strengthen food security, nutrition education, and garden sustainability during changing conditions.
  This SNAP-Ed library entry describes rural Alabama gardens increasing access to healthy and affordable fresh vegetables for communities at higher chronic disease risk.


=====Fun With Seeds: CalFresh Expands Nutrition and Gardening Education=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/fun-seeds-calfresh-catholic-charities-expands-nutrition-and-gardening | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2023]
This school garden program brought weekly gardening and nutrition education to students, encouraging children to learn where food comes from and try healthy foods.


=====Growing Healthy Kids Garden-Enhanced Nutrition Curriculum=====
==School, Youth and Garden-Based Nutrition Education==
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/intervention/growing-healthy-kids-garden-enhanced-nutrition-curriculum | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d.]
This curriculum integrates gardening with nutrition education for children, using hands-on food growing to promote healthier eating choices.


=====Community Gardens Grow Strong Bodies and Minds=====
=====Revitalizing a Community Garden in Lebanon County=====
[https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/blog/community-gardens-grow-strong-bodies-and-minds | USDA | USDA Blog | 2009]
[https://extension.psu.edu/revitalizing-a-community-garden-in-lebanon-county/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026]
  This USDA article highlights how community gardens can teach children about local food, gardening, nutrition, and healthy eating while building community skills.
  This article describes a community garden planned as a source of healthy food, physical activity, mental health support, and youth engagement.


=====South LA Youth Use Neighborhood Gardens to Educate Better Community Health=====
=====Food Safety Tips for School Gardens=====
[https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/blog/feed-thy-neighbor-south-la-youth-use-neighborhood-gardens-educate-better-community-health | USDA | USDA Blog | 2015]
[https://www.fns.usda.gov/fs/produce-safety/gardens | USDA Food and Nutrition Service | USDA | 2025]
  This story shows young people using gardens, vegetables, cooking tools, and nutrition education to improve community health in South Los Angeles.
  This article explains how school gardens can help children develop healthy eating habits while also requiring safe handling of garden-grown produce.


=====School Gardens: Using Gardens to Grow Healthy Habits=====
=====School Gardens: Using Gardens to Grow Healthy Habits=====
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  This USDA resource explains how school gardens can connect cafeterias, classrooms, and communities while encouraging children to accept and eat more fruits and vegetables.
  This USDA resource explains how school gardens can connect cafeterias, classrooms, and communities while encouraging children to accept and eat more fruits and vegetables.


=====Food Safety Tips for School Gardens=====
=====Plant Positivity: Learn How to Grow a School or Community Garden=====
[https://www.fns.usda.gov/fs/produce-safety/gardens | USDA Food and Nutrition Service | USDA | 2025]
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/plant-positivity-learn-how-grow-school-or-community-garden | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2024]
  This article explains how school gardens can help children develop healthy eating habits while also requiring safe handling of garden-grown produce.
This article explains that students who garden are more likely to eat vegetables and gain hands-on learning experiences around food and health.
 
=====Celebrating Community and Historic Gardens=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2024/04/celebrating-community-and-historic-gardens/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2024]
This article explains that community gardens can increase fresh food access, teach health and nutrition, support exercise, and benefit seniors, families, and children.
 
=====Gardening for Change=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/source-magazine/gardening-change | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2023]
This article describes vacant lots transformed into community gardens that improve food access, teach youth, and build neighborhood power around growing food.
 
=====Fun With Seeds: CalFresh Expands Nutrition and Gardening Education=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/fun-seeds-calfresh-catholic-charities-expands-nutrition-and-gardening | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2023]
  This school garden program brought weekly gardening and nutrition education to students, encouraging children to learn where food comes from and try healthy foods.
 
=====Extension Master Gardeners Partner to Promote Food Access=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/extension-master-gardeners-partner-phoenix-community-development-promote-food-access | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2023]
This article describes a garden that teaches families and youth about healthy, nutritious food while involving them in planting and growing produce.
 
=====Community Garden Project Provides Fresh Produce and Nutrition Education=====
[https://www.howardcountymd.gov/health/community-garden-project-provides-fresh-produce-and-nutrition-education-opportunities | Howard County Health Department | Howard County, Maryland | 2023]
This article describes a community garden project that provides fresh produce and nutrition education opportunities for students and residents.
 
=====Evaluating the Impacts of School Garden-Based Programmes=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-022-13587-x | C.L. Chan et al. | BMC Public Health | 2022]
This review evaluates school garden programs and their effects on fruit and vegetable intake, preferences, nutrition knowledge, and related child outcomes.


=====Farm to School at USDA=====
=====Farm to School at USDA=====
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  This USDA presentation connects farm-to-school programs, school gardens, and local food purchasing with improved access to fruits and vegetables for students.
  This USDA presentation connects farm-to-school programs, school gardens, and local food purchasing with improved access to fruits and vegetables for students.


=====Nutrition: Communities Putting Prevention to Work=====
=====Community Garden Increases Access to Fresh Produce in Houma, Louisiana=====
[https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/communitiesputtingpreventiontowork/action/nutrition.htm | CDC | CDC Archive | n.d.]
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/community-garden-increases-access-fresh-produce-houma-louisiana | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2020]
  This CDC archive describes community gardens supplying fresh fruits and vegetables to food pantries, including gardens producing tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, greens, and root vegetables.
This Louisiana project used a community garden as a learning site for children and adults, connecting fresh produce access with hands-on nutrition education.
 
=====Green Island Gardens=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/green-island-gardens | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2018]
This SNAP-Ed garden program taught youth how garden foods fit into a healthy diet, using lessons on edible plant parts and vegetable-based snacks.
 
=====Gardening Education Increases Vegetable Consumption Among Youth=====
[https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/gardening-education-increases-vegetable-consumption-among-youth | Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | 2018]
This article summarizes research showing that garden interventions with youth increase vegetable consumption and support healthier eating habits.
 
=====Urban Agriculture Basic Information=====
[https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/urban-agriculture-basic-information_.html | EPA | EPA Archive | 2016]
  This EPA archive page describes community and school gardens as spaces for fresh fruits and vegetables, nutrition learning, after-school activity, and civic pride.


=====Considerations for Outdoor Learning Gardens and Community Gardens=====
=====South LA Youth Use Neighborhood Gardens to Educate Better Community Health=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/94060 | CDC | CDC Stacks | 2020]
[https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/blog/feed-thy-neighbor-south-la-youth-use-neighborhood-gardens-educate-better-community-health | USDA | USDA Blog | 2015]
  This guidance explains that outdoor learning and community gardens can help fill nutrition gaps where healthy food access is limited, while also supporting outdoor education.
  This story shows young people using gardens, vegetables, cooking tools, and nutrition education to improve community health in South Los Angeles.


=====State and Local Strategies for Nutrition=====
=====Feasibility of an Experiential Community Garden and Nutrition Programme=====
[https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/state-and-local-strategies/index.html | CDC | CDC | n.d.]
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10271639/ | K. Grier et al. | PMC | 2015]
  This CDC page places garden-based and farm-to-early-care strategies within broader community nutrition efforts to improve children’s access to healthy food.
  This article explores a garden and nutrition program for youth, showing enthusiasm for combining fresh produce access with experiential nutrition education.


=====Community Gardens=====
=====Impact of School Gardens on Vegetable Consumption=====
[https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/strategies-and-solutions/what-works-for-health/strategies/community-gardens | County Health Rankings & Roadmaps | What Works for Health | 2023]
[https://sites.evergreen.edu/townhalls/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2015/02/Impact-of-School-Gardens-on-Vegetable-Consumption.pdf | N. Cotugna et al. | HortTechnology | 2012]
  This evidence summary says community gardens may improve food security, increase fruit and vegetable availability, and support healthy eating in food deserts.
  This article reviews school garden programs as tools to promote vegetable consumption through experiential learning and nutrition education.


=====Community Gardens Evidence Assessment=====
=====Gardening Increases Vegetable Consumption in School-Aged Children=====
[https://healthbegins.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Community-Gardens-Evidence-Assessment.pdf | Social Needs Investment Lab | HealthBegins | 2024]
[https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/horttech/22/4/article-p430.xml | G.A. Langellotto and A. Gupta | HortTechnology | 2012]
  This evidence assessment concludes that community gardens can increase vegetable consumption and reduce food insecurity, while more evidence is needed on clinical outcomes.
  This literature review finds evidence that gardening programs can increase vegetable consumption among children, especially when linked with education.


=====Community Gardens Assessment=====
=====The Impact of Nutrition Education With and Without a School Garden=====
[https://www.socialneedsinvestmentlab.com/assessment/community-gardens | Social Needs Investment Lab | Social Needs Investment Lab | 2024]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20441683/ | P.J. Morgan et al. | PubMed | 2010]
  This assessment frames community gardens as interventions that provide space, tools, skills, and nutrition-related support for people facing food insecurity.
  This study investigates whether nutrition education paired with a school garden improves children’s knowledge, vegetable intake, preferences, and school quality of life.


=====Program: Community Gardens and Farms=====
=====School Gardens as a Strategy for Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption=====
[https://foodcommunitybenefit.noharm.org/resources/implementation-strategy/program-community-gardens-and-farms | Health Care Without Harm | Food Community Benefit | n.d.]
[https://schoolnutrition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/School-Gardens-as-a-Strategy-for-Increasing-Fruit-and-Vegetable-Consumption-Spring-2010.pdf | E. Oxenham and A. King | School Nutrition Association | 2010]
  This implementation guide explains how hospitals and health systems can support community gardens, cooking classes, tastings, produce donations, and food-security programs.
  This review argues that school gardens are promising hands-on nutrition education tools for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among children.


=====Community Gardens: An Effective Approach to Food Equity=====
=====Community Gardens Grow Strong Bodies and Minds=====
[https://ihpl.llu.edu/blog/community-gardens-effective-approach-food-equity | L. Manzanete | Loma Linda University Institute for Health Policy and Leadership | n.d.]
[https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/blog/community-gardens-grow-strong-bodies-and-minds | USDA | USDA Blog | 2009]
  This article reviews research linking community gardens with fruit and vegetable intake, food equity, and policy supports that make gardens easier to sustain.
  This USDA article highlights how community gardens can teach children about local food, gardening, nutrition, and healthy eating while building community skills.


=====Public Health Benefits of Community Gardens=====
=====Garden-Based Nutrition Education Affects Fruit and Vegetable Consumption=====
[https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/benefits-of-community-gardens/ | Tulane University | Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine | 2024]
[https://vegetableproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/McAleese-2007-school-gardens-veggie-consumption.pdf | J.D. McAleese and L.L. Rankin | Journal of the American Dietetic Association | 2007]
  This article explains how community gardens can increase fruit and vegetable access, especially in neighborhoods with limited affordable healthy food options.
  This study found that garden-based activities combined with nutrition education increased fruit and vegetable consumption, vitamin intake, and fiber intake among students.


=====Community Gardens: Enhancing Nutrition, Physical Activity and Social Connection=====
=====State and Local Strategies for Nutrition=====
[https://acsm.org/community-gardens/ | American College of Sports Medicine | ACSM | n.d.]
[https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/state-and-local-strategies/index.html | CDC | CDC | n.d.]
  This article presents community gardens as places that can support nutrition, reduce seasonal food insecurity, increase physical activity, and strengthen social ties.
  This CDC page places garden-based and farm-to-early-care strategies within broader community nutrition efforts to improve children’s access to healthy food.


=====Research and Benefits of Community Gardens=====
=====School and Community Gardens=====
[https://nccommunitygardens.ces.ncsu.edu/resources-3/nccommunitygardens-research/ | NC State Extension | North Carolina Community Gardens | 2025]
[https://extension.illinois.edu/youth-gardening/school-and-community-gardens | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d.]
  This research summary gathers evidence that community gardeners consume fruits and vegetables more often than non-gardeners and may be more likely to meet intake recommendations.
  This guide explains how growing fruits and vegetables can improve children’s food attitudes, increase willingness to eat vegetables, and add physical activity.


=====One Vegetable, One Community=====
=====School Gardens Enhance Academic Performance and Dietary Outcomes=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/one-vegetable-one-community | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d.]
[https://research.childrenandnature.org/research/garden-based-learning-can-positively-impact-academic-performance-and-promote-fruit-and-vegetable-consumption/ | Children & Nature Network | Children & Nature Network | n.d.]
  This program encourages communities to grow, cook, and share one featured vegetable, linking gardens, nutrition education, and community participation.
  This research summary reports that garden-based learning can improve fruit and vegetable consumption while supporting academic and social outcomes.


=====Nutrition to Grow On=====
=====Nutrition to Grow On=====
Line 179: Line 262:
  This curriculum links gardening with nutrition lessons for upper elementary students, encouraging children to try healthy foods and share lessons with families.
  This curriculum links gardening with nutrition lessons for upper elementary students, encouraging children to try healthy foods and share lessons with families.


=====Gardening for Change=====
=====Key Findings on Garden-Based Learning=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/source-magazine/gardening-change | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2023]
[https://gardening.cals.cornell.edu/lessons/program-tools/benefits-and-research/key-findings/ | Cornell Garden-Based Learning | Cornell University | n.d.]
  This article describes vacant lots transformed into community gardens that improve food access, teach youth, and build neighborhood power around growing food.
This research summary highlights evidence that growing vegetables can encourage adults and children to try new foods and improve eating habits.
 
=====Improving Nutrition Security: Garden to Food Club=====
[https://www.canr.msu.edu/videos/improving-nutrition-security-garden-to-food-club | Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | n.d.]
  This video transcript describes a community garden partnership that donates fresh produce and provides nutrition and physical activity education to children and adults.
 
=====Growing Healthy Kids Garden-Enhanced Nutrition Curriculum=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/intervention/growing-healthy-kids-garden-enhanced-nutrition-curriculum | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d.]
This curriculum integrates gardening with nutrition education for children, using hands-on food growing to promote healthier eating choices.
 
=====Gardening Interventions Increase Vegetable Consumption Among Children=====
[https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/nutrition-gardening-interventions-increase-vegetable-consumption-among-children.html | Community Preventive Services Task Force | The Community Guide | n.d.]
This evidence review finds that gardening interventions increase children’s vegetable consumption, especially when gardening is paired with nutrition education.


=====Giving Gardens=====
=====Garden-Based Learning=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/source-magazine/giving-gardens | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2024]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
  This article explains how giving gardens donate harvests to food shelves, adding fresh produce to emergency food systems that often lack vegetables and fruit.
  This article summarizes how school and community gardens can increase nutrition awareness, enthusiasm for fresh foods, and hands-on learning about food systems.


=====Early Care and School Gardens=====
=====Early Care and School Gardens=====
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  This guide shows how gardens can provide taste tests, fresh produce for meals, and outdoor learning that helps children become more familiar with healthy foods.
  This guide shows how gardens can provide taste tests, fresh produce for meals, and outdoor learning that helps children become more familiar with healthy foods.


=====Pilgrim Community Garden and Healthy Eating=====
 
[https://extension.umn.edu/farm-families-year/ramsey-county-farm-family | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d.]
==Extension and Local Garden Programs==
  This profile describes a community garden where neighbors share vegetables, swap recipes, and encourage healthy eating through shared growing space.
 
=====Garden Gro and Community Food Systems=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/cottage-food-connection/cottage-baker-community-food-systems-leader | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2026]
  This article describes a program that maintains school and community gardens so harvests do not go to waste and can support local hunger relief.


=====Understanding Soil Health With Twin Cities Metro Growers=====
=====Understanding Soil Health With Twin Cities Metro Growers=====
Line 199: Line 297:
  This article highlights Karamu Community Gardens as a food source for residents living far from grocery stores, showing how soil health supports nutrition access.
  This article highlights Karamu Community Gardens as a food source for residents living far from grocery stores, showing how soil health supports nutrition access.


=====Garden Gro and Community Food Systems=====
=====The Value of Community Gardens: Health Impact=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/cottage-food-connection/cottage-baker-community-food-systems-leader | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2026]
[https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/pascoco/2024/05/09/the-value-of-community-gardens-health-impact/ | UF/IFAS Extension | UF/IFAS Blogs | 2024]
  This article describes a program that maintains school and community gardens so harvests do not go to waste and can support local hunger relief.
  This article presents community gardens as health-supporting places where residents can learn gardening skills and gain access to food from the source.


=====Community Gardens Change Lives and Communities=====
=====Plant Your Garden Every Hue of Health=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/community-gardens-change-lives-communities | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2021]
[https://extension.psu.edu/plant-your-garden-every-hue-of-health/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2024]
  This article describes gardens in food deserts as tools for improving nutrition, teaching young people, and helping families access affordable fresh produce.
  This article connects colorful garden crops with nutrients such as vitamin A, encouraging gardeners to plan for variety and nutrition.


=====Community Gardens Fight Food Insecurity Close to Home=====
=====Giving Gardens=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/community-gardens-fight-food-insecurity-close-home | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2022]
[https://extension.umn.edu/source-magazine/giving-gardens | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2024]
  This article reports that Extension-supported gardens grew and donated produce while helping communities grow nutritious food for themselves and neighbors.
  This article explains how giving gardens donate harvests to food shelves, adding fresh produce to emergency food systems that often lack vegetables and fruit.


=====Sustainable Community Gardens Benefit Local Growers, Ecosystems and Communities=====
=====Sustainable Community Gardens Benefit Local Growers, Ecosystems and Communities=====
Line 215: Line 313:
  This article explains that sustainable community gardens meet local food needs while protecting ecosystems needed for future food production.
  This article explains that sustainable community gardens meet local food needs while protecting ecosystems needed for future food production.


=====Extension Master Gardeners Partner to Promote Food Access=====
=====Addressing Food Insecurity: Expanding Access Through Community Gardens=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/extension-master-gardeners-partner-phoenix-community-development-promote-food-access | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2023]
[https://utia.tennessee.edu/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/269/2023/10/W1021D.pdf | University of Tennessee Extension | UT Extension | 2023]
  This article describes a garden that teaches families and youth about healthy, nutritious food while involving them in planting and growing produce.
  This publication explains how Extension can support community gardens through agricultural expertise, nutrition education, community partnerships, and food security work.


=====Plant Positivity: Learn How to Grow a School or Community Garden=====
=====Improving Food Access Through Community Gardens=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/plant-positivity-learn-how-grow-school-or-community-garden | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2024]
[https://let.umn.edu/sites/let.umn.edu/files/2022-10/policy_brief_8.pdf | Meredith Bonde et al. | University of Minnesota | 2022]
  This article explains that students who garden are more likely to eat vegetables and gain hands-on learning experiences around food and health.
  This policy brief frames community gardens as local food access tools that can help address food insecurity through shared growing space and community support.


=====School and Community Gardens=====
=====Community Gardens Fight Food Insecurity Close to Home=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/youth-gardening/school-and-community-gardens | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d.]
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/community-gardens-fight-food-insecurity-close-home | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2022]
  This guide explains how growing fruits and vegetables can improve children’s food attitudes, increase willingness to eat vegetables, and add physical activity.
  This article reports that Extension-supported gardens grew and donated produce while helping communities grow nutritious food for themselves and neighbors.


=====Community Garden Toolkit=====
=====Community Gardens Change Lives and Communities=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/community_garden_toolkit_rev10-19.pdf | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2019]
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/community-gardens-change-lives-communities | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2021]
  This toolkit frames community gardens as responses to poor nutrition, food pantry needs, physical health, environmental concerns, and neighborhood cooperation.
  This article describes gardens in food deserts as tools for improving nutrition, teaching young people, and helping families access affordable fresh produce.


=====Community Garden Locations=====
=====Pilgrim Community Garden and Healthy Eating=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/bdo/community-garden-locations | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d.]
[https://extension.umn.edu/farm-families-year/ramsey-county-farm-family | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d.]
  This page lists Extension-supported gardens that grow produce for donation to food banks and pantries, showing how garden networks can support emergency food nutrition.
  This profile describes a community garden where neighbors share vegetables, swap recipes, and encourage healthy eating through shared growing space.


=====Revitalizing a Community Garden in Lebanon County=====
=====One Vegetable, One Community=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/revitalizing-a-community-garden-in-lebanon-county/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026]
[https://extension.umn.edu/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/one-vegetable-one-community | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d.]
  This article describes a community garden planned as a source of healthy food, physical activity, mental health support, and youth engagement.
  This program encourages communities to grow, cook, and share one featured vegetable, linking gardens, nutrition education, and community participation.
 
=====Planning for Community Food Access=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/planning-for-community-food-access/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026]
This article includes community gardens among local food access strategies that help rural and urban communities improve healthy food availability.
 
=====Plant Your Garden Every Hue of Health=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/plant-your-garden-every-hue-of-health/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2024]
This article connects colorful garden crops with nutrients such as vitamin A, encouraging gardeners to plan for variety and nutrition.
 
=====Home Garden Food Safety: Protecting Produce From Contamination=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/home-garden-food-safety-protecting-produce-from-contamination/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026]
This article explains how gardeners can protect fresh produce from contamination, an important step when garden harvests are eaten by families or shared with communities.
 
=====Wise Use of Manure in Home Vegetable Gardens=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/wise-use-of-manure-in-home-vegetable-gardens/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2024]
This article explains safe manure use in vegetable gardens so fresh food grown in home and community settings remains safe to eat.
 
=====Growing Strong Community Gardens=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2017/01/growing-strong-community-gardens/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017]
This article explains how Master Gardener volunteers can help community gardens fight hunger and poor nutrition by making fresh produce more accessible.


=====Healthy Life Community Garden=====
=====Healthy Life Community Garden=====
[https://extension.uga.edu/about/our-impact/impact-stories/impact-brief/4619/healthy-life-community-garden.html | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
[https://extension.uga.edu/about/our-impact/impact-stories/impact-brief/4619/healthy-life-community-garden.html | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
  This impact brief describes a garden producing tomatoes, peppers, beans, greens, herbs, and other fresh foods for community members.
  This impact brief describes a garden producing tomatoes, peppers, beans, greens, herbs, and other fresh foods for community members.
=====Serving Seniors=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2017/07/serving-seniors/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017]
This article describes a senior-focused garden that helps volunteers understand barriers older adults face in accessing healthy, nutritious foods.
=====Cultivating Community=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2017/08/cultivating-community/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017]
This article describes a community garden designed to build a healthier lifelong community and create a shared space around growing food.
=====Community Garden in Griffin Relocates and Expands=====
[https://extension.uga.edu/about/our-impact/impact-stories/impact-statement/9750/community-garden-in-griffin-relocates-and-expands.html | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
This article describes a garden serving residents with limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables and offering an alternative to processed fast foods.
=====Celebrating Community and Historic Gardens=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2024/04/celebrating-community-and-historic-gardens/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2024]
This article explains that community gardens can increase fresh food access, teach health and nutrition, support exercise, and benefit seniors, families, and children.


=====Community Gardens in Fulton County=====
=====Community Gardens in Fulton County=====
[https://extension.uga.edu/county-offices/fulton/community-gardens.html | UGA Extension | Fulton County Extension | n.d.]
[https://extension.uga.edu/county-offices/fulton/community-gardens.html | UGA Extension | Fulton County Extension | n.d.]
  This local Extension page shows how managed community garden plots give residents access to space for growing fresh food.
  This local Extension page shows how managed community garden plots give residents access to space for growing fresh food.
=====Community Gardening in New Hampshire=====
[https://extension.unh.edu/sites/default/files/migrated_unmanaged_files/Resource002173_Rep3203.pdf | UNH Extension | University of New Hampshire Extension | n.d.]
This report describes community gardening efforts that connect local groups, nutrition programs, and agencies to improve community access to fresh food.


=====Community Garden of Morrow=====
=====Community Garden of Morrow=====
[https://extension.uga.edu/content/dam/extension/programs-and-services/master-gardener/documents/master-gardener-project-spotlights/HFPProjectSpotlightClayton.pdf | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
[https://extension.uga.edu/content/dam/extension/programs-and-services/master-gardener/documents/master-gardener-project-spotlights/HFPProjectSpotlightClayton.pdf | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
  This project spotlight describes a community garden created to support community building and shared access to growing space.
  This project spotlight describes a community garden created to support community building and shared access to growing space.
=====Community Garden in Griffin Relocates and Expands=====
[https://extension.uga.edu/about/our-impact/impact-stories/impact-statement/9750/community-garden-in-griffin-relocates-and-expands.html | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
This article describes a garden serving residents with limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables and offering an alternative to processed fast foods.
=====Community Garden Locations=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/bdo/community-garden-locations | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d.]
This page lists Extension-supported gardens that grow produce for donation to food banks and pantries, showing how garden networks can support emergency food nutrition.


=====Athens Community Council on Aging Garden=====
=====Athens Community Council on Aging Garden=====
Line 291: Line 365:
  This project spotlight describes a garden focused on seniors’ access to healthy and affordable food, linking gardening with aging and nutrition security.
  This project spotlight describes a garden focused on seniors’ access to healthy and affordable food, linking gardening with aging and nutrition security.


=====Resources and Funding Garden Toolkit=====
 
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/g-hop/files/2023/08/Resources-and-Funding-Garden-Toolkit.pdf | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | 2023]
==Toolkits, Safety and Implementation==
  This toolkit points to nutrition education kits, urban agriculture resources, and funding sources that can support community gardens, food pantries, and community kitchens.
 
=====Planning for Community Food Access=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/planning-for-community-food-access/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026]
  This article includes community gardens among local food access strategies that help rural and urban communities improve healthy food availability.


=====How to Start a Community Garden: Getting People Involved=====
=====How to Start a Community Garden: Getting People Involved=====
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  This guide explains how community involvement, soil testing, food safety, harvesting, and preservation planning help gardens become useful food and nutrition resources.
  This guide explains how community involvement, soil testing, food safety, harvesting, and preservation planning help gardens become useful food and nutrition resources.


=====The Value of Community Gardens: Health Impact=====
=====Home Garden Food Safety: Protecting Produce From Contamination=====
[https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/pascoco/2024/05/09/the-value-of-community-gardens-health-impact/ | UF/IFAS Extension | UF/IFAS Blogs | 2024]
[https://extension.psu.edu/home-garden-food-safety-protecting-produce-from-contamination/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026]
  This article presents community gardens as health-supporting places where residents can learn gardening skills and gain access to food from the source.
  This article explains how gardeners can protect fresh produce from contamination, an important step when garden harvests are eaten by families or shared with communities.


=====Gardening Education Increases Vegetable Consumption Among Youth=====
=====Wise Use of Manure in Home Vegetable Gardens=====
[https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/gardening-education-increases-vegetable-consumption-among-youth | Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | 2018]
[https://extension.psu.edu/wise-use-of-manure-in-home-vegetable-gardens/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2024]
  This article summarizes research showing that garden interventions with youth increase vegetable consumption and support healthier eating habits.
  This article explains safe manure use in vegetable gardens so fresh food grown in home and community settings remains safe to eat.


=====Improving Nutrition Security: Garden to Food Club=====
=====Brownfields and Urban Agriculture Interim Guidelines=====
[https://www.canr.msu.edu/videos/improving-nutrition-security-garden-to-food-club | Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | n.d.]
[https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-11/bf_urban_ag.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2024]
  This video transcript describes a community garden partnership that donates fresh produce and provides nutrition and physical activity education to children and adults.
  This EPA guidance explains how converting brownfields into urban agriculture can reduce blight while improving food access and nutrition, if safety issues are handled properly.


=====Starting a Community Garden=====
=====Resources and Funding Garden Toolkit=====
[https://extension.rutgers.edu/community-garden/starting | Rutgers Cooperative Extension | Rutgers Extension | n.d.]
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/g-hop/files/2023/08/Resources-and-Funding-Garden-Toolkit.pdf | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | 2023]
  This guide helps communities start or improve vegetable gardens, including attention to soil testing, food safety, harvesting, and practical production skills.
  This toolkit points to nutrition education kits, urban agriculture resources, and funding sources that can support community gardens, food pantries, and community kitchens.


=====Community Gardening in New Hampshire=====
=====Adapting Garden Leadership Trainings to a Virtual Setting=====
[https://extension.unh.edu/sites/default/files/migrated_unmanaged_files/Resource002173_Rep3203.pdf | UNH Extension | University of New Hampshire Extension | n.d.]
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/adapting-garden-leadership-trainings-virtual-setting | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2022]
  This report describes community gardening efforts that connect local groups, nutrition programs, and agencies to improve community access to fresh food.
  This article describes community garden leadership training as a way to strengthen food security, nutrition education, and garden sustainability during changing conditions.


=====A Guide for Starting a Community Garden=====
=====Using Garden Coordinators and Volunteers to Implement Rural Community Gardens=====
[https://cuyahoga.osu.edu/sites/cuyahoga/files/imce/Misc_Files/ANR/Start%20Up%20Guide%20-%20Dig%20In.pdf | Ohio State University Extension | OSU Extension | n.d.]
[https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0117.htm | S. Stluka et al. | Preventing Chronic Disease | 2019]
  This guide explains how community gardens can bring residents together, create growing space, and support local food production.
  This article explains how coordinators, volunteers, and wellness coalitions used community gardens to improve access to healthy food, nutrition education, and physical activity opportunities.


=====Community Gardens Plant Seeds for Healthy Nutrition=====
=====Gardening for Health: Using Garden Coordinators and Volunteers=====
[https://odh.ohio.gov/media-center/feature-stories/march-is-national-nutrition-month | Ohio Department of Health | Ohio Department of Health | 2024]
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/83608 | S. Stluka et al. | CDC Stacks | 2019]
  This article connects community gardens with affordable healthy food, movement, friendship, and social connection during National Nutrition Month.
  This CDC record describes gardens as focal points for healthy food access, nutrition education, physical activity, and local wellness work.


=====Community Garden Project Provides Fresh Produce and Nutrition Education=====
=====Community Garden Toolkit=====
[https://www.howardcountymd.gov/health/community-garden-project-provides-fresh-produce-and-nutrition-education-opportunities | Howard County Health Department | Howard County, Maryland | 2023]
[https://extension.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/community_garden_toolkit_rev10-19.pdf | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2019]
  This article describes a community garden project that provides fresh produce and nutrition education opportunities for students and residents.
  This toolkit frames community gardens as responses to poor nutrition, food pantry needs, physical health, environmental concerns, and neighborhood cooperation.


=====Addressing Food Insecurity: Expanding Access Through Community Gardens=====
=====Serving Seniors=====
[https://utia.tennessee.edu/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/269/2023/10/W1021D.pdf | University of Tennessee Extension | UT Extension | 2023]
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2017/07/serving-seniors/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017]
  This publication explains how Extension can support community gardens through agricultural expertise, nutrition education, community partnerships, and food security work.
  This article describes a senior-focused garden that helps volunteers understand barriers older adults face in accessing healthy, nutritious foods.


=====Improving Food Access Through Community Gardens=====
=====Growing Strong Community Gardens=====
[https://let.umn.edu/sites/let.umn.edu/files/2022-10/policy_brief_8.pdf | Meredith Bonde et al. | University of Minnesota | 2022]
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2017/01/growing-strong-community-gardens/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017]
  This policy brief frames community gardens as local food access tools that can help address food insecurity through shared growing space and community support.
  This article explains how Master Gardener volunteers can help community gardens fight hunger and poor nutrition by making fresh produce more accessible.


=====School Gardens as a Strategy for Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption=====
=====Basic Information About Brownfields and Urban Agriculture=====
[https://schoolnutrition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/School-Gardens-as-a-Strategy-for-Increasing-Fruit-and-Vegetable-Consumption-Spring-2010.pdf | E. Oxenham and A. King | School Nutrition Association | 2010]
[https://19january2021snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/basic-information-about-brownfields-and-urban-agriculture_.html | EPA | EPA Archive | 2017]
  This review argues that school gardens are promising hands-on nutrition education tools for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among children.
  This EPA page explains that gardens and urban agriculture can improve access to fresh healthy foods in neighborhoods without supermarkets.


=====The Impact of Nutrition Education With and Without a School Garden=====
=====Urban Agriculture Resources and Related Links=====
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20441683/ | P.J. Morgan et al. | PubMed | 2010]
[https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/urban-agriculture-resources-related-links_.html | EPA | EPA Archive | 2016]
  This study investigates whether nutrition education paired with a school garden improves children’s knowledge, vegetable intake, preferences, and school quality of life.
  This resource page points communities toward planning tools for urban farms and gardens that address food access, neighborhood blight, and community development.


=====Feasibility of an Experiential Community Garden and Nutrition Programme=====
=====Starting a Community Garden=====
[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10271639/ | K. Grier et al. | PMC | 2015]
[https://extension.rutgers.edu/community-garden/starting | Rutgers Cooperative Extension | Rutgers Extension | n.d.]
  This article explores a garden and nutrition program for youth, showing enthusiasm for combining fresh produce access with experiential nutrition education.
  This guide helps communities start or improve vegetable gardens, including attention to soil testing, food safety, harvesting, and practical production skills.


=====Evaluating the Impacts of School Garden-Based Programmes=====
=====Program: Community Gardens and Farms=====
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-022-13587-x | C.L. Chan et al. | BMC Public Health | 2022]
[https://foodcommunitybenefit.noharm.org/resources/implementation-strategy/program-community-gardens-and-farms | Health Care Without Harm | Food Community Benefit | n.d.]
This review evaluates school garden programs and their effects on fruit and vegetable intake, preferences, nutrition knowledge, and related child outcomes.
  This implementation guide explains how hospitals and health systems can support community gardens, cooking classes, tastings, produce donations, and food-security programs.
 
=====Garden-Based Nutrition Education Affects Fruit and Vegetable Consumption=====
[https://vegetableproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/McAleese-2007-school-gardens-veggie-consumption.pdf | J.D. McAleese and L.L. Rankin | Journal of the American Dietetic Association | 2007]
This study found that garden-based activities combined with nutrition education increased fruit and vegetable consumption, vitamin intake, and fiber intake among students.
 
=====Impact of School Gardens on Vegetable Consumption=====
[https://sites.evergreen.edu/townhalls/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2015/02/Impact-of-School-Gardens-on-Vegetable-Consumption.pdf | N. Cotugna et al. | HortTechnology | 2012]
This article reviews school garden programs as tools to promote vegetable consumption through experiential learning and nutrition education.
 
=====Gardening Increases Vegetable Consumption in School-Aged Children=====
[https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/horttech/22/4/article-p430.xml | G.A. Langellotto and A. Gupta | HortTechnology | 2012]
This literature review finds evidence that gardening programs can increase vegetable consumption among children, especially when linked with education.
 
=====School Gardens Enhance Academic Performance and Dietary Outcomes=====
[https://research.childrenandnature.org/research/garden-based-learning-can-positively-impact-academic-performance-and-promote-fruit-and-vegetable-consumption/ | Children & Nature Network | Children & Nature Network | n.d.]
  This research summary reports that garden-based learning can improve fruit and vegetable consumption while supporting academic and social outcomes.
 
=====Key Findings on Garden-Based Learning=====
[https://gardening.cals.cornell.edu/lessons/program-tools/benefits-and-research/key-findings/ | Cornell Garden-Based Learning | Cornell University | n.d.]
This research summary highlights evidence that growing vegetables can encourage adults and children to try new foods and improve eating habits.
 
=====Brownfields and Urban Agriculture Interim Guidelines=====
[https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-11/bf_urban_ag.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2024]
This EPA guidance explains how converting brownfields into urban agriculture can reduce blight while improving food access and nutrition, if safety issues are handled properly.


=====Interim Guidelines for Safe Gardening Practices=====
=====Interim Guidelines for Safe Gardening Practices=====
Line 383: Line 436:
  This EPA text version explains safe gardening practices for communities using vacant or formerly contaminated land for food production.
  This EPA text version explains safe gardening practices for communities using vacant or formerly contaminated land for food production.


=====Basic Information About Brownfields and Urban Agriculture=====
=====Community Gardens Increase Food Security and Community Well-Being=====
[https://19january2021snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/basic-information-about-brownfields-and-urban-agriculture_.html | EPA | EPA Archive | 2017]
[https://landgrantimpacts.org/community-gardens-increase-food-security-and-community-well-being/ | Land-Grant Impacts | Land-Grant Impacts | n.d.]
  This EPA page explains that gardens and urban agriculture can improve access to fresh healthy foods in neighborhoods without supermarkets.
This article highlights how Extension programs, seed libraries, gardening kits, and Master Gardener volunteers expand access to gardens and food-growing skills.
 
=====A Guide for Starting a Community Garden=====
[https://cuyahoga.osu.edu/sites/cuyahoga/files/imce/Misc_Files/ANR/Start%20Up%20Guide%20-%20Dig%20In.pdf | Ohio State University Extension | OSU Extension | n.d.]
  This guide explains how community gardens can bring residents together, create growing space, and support local food production.
 


=====Urban Agriculture Basic Information=====
==General Overviews and Food Security Context==
[https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/urban-agriculture-basic-information_.html | EPA | EPA Archive | 2016]
This EPA archive page describes community and school gardens as spaces for fresh fruits and vegetables, nutrition learning, after-school activity, and civic pride.


=====Urban Agriculture Resources and Related Links=====
=====Community Gardens=====
[https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/brownfields/urban-agriculture-resources-related-links_.html | EPA | EPA Archive | 2016]
[https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/strategies-and-solutions/what-works-for-health/strategies/community-gardens | County Health Rankings & Roadmaps | What Works for Health | 2023]
  This resource page points communities toward planning tools for urban farms and gardens that address food access, neighborhood blight, and community development.
  This evidence summary says community gardens may improve food security, increase fruit and vegetable availability, and support healthy eating in food deserts.


=====East Capitol Urban Farm Project=====
=====East Capitol Urban Farm Project=====
[https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-04/documents/east_capitol_urban_farm_-approved_by_location_-_final.9.21.2018.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2018]
[https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-04/documents/east_capitol_urban_farm_-approved_by_location_-_final.9.21.2018.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2018]
  This project summary shows how an urban farm can combine community gardening, food access, nutrition education, farmers markets, and green infrastructure.
  This project summary shows how an urban farm can combine community gardening, food access, nutrition education, farmers markets, and green infrastructure.
=====Cultivating Community=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2017/08/cultivating-community/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017]
This article describes a community garden designed to build a healthier lifelong community and create a shared space around growing food.
=====Community and Home Gardens Increase Vegetable Intake and Food Security PDF=====
[https://californiaagriculture.org/article/108832-community-and-home-gardens-increase-vegetable-intake-and-food-security-of-residents-in-san-jose-california/attachment/213767.pdf | S. Algert et al. | California Agriculture | 2016]
This PDF reports that gardening helped residents double vegetable intake and meet daily serving recommendations, making gardens a direct nutrition intervention.


=====East Capitol Urban Farm Project: A UDC Partnership Effort=====
=====East Capitol Urban Farm Project: A UDC Partnership Effort=====
[https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/ward_7_urban_farm_aquaponics_factsheet_final_august_2015.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2015]
[https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/ward_7_urban_farm_aquaponics_factsheet_final_august_2015.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2015]
  This fact sheet describes an urban farm designed to improve nutrition through community gardening, food access, farmers markets, and nutrition education.
  This fact sheet describes an urban farm designed to improve nutrition through community gardening, food access, farmers markets, and nutrition education.
=====Urban Agriculture and Climate Change in the Northwest=====
[https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/northwest/topic/urban-agriculture-and-climate-change-northwest | USDA Climate Hubs | USDA | n.d.]
This article explains that urban farms and gardens can provide education about food security, nutrition, biodiversity, and climate change while increasing food access.
=====Strategies for Enhancing the Built Environment to Support Healthy Eating=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/5846/cdc_5846_DS1.pdf | L. Cohen et al. | CDC Stacks | 2008]
This report argues that environments must be structured so people can access healthy foods and physical activity, a framework that supports community gardens as health infrastructure.
=====Community Gardens and Food Security Go Hand-in-Hand=====
[https://greenamerica.org/your-green-life-2026/community-gardens-and-food-security-go-hand-hand | Anya Crittenton | Green America | n.d.]
This article explains how community gardens can increase food security through local growing, neighborhood cooperation, and access to fresh produce.
=====Community Gardens Increase Food Security and Community Well-Being=====
[https://landgrantimpacts.org/community-gardens-increase-food-security-and-community-well-being/ | Land-Grant Impacts | Land-Grant Impacts | n.d.]
This article highlights how Extension programs, seed libraries, gardening kits, and Master Gardener volunteers expand access to gardens and food-growing skills.
=====Understanding Benefits of a Community Garden on Those Impacted by Food Insecurity=====
[https://riches.cabarruscollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1127&context=mot-student-capstones | T. Boone | Cabarrus College | 2021]
This capstone paper reviews how community gardens can support people affected by food insecurity through vegetable access, nutrition, social connection, and meaningful activity.


=====Dig In: Improving Nutrition in Developing Countries Through Gardens=====
=====Dig In: Improving Nutrition in Developing Countries Through Gardens=====
Line 427: Line 471:
  This article describes efforts to improve nutrition through community and home gardens where fresh produce is scarce and less nutritious foods are easier to find.
  This article describes efforts to improve nutrition through community and home gardens where fresh produce is scarce and less nutritious foods are easier to find.


=====Building on Traditional Gardening to Improve Household Food Security=====
=====Urban Agriculture=====
[https://www.fao.org/4/x0051t/X0051t02.htm | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization | n.d.]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agriculture | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
  This FAO resource explains how gardens can supplement diets with vitamin-rich vegetables, fruits, herbs, and other nutrient-dense foods.
  This overview places community gardens within urban agriculture, highlighting their role in food production, education, and feeding people in need.
 
=====Social Capital Contributions to Food Security=====
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.03606 | Saeed Nosratabadi et al. | arXiv | 2020]
This literature review explains how social capital can improve food security through knowledge sharing and food sharing, mechanisms often found in community garden networks.
 
=====Healthy Access for Healthy Places=====
[https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.11351 | Irena Gao and Marynia Kolak | arXiv | 2019]
This paper argues that food access is multidimensional, helping explain why gardens alone are not enough but can be part of broader healthy food access planning.
 
=====Assessing the Affordability of Nutrient-Adequate Diets=====
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07240 | Kate R. Schneider et al. | arXiv | 2022]
This study shows why affordability matters for nutrition security, adding context for community gardens that lower the cost barrier to fresh produce.


=====Food Deserts and Community Gardens=====
=====Food Deserts and Community Gardens=====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_deserts_in_the_United_States | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_deserts_in_the_United_States | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
  This article includes community gardens as one response to fresh food scarcity in food deserts, where residents may lack easy access to grocery stores and produce.
  This article includes community gardens as one response to fresh food scarcity in food deserts, where residents may lack easy access to grocery stores and produce.
=====Community Gardens and Food Security Go Hand-in-Hand=====
[https://greenamerica.org/your-green-life-2026/community-gardens-and-food-security-go-hand-hand | Anya Crittenton | Green America | n.d.]
This article explains how community gardens can increase food security through local growing, neighborhood cooperation, and access to fresh produce.


=====Community Gardening in the United States=====
=====Community Gardening in the United States=====
Line 451: Line 487:
  This overview explains how U.S. community gardens provide fresh produce, education, green space, and gardening access for people without private yards.
  This overview explains how U.S. community gardens provide fresh produce, education, green space, and gardening access for people without private yards.


=====Garden-Based Learning=====
=====Building on Traditional Gardening to Improve Household Food Security=====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
This article summarizes how school and community gardens can increase nutrition awareness, enthusiasm for fresh foods, and hands-on learning about food systems.
 
=====Urban Agriculture=====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agriculture | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
This overview places community gardens within urban agriculture, highlighting their role in food production, education, and feeding people in need.
 
=====NALT: Community Gardens=====
[https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/68415 | USDA National Agricultural Library | USDA | 2020]
This USDA thesaurus entry defines community gardens as shared spaces where participants maintain and share products including affordable fresh fruits and vegetables.
 
=====Community Gardens and Food Access in Hospitals=====
[https://foodcommunitybenefit.noharm.org/resources/implementation-strategy/program-community-gardens-and-farms | Health Care Without Harm | Food Community Benefit | n.d.]
This hospital-focused guide explains how health institutions can support gardens that donate produce, host cooking demonstrations, and connect nutrition professionals with communities.
 
=====Garden Coordinators as Nutrition Infrastructure=====
[https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0117.htm | S. Stluka et al. | Preventing Chronic Disease | 2019]
This article shows that garden coordinators can turn community gardens into organized health interventions rather than leaving them as informal food plots.
 
=====Community Garden Frames and Food Donation=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/103145 | K.L. Butterfield | CDC Stacks | 2021]
This article identifies food donation and healthy food access as recurring themes in garden missions, showing how gardens present themselves as nutrition equity projects.
 
=====Community Gardens as Food Security Strategy=====
[https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/strategies-and-solutions/what-works-for-health/strategies/community-gardens | County Health Rankings & Roadmaps | What Works for Health | 2023]
This evidence review helps policymakers see community gardens as a local strategy for improving produce availability and healthy eating opportunities.
 
=====Gardens, SNAP Benefits and Seeds=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/resources/nutrition-education-materials/gardening | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d.]
This resource notes that SNAP benefits can be used to buy food seeds, making gardening a practical way to increase fruits and vegetables for low-income households.
 
=====Community Gardens and Rural Alabama=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/materials?keywords=gardening&page=1&sort_by=title | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d.]
This SNAP-Ed library entry describes rural Alabama gardens increasing access to healthy and affordable fresh vegetables for communities at higher chronic disease risk.
 
=====Community Gardens and Nutrition Lessons=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/green-island-gardens | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2018]
This story shows how garden lessons can move beyond planting by teaching children how vegetables fit into meals and healthy snacks.
 
=====Community Gardens and Cooking Demonstrations=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/snap-ed-spearheads-community-gardens-page-county-virginia | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2023]
This story highlights cooking demonstrations and tastings as important additions that help garden produce become familiar, usable, and desirable.
 
=====Community Gardens as Learning Sites=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/community-garden-increases-access-fresh-produce-houma-louisiana | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2020]
This article shows how gardens can serve children and adults at the same time by combining fresh food access with field trips and on-site lessons.
 
=====Garden Leadership and Nutrition Security=====
[https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/library/success-stories/adapting-garden-leadership-trainings-virtual-setting | USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2022]
This article explains that training garden leaders can help gardens remain sustainable sources of food security and nutrition education.
 
=====Community Gardens, Food Pantries and Produce Donations=====
[https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/communitiesputtingpreventiontowork/action/nutrition.htm | CDC | CDC Archive | n.d.]
This CDC example shows how community gardens can supply fresh produce to pantries that serve residents who may otherwise receive mostly shelf-stable foods.
 
=====Outdoor Gardens and Nutrition Gaps=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/94060 | CDC | CDC Stacks | 2020]
This guidance recognizes outdoor learning and community gardens as ways to fill nutrition gaps in places where healthy food access is limited.
 
=====Community Gardens and Healthy Food Access Policy=====
[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/103145/cdc_103145_DS1.pdf | K.L. Butterfield | CDC Stacks | 2021]
This article shows that community gardens are often promoted as healthy food access tools, but equitable participation depends on how programs are framed and organized.
 
=====Gardens and Nutrition Education in Early Care=====
[https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/state-and-local-strategies/index.html | CDC | CDC | n.d.]
This CDC page supports farm-to-early-care strategies that use hands-on food, health, and agriculture education to improve children’s nutrition environments.
 
=====Community Gardens and Healthy Communities=====
[https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/benefits-of-community-gardens/ | Tulane University | Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine | 2024]
This article explains that garden-grown produce can be especially valuable in food deserts where affordable healthy options are limited.
 
=====Community Gardens and Obesity Intervention=====
[https://www.foodandnutritionjournal.org/volume6number3/benefits-of-community-gardening-activity-in-obesity-intervention-findings-from-f-e-a-t-programme/ | Researchers | Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science | 2018]
This article discusses community gardening as part of obesity intervention, linking gardening with access to good food, physical activity, and mental health benefits.
 
=====Community Gardens and Food Equity=====
[https://ihpl.llu.edu/blog/community-gardens-effective-approach-food-equity | L. Manzanete | Loma Linda University | n.d.]
This article emphasizes that community gardens can improve nutrition equity when policy barriers, land access, zoning, and produce distribution are addressed.
 
=====Gardens as Neighborhood Nutrition Hubs=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/community-gardens-change-lives-communities | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2021]
This article shows how gardens in food deserts can become neighborhood nutrition hubs where residents learn, grow, and share healthier foods.
 
=====Gardens and Food Pantry Donations in Illinois=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/news-releases/community-gardens-fight-food-insecurity-close-home | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2022]
This article shows the role of community gardens in supplying fresh produce donations and helping food insecurity programs include more nutritious foods.
 
=====School Gardens and Vegetable Attitudes=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/youth-gardening/school-and-community-gardens | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d.]
This guide explains that children are more likely to eat vegetables they grow themselves, making gardens a useful tool for shaping lifelong eating habits.
 
=====Community Gardens and Produce Donation Networks=====
[https://extension.illinois.edu/bdo/community-garden-locations | Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d.]
This page shows how multiple Extension-supported gardens can form a local network for growing and donating produce to food pantries.
 
=====Giving Gardens and Food Shelf Nutrition=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/source-magazine/giving-gardens | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2024]
This article shows that donated garden produce can bring fresh squash, vegetables, and other nutritious foods into food shelves where clients may rarely receive them.
 
=====One Vegetable Campaigns and Community Nutrition=====
[https://extension.umn.edu/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/one-vegetable-one-community | University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d.]
This program uses one shared vegetable to make growing, cooking, and tasting healthy foods easier for entire communities to join.
 
=====Community Garden Planning for Healthy Food=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/planning-for-community-food-access/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026]
This article places community gardens in a broader planning framework for improving healthy food access, especially in places with limited markets or transportation.
 
=====Colorful Garden Crops and Micronutrients=====
[https://extension.psu.edu/plant-your-garden-every-hue-of-health/ | Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2024]
This article encourages gardeners to plant a variety of colorful vegetables so garden harvests provide a wider range of nutrients.
 
=====Senior Gardens and Nutrition Access=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2017/07/serving-seniors/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017]
This article shows how garden programs can expose volunteers to the food-access barriers seniors face and support healthier, more affordable food options.
 
=====Community Gardens and Processed Food Alternatives=====
[https://extension.uga.edu/about/our-impact/impact-stories/impact-statement/9750/community-garden-in-griffin-relocates-and-expands.html | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
This impact story shows how gardens can offer residents fresh fruits and vegetables where processed fast foods are easier to access.
 
=====Community Gardens as Public Health Assets=====
[https://site.extension.uga.edu/mgevp/2024/04/celebrating-community-and-historic-gardens/ | UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2024]
This article presents community gardens as public health assets that combine fresh food access, health education, nutrition, exercise, and social connection.
 
=====Healthy Life Garden Harvest Diversity=====
[https://extension.uga.edu/about/our-impact/impact-stories/impact-brief/4619/healthy-life-community-garden.html | UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d.]
This impact brief shows how garden harvests can include many nutrient-rich foods, from greens and broccoli to beans, herbs, carrots, beets, and watermelons.
 
=====Community Garden Partnerships and Nutrition=====
[https://utia.tennessee.edu/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/269/2023/10/W1021D.pdf | University of Tennessee Extension | UT Extension | 2023]
This publication emphasizes that strong partnerships help gardens provide more than land, adding nutrition expertise, community-building, and support for lasting food access.
 
=====Community Gardens and Fresh Produce for Students=====
[https://www.howardcountymd.gov/health/community-garden-project-provides-fresh-produce-and-nutrition-education-opportunities | Howard County Health Department | Howard County, Maryland | 2023]
This article shows how garden projects can serve both students and residents by pairing fresh produce access with nutrition education opportunities.
 
=====Community Gardens and Youth Vegetable Consumption=====
[https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/gardening-education-increases-vegetable-consumption-among-youth | Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | 2018]
This article summarizes evidence that hands-on gardening helps youth eat more vegetables, making gardens a practical nutrition education strategy.
 
=====Garden to Food Club Nutrition Security=====
[https://www.canr.msu.edu/videos/improving-nutrition-security-garden-to-food-club | Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | n.d.]
This story shows how a garden can support a nonprofit grocery model by donating fresh produce and providing nutrition education to families with limited resources.
 
=====Community Gardens and Produce Safety=====
[https://extension.rutgers.edu/community-garden/starting | Rutgers Cooperative Extension | Rutgers Extension | n.d.]
This guide reminds communities that safe harvesting and food safety practices are essential when gardens produce food for many people.
 
=====Safe Soil and Urban Garden Nutrition=====
[https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-11/bf_urban_ag.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2024]
This EPA guidance shows that urban gardens can improve nutrition only when communities also address soil safety and contamination risks.
 
=====Urban Farms, Markets and Nutrition Education=====
[https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-04/documents/east_capitol_urban_farm_-approved_by_location_-_final.9.21.2018.pdf | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2018]
This project summary shows how gardens, farmers markets, and nutrition education can work together to improve food access in a neighborhood.
 
=====Gardens, Climate and Food Security=====
[https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/northwest/topic/urban-agriculture-and-climate-change-northwest | USDA Climate Hubs | USDA | n.d.]
This article links urban agriculture with food access, nutrition education, climate resilience, and green space in disadvantaged urban areas.
 
=====Community Gardens and Household Welfare=====
[https://www.fao.org/4/x0051t/X0051t02.htm | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization | n.d.]
[https://www.fao.org/4/x0051t/X0051t02.htm | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization | n.d.]
  This FAO article explains that gardens can supplement staple diets with vegetables, fruits, herbs, and other foods that improve diet quality.
  This FAO resource explains how gardens can supplement diets with vitamin-rich vegetables, fruits, herbs, and other nutrient-dense foods.
 
=====Garden-Based Learning and Fresh Food Enthusiasm=====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-based_learning | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
This article summarizes how students who grow food often become more enthusiastic about fresh vegetables and more aware of nutrition.
 
=====Community Gardening and Shared Produce=====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_gardening_in_the_United_States | Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.]
This overview explains that community gardens often provide produce for gardeners, neighbors, and local residents who lack access to private garden space.

Revision as of 15:06, 27 June 2026

Research and Evidence

Research and Benefits of Community Gardens

| NC State Extension | North Carolina Community Gardens | 2025 

This research summary gathers evidence that community gardeners consume fruits and vegetables more often than non-gardeners and may be more likely to meet intake recommendations.
A Systematic Review of Community Gardens and Food Access

| F.F. Huq et al. | Springer | 2025 

This review finds that community gardens can improve food access, urban resilience, and community well-being while warning that policy support and equitable access are essential.
Community Gardens Support High Levels of Food Production

| B.B. Lin et al. | Sustainability Science | 2024 

This study documents that community gardens can produce substantial amounts of fresh food and offset high produce costs, especially when gardeners receive enough support.
Identifying Key Benefits and Characteristics of Community Gardening

| Researchers | Health & Social Care in the Community | 2023 

This study finds higher fruit and vegetable intake among regular and occasional garden participants compared with nonparticipants, supporting gardens as healthy eating spaces.
Community Gardening Increases Vegetable Intake and Seasonal Eating

| K. Alaimo et al. | PMC | 2023 

This study connects community gardening with higher vegetable intake, stronger seasonal food habits, and greater access to fresh produce, showing why gardens can be practical nutrition tools in neighborhoods with limited healthy food options.
Community Gardens and Their Effects on Diet, Health, Psychosocial and Community Outcomes

| C. Hume et al. | PMC | 2022 

This systematic review found that community gardening is associated with higher fruit and vegetable intake, stronger community connection, and positive psychosocial outcomes, while also noting the need for stronger evidence.
Community Gardens and Their Effects on Diet and Health

| C. Hume et al. | BMC Public Health | 2022 

This open-access review concludes that community gardens are linked with better fruit and vegetable intake, but also calls for better-designed studies to measure nutrition impacts.
Assessing the Affordability of Nutrient-Adequate Diets

| Kate R. Schneider et al. | arXiv | 2022 

This study shows why affordability matters for nutrition security, adding context for community gardens that lower the cost barrier to fresh produce.
Understanding Benefits of a Community Garden on Those Impacted by Food Insecurity

| T. Boone | Cabarrus College | 2021 

This capstone paper reviews how community gardens can support people affected by food insecurity through vegetable access, nutrition, social connection, and meaningful activity.
Community Garden Initiatives Addressing Health and Well-Being Outcomes

| A. Gregis et al. | PMC | 2021 

This review examines community gardens as public health interventions, including their role in nutrition, physical activity, mental health, social connection, and community well-being.
Social Capital Contributions to Food Security

| Saeed Nosratabadi et al. | arXiv | 2020 

This literature review explains how social capital can improve food security through knowledge sharing and food sharing, mechanisms often found in community garden networks.
Healthy Access for Healthy Places

| Irena Gao and Marynia Kolak | arXiv | 2019 

This paper argues that food access is multidimensional, helping explain why gardens alone are not enough but can be part of broader healthy food access planning.
Community Gardens and Obesity Intervention

| Researchers | Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science | 2018 

This article discusses community gardening as part of obesity intervention, linking gardening with access to good food, physical activity, and mental health benefits.
The Impact of Urban Gardens on Adequate and Healthy Food

| M.T. Garcia et al. | PMC | 2017 

This systematic review examines how urban gardens affect healthy food access, nutrition knowledge, food beliefs, and food practices among participants.
Community and Home Gardens Increase Vegetable Intake and Food Security

| S. Algert et al. | California Agriculture | 2016 

This San Jose study found that garden participants increased vegetable intake and improved food security, showing how small plots can support healthier household diets.
Association Between Community Garden Participation and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Rural Missouri

| Ellen K. Barnidge et al. | CDC Stacks | 2013 

This rural Missouri study links community garden participation with improved access to produce and greater fruit and vegetable consumption, showing that gardens can matter outside large cities too.
Impact of a Community Gardening Project on Vegetable Intake, Food Security and Family Relationships

| Patricia A. Carney et al. | PMC | 2012 

This community garden project found that gardening can improve vegetable intake, reduce food insecurity, and strengthen family relationships by giving households both food and shared activity around healthy meals.
Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Urban Community Gardeners

| K. Alaimo et al. | Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior | 2008 

This article reports that adults in households with community garden participation ate fruits and vegetables more often, suggesting that shared gardens can shift daily food habits.
Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Urban Community Gardeners

| K. Alaimo et al. | PubMed | 2008 

This PubMed record summarizes evidence that community garden participation may improve fruit and vegetable intake among urban adults, especially when household members are involved in growing food.


Public Health, Policy and Institutional Support

Public Health Benefits of Community Gardens

| Tulane University | Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine | 2024 

This article explains how community gardens can increase fruit and vegetable access, especially in neighborhoods with limited affordable healthy food options.
Community Gardens Plant Seeds for Healthy Nutrition

| Ohio Department of Health | Ohio Department of Health | 2024 

This article connects community gardens with affordable healthy food, movement, friendship, and social connection during National Nutrition Month.
Community Gardens Evidence Assessment

| Social Needs Investment Lab | HealthBegins | 2024 

This evidence assessment concludes that community gardens can increase vegetable consumption and reduce food insecurity, while more evidence is needed on clinical outcomes.
Community Gardens Assessment

| Social Needs Investment Lab | Social Needs Investment Lab | 2024 

This assessment frames community gardens as interventions that provide space, tools, skills, and nutrition-related support for people facing food insecurity.
Framing Food Access: Do Community Gardens Appeal to Diverse Populations? PDF

| K.L. Butterfield | CDC Stacks | 2021 

This PDF version highlights how garden language can either welcome or limit participation, especially for communities facing food insecurity and unequal access to healthy food.
Framing Food Access: Do Community Gardens Appeal to Diverse Populations?

| K.L. Butterfield | CDC Stacks | 2021 

This article analyzes how community garden programs describe food access, food donation, self-empowerment, and community orientation, raising useful questions about inclusion and nutrition equity.
NALT: Community Gardens

| USDA National Agricultural Library | USDA | 2020 

This USDA thesaurus entry defines community gardens as shared spaces where participants maintain and share products including affordable fresh fruits and vegetables.
Considerations for Outdoor Learning Gardens and Community Gardens

| CDC | CDC Stacks | 2020 

This guidance explains that outdoor learning and community gardens can help fill nutrition gaps where healthy food access is limited, while also supporting outdoor education.
Strategies for Enhancing the Built Environment to Support Healthy Eating

| L. Cohen et al. | CDC Stacks | 2008 

This report argues that environments must be structured so people can access healthy foods and physical activity, a framework that supports community gardens as health infrastructure.
Urban Agriculture and Climate Change in the Northwest

| USDA Climate Hubs | USDA | n.d. 

This article explains that urban farms and gardens can provide education about food security, nutrition, biodiversity, and climate change while increasing food access.
Nutrition: Communities Putting Prevention to Work

| CDC | CDC Archive | n.d. 

This CDC archive describes community gardens supplying fresh fruits and vegetables to food pantries, including gardens producing tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, greens, and root vegetables.
Community Gardens: Enhancing Nutrition, Physical Activity and Social Connection

| American College of Sports Medicine | ACSM | n.d. 

This article presents community gardens as places that can support nutrition, reduce seasonal food insecurity, increase physical activity, and strengthen social ties.
Community Gardens: An Effective Approach to Food Equity

| L. Manzanete | Loma Linda University Institute for Health Policy and Leadership | n.d. 

This article reviews research linking community gardens with fruit and vegetable intake, food equity, and policy supports that make gardens easier to sustain.


SNAP-Ed and Federal Nutrition Programs

SNAP-Ed Spearheads Community Gardens in Page County, Virginia

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2023 

This story shows how community gardens can combine growing food with tastings, cooking demonstrations, and nutrition lessons using garden produce.
Urban SNAP-Ed Community Gardening Project

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2017 

This Alabama success story describes a community gardening project that improved access to fresh produce and involved residents directly in growing food.
Gardening SNAP-Ed Nutrition Education Materials

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d. 

This USDA resource collection shows how SNAP-Ed programs use gardening to teach nutrition, increase access to fruits and vegetables, and support healthier household food choices.
Community Gardens and Rural Alabama

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d. 

This SNAP-Ed library entry describes rural Alabama gardens increasing access to healthy and affordable fresh vegetables for communities at higher chronic disease risk.


School, Youth and Garden-Based Nutrition Education

Revitalizing a Community Garden in Lebanon County

| Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026 

This article describes a community garden planned as a source of healthy food, physical activity, mental health support, and youth engagement.
Food Safety Tips for School Gardens

| USDA Food and Nutrition Service | USDA | 2025 

This article explains how school gardens can help children develop healthy eating habits while also requiring safe handling of garden-grown produce.
School Gardens: Using Gardens to Grow Healthy Habits

| USDA Food and Nutrition Service | USDA | 2024 

This USDA resource explains how school gardens can connect cafeterias, classrooms, and communities while encouraging children to accept and eat more fruits and vegetables.
Plant Positivity: Learn How to Grow a School or Community Garden

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2024 

This article explains that students who garden are more likely to eat vegetables and gain hands-on learning experiences around food and health.
Celebrating Community and Historic Gardens

| UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2024 

This article explains that community gardens can increase fresh food access, teach health and nutrition, support exercise, and benefit seniors, families, and children.
Gardening for Change

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2023 

This article describes vacant lots transformed into community gardens that improve food access, teach youth, and build neighborhood power around growing food.
Fun With Seeds: CalFresh Expands Nutrition and Gardening Education

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2023 

This school garden program brought weekly gardening and nutrition education to students, encouraging children to learn where food comes from and try healthy foods.
Extension Master Gardeners Partner to Promote Food Access

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2023 

This article describes a garden that teaches families and youth about healthy, nutritious food while involving them in planting and growing produce.
Community Garden Project Provides Fresh Produce and Nutrition Education

| Howard County Health Department | Howard County, Maryland | 2023 

This article describes a community garden project that provides fresh produce and nutrition education opportunities for students and residents.
Evaluating the Impacts of School Garden-Based Programmes

| C.L. Chan et al. | BMC Public Health | 2022 

This review evaluates school garden programs and their effects on fruit and vegetable intake, preferences, nutrition knowledge, and related child outcomes.
Farm to School at USDA

| USDA Food and Nutrition Service | USDA | 2020 

This USDA presentation connects farm-to-school programs, school gardens, and local food purchasing with improved access to fruits and vegetables for students.
Community Garden Increases Access to Fresh Produce in Houma, Louisiana

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2020 

This Louisiana project used a community garden as a learning site for children and adults, connecting fresh produce access with hands-on nutrition education.
Green Island Gardens

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2018 

This SNAP-Ed garden program taught youth how garden foods fit into a healthy diet, using lessons on edible plant parts and vegetable-based snacks.
Gardening Education Increases Vegetable Consumption Among Youth

| Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | 2018 

This article summarizes research showing that garden interventions with youth increase vegetable consumption and support healthier eating habits.
Urban Agriculture Basic Information

| EPA | EPA Archive | 2016 

This EPA archive page describes community and school gardens as spaces for fresh fruits and vegetables, nutrition learning, after-school activity, and civic pride.
South LA Youth Use Neighborhood Gardens to Educate Better Community Health

| USDA | USDA Blog | 2015 

This story shows young people using gardens, vegetables, cooking tools, and nutrition education to improve community health in South Los Angeles.
Feasibility of an Experiential Community Garden and Nutrition Programme

| K. Grier et al. | PMC | 2015 

This article explores a garden and nutrition program for youth, showing enthusiasm for combining fresh produce access with experiential nutrition education.
Impact of School Gardens on Vegetable Consumption

| N. Cotugna et al. | HortTechnology | 2012 

This article reviews school garden programs as tools to promote vegetable consumption through experiential learning and nutrition education.
Gardening Increases Vegetable Consumption in School-Aged Children

| G.A. Langellotto and A. Gupta | HortTechnology | 2012 

This literature review finds evidence that gardening programs can increase vegetable consumption among children, especially when linked with education.
The Impact of Nutrition Education With and Without a School Garden

| P.J. Morgan et al. | PubMed | 2010 

This study investigates whether nutrition education paired with a school garden improves children’s knowledge, vegetable intake, preferences, and school quality of life.
School Gardens as a Strategy for Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

| E. Oxenham and A. King | School Nutrition Association | 2010 

This review argues that school gardens are promising hands-on nutrition education tools for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among children.
Community Gardens Grow Strong Bodies and Minds

| USDA | USDA Blog | 2009 

This USDA article highlights how community gardens can teach children about local food, gardening, nutrition, and healthy eating while building community skills.
Garden-Based Nutrition Education Affects Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

| J.D. McAleese and L.L. Rankin | Journal of the American Dietetic Association | 2007 

This study found that garden-based activities combined with nutrition education increased fruit and vegetable consumption, vitamin intake, and fiber intake among students.
State and Local Strategies for Nutrition

| CDC | CDC | n.d. 

This CDC page places garden-based and farm-to-early-care strategies within broader community nutrition efforts to improve children’s access to healthy food.
School and Community Gardens

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d. 

This guide explains how growing fruits and vegetables can improve children’s food attitudes, increase willingness to eat vegetables, and add physical activity.
School Gardens Enhance Academic Performance and Dietary Outcomes

| Children & Nature Network | Children & Nature Network | n.d. 

This research summary reports that garden-based learning can improve fruit and vegetable consumption while supporting academic and social outcomes.
Nutrition to Grow On

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d. 

This curriculum links gardening with nutrition lessons for upper elementary students, encouraging children to try healthy foods and share lessons with families.
Key Findings on Garden-Based Learning

| Cornell Garden-Based Learning | Cornell University | n.d. 

This research summary highlights evidence that growing vegetables can encourage adults and children to try new foods and improve eating habits.
Improving Nutrition Security: Garden to Food Club

| Michigan State University Extension | MSU Extension | n.d. 

This video transcript describes a community garden partnership that donates fresh produce and provides nutrition and physical activity education to children and adults.
Growing Healthy Kids Garden-Enhanced Nutrition Curriculum

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | n.d. 

This curriculum integrates gardening with nutrition education for children, using hands-on food growing to promote healthier eating choices.
Gardening Interventions Increase Vegetable Consumption Among Children

| Community Preventive Services Task Force | The Community Guide | n.d. 

This evidence review finds that gardening interventions increase children’s vegetable consumption, especially when gardening is paired with nutrition education.
Garden-Based Learning

| Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d. 

This article summarizes how school and community gardens can increase nutrition awareness, enthusiasm for fresh foods, and hands-on learning about food systems.
Early Care and School Gardens

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d. 

This guide shows how gardens can provide taste tests, fresh produce for meals, and outdoor learning that helps children become more familiar with healthy foods.


Extension and Local Garden Programs

Garden Gro and Community Food Systems

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2026 

This article describes a program that maintains school and community gardens so harvests do not go to waste and can support local hunger relief.
Understanding Soil Health With Twin Cities Metro Growers

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2025 

This article highlights Karamu Community Gardens as a food source for residents living far from grocery stores, showing how soil health supports nutrition access.
The Value of Community Gardens: Health Impact

| UF/IFAS Extension | UF/IFAS Blogs | 2024 

This article presents community gardens as health-supporting places where residents can learn gardening skills and gain access to food from the source.
Plant Your Garden Every Hue of Health

| Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2024 

This article connects colorful garden crops with nutrients such as vitamin A, encouraging gardeners to plan for variety and nutrition.
Giving Gardens

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | 2024 

This article explains how giving gardens donate harvests to food shelves, adding fresh produce to emergency food systems that often lack vegetables and fruit.
Sustainable Community Gardens Benefit Local Growers, Ecosystems and Communities

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2023 

This article explains that sustainable community gardens meet local food needs while protecting ecosystems needed for future food production.
Addressing Food Insecurity: Expanding Access Through Community Gardens

| University of Tennessee Extension | UT Extension | 2023 

This publication explains how Extension can support community gardens through agricultural expertise, nutrition education, community partnerships, and food security work.
Improving Food Access Through Community Gardens

| Meredith Bonde et al. | University of Minnesota | 2022 

This policy brief frames community gardens as local food access tools that can help address food insecurity through shared growing space and community support.
Community Gardens Fight Food Insecurity Close to Home

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2022 

This article reports that Extension-supported gardens grew and donated produce while helping communities grow nutritious food for themselves and neighbors.
Community Gardens Change Lives and Communities

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2021 

This article describes gardens in food deserts as tools for improving nutrition, teaching young people, and helping families access affordable fresh produce.
Pilgrim Community Garden and Healthy Eating

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d. 

This profile describes a community garden where neighbors share vegetables, swap recipes, and encourage healthy eating through shared growing space.
One Vegetable, One Community

| University of Minnesota Extension | UMN Extension | n.d. 

This program encourages communities to grow, cook, and share one featured vegetable, linking gardens, nutrition education, and community participation.
Healthy Life Community Garden

| UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d. 

This impact brief describes a garden producing tomatoes, peppers, beans, greens, herbs, and other fresh foods for community members.
Community Gardens in Fulton County

| UGA Extension | Fulton County Extension | n.d. 

This local Extension page shows how managed community garden plots give residents access to space for growing fresh food.
Community Gardening in New Hampshire

| UNH Extension | University of New Hampshire Extension | n.d. 

This report describes community gardening efforts that connect local groups, nutrition programs, and agencies to improve community access to fresh food.
Community Garden of Morrow

| UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d. 

This project spotlight describes a community garden created to support community building and shared access to growing space.
Community Garden in Griffin Relocates and Expands

| UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d. 

This article describes a garden serving residents with limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables and offering an alternative to processed fast foods.
Community Garden Locations

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | n.d. 

This page lists Extension-supported gardens that grow produce for donation to food banks and pantries, showing how garden networks can support emergency food nutrition.
Athens Community Council on Aging Garden

| UGA Extension | UGA Extension | n.d. 

This project spotlight describes a garden focused on seniors’ access to healthy and affordable food, linking gardening with aging and nutrition security.


Toolkits, Safety and Implementation

Planning for Community Food Access

| Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026 

This article includes community gardens among local food access strategies that help rural and urban communities improve healthy food availability.
How to Start a Community Garden: Getting People Involved

| UGA Extension | UGA Field Report | 2026 

This guide explains how community involvement, soil testing, food safety, harvesting, and preservation planning help gardens become useful food and nutrition resources.
Home Garden Food Safety: Protecting Produce From Contamination

| Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2026 

This article explains how gardeners can protect fresh produce from contamination, an important step when garden harvests are eaten by families or shared with communities.
Wise Use of Manure in Home Vegetable Gardens

| Penn State Extension | Penn State Extension | 2024 

This article explains safe manure use in vegetable gardens so fresh food grown in home and community settings remains safe to eat.
Brownfields and Urban Agriculture Interim Guidelines

| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2024 

This EPA guidance explains how converting brownfields into urban agriculture can reduce blight while improving food access and nutrition, if safety issues are handled properly.
Resources and Funding Garden Toolkit

| UGA Extension | UGA Extension | 2023 

This toolkit points to nutrition education kits, urban agriculture resources, and funding sources that can support community gardens, food pantries, and community kitchens.
Adapting Garden Leadership Trainings to a Virtual Setting

| USDA SNAP-Ed Connection | USDA | 2022 

This article describes community garden leadership training as a way to strengthen food security, nutrition education, and garden sustainability during changing conditions.
Using Garden Coordinators and Volunteers to Implement Rural Community Gardens

| S. Stluka et al. | Preventing Chronic Disease | 2019 

This article explains how coordinators, volunteers, and wellness coalitions used community gardens to improve access to healthy food, nutrition education, and physical activity opportunities.
Gardening for Health: Using Garden Coordinators and Volunteers

| S. Stluka et al. | CDC Stacks | 2019 

This CDC record describes gardens as focal points for healthy food access, nutrition education, physical activity, and local wellness work.
Community Garden Toolkit

| Illinois Extension | University of Illinois Extension | 2019 

This toolkit frames community gardens as responses to poor nutrition, food pantry needs, physical health, environmental concerns, and neighborhood cooperation.
Serving Seniors

| UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017 

This article describes a senior-focused garden that helps volunteers understand barriers older adults face in accessing healthy, nutritious foods.
Growing Strong Community Gardens

| UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017 

This article explains how Master Gardener volunteers can help community gardens fight hunger and poor nutrition by making fresh produce more accessible.
Basic Information About Brownfields and Urban Agriculture

| EPA | EPA Archive | 2017 

This EPA page explains that gardens and urban agriculture can improve access to fresh healthy foods in neighborhoods without supermarkets.

| EPA | EPA Archive | 2016 

This resource page points communities toward planning tools for urban farms and gardens that address food access, neighborhood blight, and community development.
Starting a Community Garden

| Rutgers Cooperative Extension | Rutgers Extension | n.d. 

This guide helps communities start or improve vegetable gardens, including attention to soil testing, food safety, harvesting, and practical production skills.
Program: Community Gardens and Farms

| Health Care Without Harm | Food Community Benefit | n.d. 

This implementation guide explains how hospitals and health systems can support community gardens, cooking classes, tastings, produce donations, and food-security programs.
Interim Guidelines for Safe Gardening Practices

| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | n.d. 

This EPA text version explains safe gardening practices for communities using vacant or formerly contaminated land for food production.
Community Gardens Increase Food Security and Community Well-Being

| Land-Grant Impacts | Land-Grant Impacts | n.d. 

This article highlights how Extension programs, seed libraries, gardening kits, and Master Gardener volunteers expand access to gardens and food-growing skills.
A Guide for Starting a Community Garden

| Ohio State University Extension | OSU Extension | n.d. 

This guide explains how community gardens can bring residents together, create growing space, and support local food production.


General Overviews and Food Security Context

Community Gardens

| County Health Rankings & Roadmaps | What Works for Health | 2023 

This evidence summary says community gardens may improve food security, increase fruit and vegetable availability, and support healthy eating in food deserts.
East Capitol Urban Farm Project

| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2018 

This project summary shows how an urban farm can combine community gardening, food access, nutrition education, farmers markets, and green infrastructure.
Cultivating Community

| UGA Extension | Trellis Blog | 2017 

This article describes a community garden designed to build a healthier lifelong community and create a shared space around growing food.
Community and Home Gardens Increase Vegetable Intake and Food Security PDF

| S. Algert et al. | California Agriculture | 2016 

This PDF reports that gardening helped residents double vegetable intake and meet daily serving recommendations, making gardens a direct nutrition intervention.
East Capitol Urban Farm Project: A UDC Partnership Effort

| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2015 

This fact sheet describes an urban farm designed to improve nutrition through community gardening, food access, farmers markets, and nutrition education.
Dig In: Improving Nutrition in Developing Countries Through Gardens

| Jennifer Brewer | Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation | 2015 

This article describes efforts to improve nutrition through community and home gardens where fresh produce is scarce and less nutritious foods are easier to find.
Urban Agriculture

| Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d. 

This overview places community gardens within urban agriculture, highlighting their role in food production, education, and feeding people in need.
Food Deserts and Community Gardens

| Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d. 

This article includes community gardens as one response to fresh food scarcity in food deserts, where residents may lack easy access to grocery stores and produce.
Community Gardens and Food Security Go Hand-in-Hand

| Anya Crittenton | Green America | n.d. 

This article explains how community gardens can increase food security through local growing, neighborhood cooperation, and access to fresh produce.
Community Gardening in the United States

| Wikipedia contributors | Wikipedia | n.d. 

This overview explains how U.S. community gardens provide fresh produce, education, green space, and gardening access for people without private yards.
Building on Traditional Gardening to Improve Household Food Security

| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization | n.d. 

This FAO resource explains how gardens can supplement diets with vitamin-rich vegetables, fruits, herbs, and other nutrient-dense foods.
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