Ranked Choice Voting: Difference between revisions
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[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261379499000268 by Margaret McKean 12/2000 ScienceDirect] | [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261379499000268 by Margaret McKean 12/2000 ScienceDirect] | ||
We examine the impact on parties and candidates of Japan's new electoral rules, first used in the 1996 House of Representatives election. We argue that the Japanese rules, which not only permit dual candidacy but also allow votes cast in the single member district (SMD) portion of the race to allocate proportional representation (PR) seats to dual candidates, effectively defeat the purposes of electoral reform. | We examine the impact on parties and candidates of Japan's new electoral rules, first used in the 1996 House of Representatives election. We argue that the Japanese rules, which not only permit dual candidacy but also allow votes cast in the single member district (SMD) portion of the race to allocate proportional representation (PR) seats to dual candidates, effectively defeat the purposes of electoral reform. | ||
=====A characterization of proportionally representative committees===== | |||
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899825622000574 by Haris Aziz 5/22 ScienceDirect] | |||
In multiwinner elections, a central concern is proportional representation of voters. Around the world, prominent electoral reform movements advocate for electoral systems that guarantee proportional representation. For example, the Electoral Reform Society in the United Kingdom has the goal of having “public authorities in the UK elected by proportional representation,”1 and the FairVote organization in the United States is “committed to finding practical ways to advance […] American forms of proportional representation. | |||
Revision as of 07:02, 24 August 2025
Wikipedia Single Transferable Vote
The single transferable vote (STV) or proportional-ranked choice voting (P-RCV)[a] is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vote may be transferred according to alternative preferences if their preferred candidate is eliminated or elected with surplus votes, so that their vote is used to elect someone they prefer over others in the running. STV aims to approach proportional representation based on votes cast in the district where it is used, so that each vote is worth about the same as another.
STV is a family of multi-winner proportional representation electoral systems. The proportionality of its results and the proportion of votes actually used to elect someone are equivalent to those produced by proportional representation election systems based on lists. STV systems can be thought of as a variation on the largest remainders method that uses candidate-based solid coalitions, rather than party lists.[clarification needed][1] Surplus votes belonging to winning candidates (those in excess of an electoral quota) may be thought of as remainder votes. Surplus votes may be transferred from a successful candidate to another candidate and then possibly used to elect that candidate.
News about Ranked Choice Voting
FairVote.org SF Mayoral Article
Scientific American Article on RCV 2004
Maine ranked-choice voting as a case of electoral-system change
Journal of Representative Democracy 7/25/2018
Ranked-choice voting (RCV) manufactures an electoral majority in a fragmented candidate field. For RCV to pass at referendum, part of a reform coalition must be willing to lose election to the other part of that coalition, typically an out-of-power major party. A common enemy enables this sort of coalition by assuring (a) the out-of-power party of sufficient transfer votes to win and (b) a winner that junior reform partners prefer to the incumbent. I test this logic against the November 2016 adoption of RCV in Maine. First, I show that the most recent, runner-up party overwhelmingly supplied votes to the ‘yes’ side. I also show elite endorsements tending to come from this party, albeit not exclusively. Then I show a drift in the mass of public opinion, such that reform partners could coordinate. RCV is likely to find favour where voter preferences are polarised and lopsided, and where multiple candidates split the larger ideological bloc.
“More Choices and More Power”: How the Ranked-Choice Ballot Is Changing NYC Elections
As New Yorkers head to the polls in the primaries for upcoming local elections, voters will have the chance to vote for not one, but up to five of their preferred candidates for mayor and other races. R
Maine Is Trying Out A New Way To Run Elections. But Will It Survive The Night?
by Nathaniel Rakich 12/6/18 FIVETHIRTYEIGHT
The man who lives in the Blaine House in Augusta, Maine, was, for many, a sneak preview of the 45th president of the United States. Like Donald Trump, Republican Gov. Paul LePage has transformed the face of government with his politically incorrect brand of conservatism — and he did it despite winning less than a majority of votes. LePage won a seven-way Republican primary for governor in 2010 with 37 percent of the vote, and he beat a Democrat and three independents in the general with just 38 percent.
How open primaries and ranked-choice voting can help break partisan gridlock
by Judy Woodruff, Connor Seitchik, Christine Romo 29/5/25 PBS NEWS
A major political upset in Alaska as a Democrat won the state’s only seat in the U.S. House. Former state lawmaker Mary Peltola defeated former Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in a special election to replace former Congressman Don…
Ranked voting in Maine a go for presidential election
by David Sharp 22/9/20 PBS NEWS
The Supreme Judicial Court concluded that the Maine Republican Party failed to reach the threshold of signatures needed for a “People’s Veto” referendum aimed at rejecting a state law that expands ranked choice voting to the presidential election.
What’s Wrong with Ranked Choice Voting
by ADRIAN KUZMINSKI 30/3/20 COUNTERPUNCH
An electoral reform popular with many political activists and commentators is ranked choice voting, also called cumulative or preferential voting.
In 'Historic Victory', Maine Voters Demand Ranked-Choice Voting in Statewide Elections...Again
by Julia Conley 13/6/18 Common Dreams
Voters across Maine reiterated their support for ranked-choice voting (RCV) in the state's primary election, with 74 percent of precincts reporting that more than 54 percent had voted in favor of the system--an even higher approval rating than the system got in November 2016 when it first appeared on ballots.
'Huge Win for Democracy': Nationwide Celebrations as NYC Residents Approve Ranked-Choice Voting Ballot Measure
by Jessica Corbett 6/11/19 Common Dreams
NYC's ranked-choice voting (RCV) measure was supported by a number of advocacy groups, politicians, and even The New York Times editorial board, which called the question the "most exciting proposal" of the five measures considered by city voters Tuesday.
Portland elects progressive mayor and most diverse city council
by Dani Anguiano 12/11/24 The Guardian
In 2022 it appeared the political winds in Portland, Oregon, one of the US’s most progressive cities, were beginning to shift. Residents who had grown frustrated over the city’s approach to homelessness rejected the incumbent, Jo Ann Hardesty – the first Black woman to serve on the city council – in favor of the “law-and-order” Democrat Rene Gonzalez, who pledged to back an expanded police force and “clean up” Portland.
'Momentum for Better Elections' as Maine Supreme Court Approves Ranked-Choice Voting for 2018 Elections
by Julia Conley 18/4/18 Common Dreams
Election reform advocates on Wednesday praised a decision by Maine's Supreme Court, upholding the use of ranked-choice voting for the state's upcoming primary elections, saying the ruling demonstrated that the court heeded the demands of Maine voters.
In St. Louis, Voters Will Get To Vote For As Many Candidates As They Want
by Nathaniel Rakich 1/3/21 FiveThirtyEight
When voters head to the polls Tuesday to pick St. Louis’s next mayor,1 they’ll be faced with four names on the ballot. But unlike in most other elections, they won’t have to choose just one candidate to vote for. Instead, St. Louisans will experiment with a new form of voting that allows them to vote for as many candidates as they like.
Despite Broad Popularity, GOP Moves to Ban Ranked-Choice Voting at Local Level
by Julia Conley 29/4/22 Common Dreams
Buried in a bill signed into law by Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida this week is a provision that will eliminate Floridians' ability to use ranked-choice voting to decide their elections--as people in at least two cities there have voted to do--making DeSantis the latest GOP leader to ban the broadly popular voting reform.
Millions of Democratic votes were lost in the primaries. Is this the fix?
by the guardian org. 11/3/20 The Guardian
In Colorado and Texas, early voters for candidates other than Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders might have made a statement, but they didn’t have the chance to influence the primary election. Some of the estimated 20% of Californians who voted early asked for a do-over. In Minnesota, 40,000 people had reportedly cast their ballots a week before Super Tuesday – and days before Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar dropped out.
How Do You Poll A ‘Ranked Choice Voting’ Election?
by Nate Silver and Galen Druke 21/5/21 FiveThirtyEight
In this installment of the FiveThirtyEight Politics podcast, Nate Silver and Galen Druke open the mailbag and answer listeners’ questions about politics, polling and more.
Ranked-Choice Voting: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
by Howie Hawkins 28/4/20 COUNTERPUNCH
Climate activist Bill McKibben took to the New Yorker recently to advise me and the Green Party to stand down our presidential campaign and instead work for ranked-choice voting (RCV) so we don’t “spoil” the election for Joe Biden (“Instead of Challenging Joe Biden, Maybe the Green Party Could Help Change Our Democracy,” April 15).
The Sleeper Issue of the Midterms: Rank Choice Voting
by Nick Licata 7/11/22 COUNTERPUNCH
Flying under the radar this Election Day are cities, counties, and one state voting to accept rank choice voting (RCV). This isn’t the first time there has been a wave of support for RCV. From 1912 and 1930, some forms of RCV were used, but most were repealed by the mid-thirties. There was another burst of support for them in 2009-2010, that petered out as well
Ranked Choice Voting ‘Allows You to Vote for the Person You Really Like’
by Janine Jackson 13/11/19 FAIR
Janine Jackson: As media critics in election season, our preeminent concern is less how fair the press are to this or that candidate, than how fair they are to the public. That means substantive reporting, not just on candidates, their records and proposals, but on the voting process itself, and specifically the distance between the system we have and the democracy we rhetorically invoke, and that some of us actually seek.
Rob Richie on Ranked Choice Voting, Netfa Freeman on Police Militarization
This week on CounterSpin: The November 5 elections had some big news: Virginia Democrats flipping both houses of the state legislature and, as we record, something very much still happening in the race for Kentucky governor.
Sarah Palin loses Alaska special election to Democrat Mary Peltola
by Associated Press 1/9/22 The Guardian
The Democrat Mary Peltola has won the special election for Alaska’s only US House seat, besting a field that included the Republican Sarah Palin, who was seeking a political comeback in the state where she was once governor.
Concerns with Instant Runoff and Ranked Choice voting systems and how we may need to do better.
This is boosted from a comment I made earlier today. Our usual method of voting is plurality voting. Also called One Past The Post voting. Winner takes all. And often, if not usually, your choices with any chance of winning comes down to an either/or vote for one candidate or another.
Ranked choice is 'the hot reform' in democracy. Here's what you should know about it
"Ranked choice voting is the hot reform," said Larry Jacobs, a political science professor at the University of Minnesota. "It's being driven by deep, almost existential panic about the demise of American democracy. People are looking around what's going to respond to this. And ranked choice voting is the 'it' reform at this moment."
Ranked-Choice Voting Delivers Democrats A House Seat
by Steve Mistler ,Domenico Montanaro 15/11/18 npr
A House Republican who represents the northern part of Maine became the latest incumbent to be unseated as the Democrats' blue wave continues more than a week after Election Day.
Ranked choice voting is being touted as a cure-all for U.S. deep partisan divides
by All Things Considered 3/12/23 npr
This is news to no one, but a lot of Americans are worried about the state of democracy here. More than 8 in 10 Americans feel there's a serious threat to democracy in the U.S., according to an NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll that was conducted after the midterms. And that anxiety has many people open to new ways of doing things, even voting.
Laboratories of Democracy: San Francisco voters rank their candidates. It’s made politics a little less nasty.
Ranked choice voting could be the future of elections in America.
Get the scoop on ranked-choice voting
by Way Mullery, Ethan Cohen and Byron Manley 24/6/25 CNN politics
The ranked-choice voting process that New York City voters will use in the Democratic primary for mayor can be confusing, but the rules don’t have to give you brain freeze.
Can Ranked-Choice Voting Save American Democracy?
by Isaac Chotiner 10/1/20 THE NEW YORKER
In his new book, “Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America,” the political scientist Lee Drutman explains the ways in which he thinks American democracy has atrophied or broken down, and what can be done to heal it. “Trump may not so much be the problem,” Drutman writes. “He is instead the symptom of something much bigger.” That something is our two-party structure, which Drutman believes has approached collapse.
If we’re abolishing the Electoral College, let’s also have ranked-choice voting for president
It would maximize participation and broad-based appeal, and improve our democracy.
Ranked-choice voting isa already changing politics for the better
by Katrina Vanden Heuvel 4/5/21 The Washington Post
Some on the Right Flirt With a Voting Method the Left Loves
by Michael Wines 8/2/24 The New York Times
Long viewed as an intriguing, if somewhat wonky, approach to conducting elections, ranked-choice voting — allowing voters to list candidates in order of preference instead of selecting just one — appears to be having a moment.
'If You Can Keep It': The Realities Of Ranked Choice Voting
Both major political parties have now wrapped up their conventions. In one way, they're advertisements for why Americans should vote for each party's candidates, from president all the way down the ticket.
Missouri joins other red states in trying to stamp out ranked choice voting
Ranked choice voting allows voters to rank candidates and ensures the winner gains majority support, as compared to the vast majority of elections, where someone can win with a plurality of votes.
The single transferable vote and ethnic conflict: The evidence from Northern Ireland
by Paul Mitchell 3/14 ScienceDirect
There has been a long-running debate amongst constitutional engineers between those who favour the proportional representation of parties (usually via PR-Closed List systems) and post-election power-sharing (Lijphart) and those who favour attempting to induce pre-election inter-ethnic ‘vote-pooling’ (Horowitz) as a more effective and stable method of governing divided societies.
Single transferable vote with Borda elimination: proportional representation, moderation, quasi-chaos and stability
by Chris Geller 6/05 ScienceDirect
Modifying single transferable vote (STV) by removing candidates according to their Borda scores creates a new vote counting system (STV-B) that is not quasi-chaotic, results in proportional representation, and promotes the election of moderate candidates. Dummett, M.A.E. [1997. Principles of Electoral Reform. Oxford University, New York] noted quasi-chaos in STV and proposed the “Quota/Borda system” (QBS) as a solution.
Making wasted votes count: Turnout, transfers, and preferential voting in practice
by James W. Endersby 3/14 ScienceDirect
Proponents of electoral reform champion the single transferable vote (STV) or aligned forms of preferential voting (AV, IRV, RCV) as a method to improve participation among and representation of the general public. Voters provide an ordinal ranking among alternatives on the ballot, and ballots not used to elect a candidate are transferred to another favored alternative.
Confused or competent? How voters use the STV ballot paper
by John Curtice 6/14 ScienceDirect
STV is often extolled because it allows voters to express a nuanced choice, but is criticised for being too confusing. In practice the system is little used, but evidence from where it is indicates much depends on how voters choose to use it. STV was used for the first time in Scottish local elections in 2007, providing valuable new evidence on how voters respond to the system.
Electoral Reform and Party Adaptation: The Introduction of the Single Transferable Vote in Scotland
by ALISTAIR CLARK, LYNN BENNIE 22/5/08 WILEY
The 2007 Scottish Local Government Elections saw the first large scale use of the Single Transferable Vote (STV) in a mainland election in Britain. This presented a range of challenges for Scotland's political parties, more familiar with campaigning under first-past-the-post or the Scottish parliament's semi-proportional Additional Member System (AMS). Most crucially, STV meant the parties had to come to terms with multi-member wards and the transferral of votes between parties. Following a short discussion of the results of the STV elections, this article assesses evidence on how the parties adapted to the new electoral system, focussing particularly on candidate and campaign strategies.
Japan's new electoral system:: la plus ça change
by Margaret McKean 12/2000 ScienceDirect
We examine the impact on parties and candidates of Japan's new electoral rules, first used in the 1996 House of Representatives election. We argue that the Japanese rules, which not only permit dual candidacy but also allow votes cast in the single member district (SMD) portion of the race to allocate proportional representation (PR) seats to dual candidates, effectively defeat the purposes of electoral reform.
A characterization of proportionally representative committees
by Haris Aziz 5/22 ScienceDirect
In multiwinner elections, a central concern is proportional representation of voters. Around the world, prominent electoral reform movements advocate for electoral systems that guarantee proportional representation. For example, the Electoral Reform Society in the United Kingdom has the goal of having “public authorities in the UK elected by proportional representation,”1 and the FairVote organization in the United States is “committed to finding practical ways to advance […] American forms of proportional representation.
