History of Black Newspapers
From WikiDemocracy
Recent and Dated Articles / Research Guides
Bold, Truth-Telling: Learning from Pan-African Journalism
| Nesrine Malik | The Guardian | June 24, 2026
This article reflects on the history of Pan-African journalism, including newspapers such as the Negro World. It connects Black-led media to anticolonial movements, diaspora networks, and political imagination.
African American Newspapers and Periodicals
| Staff | Penn State University Libraries | June 22, 2026
This library guide points researchers to major collections of African American newspapers and periodicals. It includes early titles such as Freedom’s Journal, The North Star, and The National Era.
African American and Ethnic Newspapers
| Staff | USC Libraries | May 28, 2026
This guide lists African American newspaper collections and databases, including nineteenth-century and twentieth-century titles. It is useful for comparative research on ethnic, immigrant, and Black community newspapers.
19th-Century Newspapers and Periodicals
| Staff | University of Delaware Library | May 27, 2026
This guide connects Black newspapers to the Colored Conventions movement. It helps researchers study how newspapers supported political conventions, abolitionist networks, and Black public debate.
African American Newspapers
| Staff | University of Illinois Library | March 30, 2026
This guide summarizes research resources for African American newspapers. It identifies Freedom’s Journal as the first known African American newspaper and connects Black periodicals to broader Black history research.
Researching Black History at the BPL: Black Newspapers
| Staff | Boston Public Library | February 25, 2026
This guide explains the importance of Black newspapers for researching African American history. It notes the long tradition of Black-owned and Black-edited newspapers from Freedom’s Journal onward.
The Richmond Free Press Is Closing
| Laura Vozzella | The Washington Post | February 13, 2026
This article reports on the closing of the Richmond Free Press, a Black-owned weekly newspaper in Virginia’s capital. It connects the history of Black newspapers to current struggles over advertising, local news, and community preservation.
The Black Press: Historical Black Magazines and Newspapers
| Staff | University of Northern Iowa Rod Library | January 8, 2026
This guide provides research access points for Black newspapers and magazines. It emphasizes how Black periodicals preserved voices often excluded from mainstream newspapers.
Colored Conventions Project: Newspapers and Periodicals
| Staff | Queen’s University Library | August 13, 2025
This guide lists newspapers and journals related to nineteenth-century Black organizing. It is useful for tracing how conventions, churches, editors, and activists used print to build national networks.
African American Newspapers Topic Guide
| Staff | Emory Libraries | March 27, 2025
This research guide highlights databases and collections for African American newspapers. It is helpful for locating Black newspapers as primary sources for civil rights, migration, politics, religion, and community history.
Bringing Historical Black Newspapers into the Digital Age
| Associated Press | PBS NewsHour | February 28, 2023
This article covers efforts to digitize historic Black newspapers through Howard University’s Black Press Archives. It shows how students and archivists are making local Black history more accessible to researchers, families, and communities.
Searching African American Newspapers in Chronicling America
| Amber Paranick | Library of Congress | February 28, 2023
This Library of Congress guide explains how to locate African American newspapers in Chronicling America. It is useful for finding digitized Black newspapers by state, title, date range, and subject heading.
African American Newspapers Added to Chronicling America
| Amber Paranick | Library of Congress | February 28, 2022
This article describes the addition of more African American newspaper pages to Chronicling America. It highlights the national scope of Black newspapers and the importance of preserving local titles.
The Legacy of a Radical Black Newspaperman
| Kelefa Sanneh | The New Yorker | November 18, 2019
This article profiles William Monroe Trotter and his use of the Boston Guardian as a militant civil rights platform. It connects Black newspaper history to protest politics, anti-lynching activism, and international advocacy.
General Overviews, Archives, and Research Portals
Too Long Have Others Spoken for Us
| Staff | PBS: The Black Press | n.d.
This PBS overview explains the founding purpose of the Black press, beginning with Freedom’s Journal in 1827. It frames Black newspapers as a response to hostile white newspapers and as a vehicle for self-representation, abolitionism, education, and community news.
The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords
This article introduces the documentary “The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords,” which traces African American newspapers from the early nineteenth century through the civil rights era. It highlights Black journalists as organizers, watchdogs, and cultural leaders.
Black Press Archive
| Staff | Howard University Moorland-Spingarn Research Center | n.d.
This archive page describes Howard University’s major Black newspaper collection, including thousands of titles from the United States, Africa, and the African diaspora. It is a key research source for the history of Black journalism.
Black Newspaper Collection
This collection page describes ProQuest’s historical Black newspaper archive, which includes major African American newspapers from 1893 to 2010. The collection supports research on Reconstruction, migration, civil rights, politics, business, and culture.
African American Newspapers: The 19th Century
| Staff | New York Public Library | n.d.
This NYPL resource describes a searchable collection of nineteenth-century African American newspapers. It is especially useful for researching abolition, early Black political organizing, and post-emancipation public life.
African American Newspapers, Series 1 and 2, 1827–1998
This archive description covers more than 350 African American newspapers from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It shows the depth of Black newspaper publishing across regions, eras, and political movements.
African American Newspapers, Magazines, and Journals
This BlackPast resource lists major African American newspapers, magazines, and journals. It is useful as a starting point for identifying historic Black publications and locating archives or current successors.
African American Historical Newspapers
| Staff | U.S. Department of the Interior Library | n.d.
This library resource describes African American newspaper databases and explains their value for studying Black communities. It points researchers toward primary sources from multiple regions and historical periods.
Historical Black Newspapers
| Staff | DC Public Library | n.d.
This DC Public Library resource lists major historical Black newspapers available through database access. It includes titles such as the Chicago Defender, Baltimore Afro-American, Pittsburgh Courier, Philadelphia Tribune, and New York Amsterdam News.
Primary Sources for African American Newspapers
| Staff | Iowa State University Library | n.d.
This research guide identifies primary-source collections that include African American newspapers. It highlights newspapers as records of Black political thought, everyday life, and organizing.
Black Press Research Collective
| Staff | Black Press Research Collective | n.d.
This page introduces a scholarly collective focused on the Black periodical press. It frames Black newspapers as central to African diaspora history, political thought, and digital humanities research.
Chronicling America
| Staff | Library of Congress | n.d.
This Library of Congress collection contains millions of digitized historic newspaper pages. Its African American newspaper holdings are essential for studying Black journalism, local communities, and public debate through 1963.
African American Newspapers
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This overview summarizes the history of African American newspapers from Freedom’s Journal through the twenty-first century. It is useful for identifying major titles, editors, organizations, and themes.
List of African American Newspapers
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list provides a broad directory of African American newspapers and media outlets. It is useful for identifying local Black papers by state, city, and publication status.
Early Black Press, Abolitionist, and Reconstruction Newspapers
Freedom’s Journal
| Staff | Wisconsin Historical Society | n.d.
This article describes Freedom’s Journal, founded in New York in 1827 as the first African American newspaper. It explains the paper’s role in opposing racist coverage and building a national Black public voice.
Freedom’s Journal
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This overview covers the founding, editors, circulation, and politics of Freedom’s Journal. It is useful for understanding the origins of Black newspaper publishing in the United States.
The North Star
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article summarizes Frederick Douglass’s abolitionist newspaper, The North Star. It explains the paper’s motto, reform commitments, and importance in antislavery journalism.
Frederick Douglass’ Paper
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the newspaper that succeeded The North Star after Douglass merged his paper with the Liberty Party Paper. It shows how Douglass used journalism to advocate abolition and Black citizenship.
Douglass Monthly
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article describes Douglass Monthly, a later publication edited by Frederick Douglass. It is useful for tracing Douglass’s continued use of print during the Civil War era.
The Colored American
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Colored American, an important nineteenth-century Black newspaper in New York. It reflects early Black political organizing, abolitionism, and community reporting.
The Christian Recorder
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article describes The Christian Recorder, the newspaper of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. It shows how Black religious institutions became major publishers and news networks.
The National Era
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The National Era, an antislavery newspaper that published Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin serially. It is relevant to Black press history because it circulated abolitionist arguments and Black-related reform debates.
Daily National Era
| Staff | Chronicling America, Library of Congress | n.d.
This newspaper record documents the Daily National Era, a Washington, D.C., antislavery publication. Its digitized issues help researchers study abolitionist journalism and public debate over slavery.
New National Era
| Staff | Library of Congress | n.d.
This Library of Congress record covers the New National Era, a Reconstruction-era Washington, D.C., newspaper associated with Frederick Douglass. It is valuable for studying Black politics after emancipation.
The People’s Advocate
| Staff | Chronicling America, Library of Congress | n.d.
This record covers The People’s Advocate, an African American newspaper connected to Washington, D.C., and Alexandria, Virginia. It provides evidence of Black political journalism during Reconstruction and the post-Reconstruction era.
The Commoner
| Staff | Chronicling America, Library of Congress | n.d.
This Chronicling America record documents The Commoner, a short-lived African American newspaper in Washington, D.C. The title helps show how many Black papers were local, political, and fragile.
The New Orleans Tribune
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the New Orleans Tribune, one of the first Black daily newspapers in the United States. It is central to Reconstruction-era Black political history and bilingual journalism.
The Elevator
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article describes The Elevator, a San Francisco African American newspaper edited by Philip A. Bell. It highlights Black civil rights advocacy in California after the Civil War.
The Pacific Appeal
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Pacific Appeal, a nineteenth-century Black newspaper in San Francisco. It helps document Black activism, education debates, and civil rights struggles in the West.
The Provincial Freeman
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Provincial Freeman, an abolitionist newspaper in Canada edited by Mary Ann Shadd Cary. It shows the international reach of Black print culture and antislavery activism.
The Anglo-African Magazine
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article describes The Anglo-African Magazine, an important nineteenth-century African American periodical. It shows how Black editors developed literary, political, and historical forums beyond the newspaper format.
The Anglo-African
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Anglo-African newspaper and its role in antebellum Black print culture. It is useful for studying Black intellectual life and abolitionist networks.
The Colored American Magazine
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the early twentieth-century magazine that published Black literature, history, and commentary. It is relevant to Black newspaper history because many editors and readers moved between newspapers, magazines, and reform organizations.
Major Black Newspapers and Newspaper Chains
The Chicago Defender
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article summarizes the Chicago Defender, one of the most influential Black newspapers in U.S. history. It is especially important for studying the Great Migration, anti-lynching campaigns, and urban Black politics.
The Pittsburgh Courier
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Pittsburgh Courier, a nationally influential Black newspaper. It is best known for its civil rights coverage, sports journalism, and Double V campaign during World War II.
The Baltimore Afro-American
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Afro-American newspaper chain, founded in Baltimore. It highlights Black family ownership, national editions, and long-term coverage of civil rights, education, and community life.
The AFRO Black History Archives
| Staff | Afro-American Newspapers | n.d.
This archive provides access to historic material from the AFRO newspapers. It is a major source for studying Black Baltimore, Washington, civil rights campaigns, and African American community history.
The Philadelphia Tribune
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Philadelphia Tribune, one of the oldest continuously published African American newspapers. It documents Black civic life, politics, culture, and community leadership in Philadelphia.
The New York Amsterdam News
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article summarizes the New York Amsterdam News, a major Black newspaper rooted in Harlem. It is important for studying the Harlem Renaissance, civil rights, labor, and New York politics.
The Atlanta Daily World
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Atlanta Daily World, one of the first successful Black daily newspapers. It is central to the history of Black journalism in the South and Atlanta’s Black business community.
The Norfolk Journal and Guide
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article describes the Norfolk Journal and Guide, one of the most respected Black newspapers of the twentieth century. It covered military life, civil rights, business, and Black communities in Virginia and beyond.
The Cleveland Call and Post
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Cleveland Call and Post, a major Black newspaper in Ohio. It is important for studying urban Black politics, civil rights, and the leadership of editor William O. Walker.
The Kansas City Call
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Kansas City Call, founded by Chester A. Franklin. It documents Black civic life, segregation battles, and political organizing in Missouri and Kansas.
The Los Angeles Sentinel
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article summarizes the Los Angeles Sentinel, a major Black newspaper in California. It is important for studying Black Los Angeles, migration, entertainment, politics, and civil rights.
The California Eagle
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the California Eagle, a Los Angeles Black newspaper associated with Charlotta Bass. It highlights anti-discrimination campaigns, housing fights, and Black political organizing.
The Michigan Chronicle
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Michigan Chronicle, a Detroit-based Black newspaper. It is useful for studying the Great Migration, labor politics, auto-industry communities, and civil rights in Michigan.
The St. Louis American
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the St. Louis American, a Black newspaper founded in Missouri. It documents Black community life, politics, education, and civil rights in the St. Louis region.
The Indianapolis Recorder
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article summarizes the Indianapolis Recorder, one of the oldest African American newspapers in the United States. It is important for studying Black Indiana, local politics, and community culture.
The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder, a long-running Black newspaper in Minnesota. It documents Black life in the Twin Cities and the northern Midwest.
Regional and Local Black Newspapers
The Washington Bee
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article summarizes The Washington Bee, a long-running African American newspaper in Washington, D.C. It is important for studying Black journalism, Republican politics, and civic life in the capital.
The Washington Tribune
| Staff | Library of Congress | n.d.
This Library of Congress record covers The Washington Tribune, a Black newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It helps document Black public life in the capital during the early twentieth century.
Washington Afro-American
| Staff | Chronicling America, Library of Congress | n.d.
This record documents the Washington edition of the Afro-American newspaper. It shows how major Black newspaper chains served local readers while connecting them to national Black news.
Washington Afro-American and the Washington Tribune
| Staff | Chronicling America, Library of Congress | n.d.
This record documents a later Washington Black newspaper title that combined the Afro-American and Tribune traditions. It reflects continuity and consolidation in Black newspaper publishing.
The Appeal
| Staff | Chronicling America, Library of Congress | n.d.
This record documents The Appeal, a Black newspaper associated with Saint Paul, Minneapolis, and Chicago. It is valuable for studying Black politics and community life in the Upper Midwest.
The Richmond Planet
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Richmond Planet, a Black newspaper in Virginia. It is closely associated with editor John Mitchell Jr. and anti-lynching, civil rights, and Reconstruction memory.
The Boston Guardian
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers William Monroe Trotter’s Boston Guardian. It is important for studying radical Black journalism, anti-Booker T. Washington politics, and early twentieth-century civil rights activism.
The Plaindealer
| Staff | Library of Congress | n.d.
This Library of Congress record covers the Detroit Plaindealer, an early successful African American newspaper in Detroit. It is useful for studying Black political and civil rights journalism in the late nineteenth century.
The Indianapolis Freeman
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Indianapolis Freeman, a nationally circulated Black newspaper. It is especially valuable for research on Black entertainment, politics, and community news in the late nineteenth century.
The Broad Ax
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article describes The Broad Ax, an African American newspaper published in Salt Lake City and Chicago. It shows how Black newspapers circulated political commentary across western and midwestern cities.
The Negro Star
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Negro Star, founded in Mississippi and later published in Wichita, Kansas. It documents Black journalism, business networks, and community news in the early twentieth century.
The Oklahoma Eagle
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Oklahoma Eagle, a Black newspaper in Tulsa. It is vital for research on Greenwood, the Tulsa Race Massacre’s aftermath, and Black community rebuilding.
The Black Dispatch
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Black Dispatch, an Oklahoma City African American newspaper. It reflects Black political life, civil rights activism, and community organizing in Oklahoma.
The Seattle Medium
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Seattle Medium, a Black newspaper serving the Pacific Northwest. It documents Black politics, business, culture, and community advocacy in Washington State.
The Skanner
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Skanner, a Black newspaper serving Portland and Seattle. It is useful for studying Black media in the Pacific Northwest and late twentieth-century community journalism.
The Sacramento Observer
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Sacramento Observer, a Black newspaper in California’s capital. It highlights Black political journalism, civil rights coverage, and community news in Northern California.
The Dallas Express
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Dallas Express, a historic African American newspaper in Texas. It helps document Black political, social, and business life in Dallas.
The Houston Defender
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Houston Defender, a Black newspaper in Texas. It is useful for studying Black urban life, segregation, and civil rights journalism in Houston.
The Houston Forward Times
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Houston Forward Times, a Black-owned newspaper founded during the civil rights era. It documents Houston’s Black community, politics, and social change.
The Birmingham Times
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Birmingham Times, an African American newspaper in Alabama. It is useful for researching civil rights-era Birmingham and Black community journalism.
The Carolina Times
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Carolina Times, a Black newspaper in Durham, North Carolina. It is important for studying civil rights, Black education, and North Carolina community politics.
The Miami Times
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Miami Times, a long-running Black newspaper in Florida. It documents Black Miami, segregation, civil rights struggles, and Caribbean American community life.
The Florida Sentinel Bulletin
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Florida Sentinel Bulletin, a Black newspaper in Tampa. It is useful for researching Black Floridian politics, culture, and community institutions.
The Arizona Informant
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Arizona Informant, a Black newspaper in Phoenix. It documents African American life, politics, and organizing in the Southwest.
The San Francisco Sun-Reporter
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Sun-Reporter, a Black newspaper in San Francisco. It is useful for studying Black journalism, politics, and civil rights activism in the Bay Area.
The Oakland Post
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Oakland Post, part of a Black newspaper group in the San Francisco Bay Area. It documents Black East Bay politics, business, and community issues.
Richmond Free Press
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Richmond Free Press, founded to provide Black community news and accountability journalism in Richmond. It is useful for studying the late twentieth-century and contemporary Black press.
Arkansas State Press
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Arkansas State Press, founded by Daisy and L. C. Bates. It is important for studying Black newspaper advocacy during the civil rights movement and school desegregation.
Editors, Publishers, Journalists, and Press Leaders
Mary Ann Shadd Cary
| Staff | National Women’s History Museum | n.d.
This biography explains Shadd Cary’s work as a pioneering Black woman editor and publisher. Her newspaper work linked abolition, emigration debates, education, and women’s leadership.
Robert S. Abbott
This biography covers Robert S. Abbott, founder of the Chicago Defender. It explains how Abbott built a national Black newspaper that encouraged migration and challenged racial violence.
John H. Sengstacke
This biography describes John H. Sengstacke, publisher of the Chicago Defender and leader in the Black newspaper industry. It connects the Black press to civil rights advocacy and business consolidation.
William Alexander Scott II
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the founder of the Atlanta Daily World. It helps explain how Black newspaper entrepreneurship developed in the Jim Crow South.
P. B. Young Sr.
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers P. B. Young Sr., publisher of the Norfolk Journal and Guide. It connects Black newspaper publishing to civic leadership, business, and civil rights journalism.
William O. Walker
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the influential publisher of the Cleveland Call and Post. It shows how Black newspaper leaders often became political power brokers and civil rights advocates.
Chester A. Franklin
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the founder and publisher of the Kansas City Call. It shows how Black editors built institutions that combined journalism, entrepreneurship, and racial advocacy.
Charlotta Bass
| Staff | National Women’s History Museum | n.d.
This biography covers Charlotta Bass, editor and publisher of the California Eagle. It shows how Black women used newspaper leadership to fight segregation, police abuse, and housing discrimination.
John Mitchell Jr.
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers John Mitchell Jr., editor of the Richmond Planet. It shows how Black newspaper editors confronted lynching and segregation while building political influence.
Marcus Garvey
This biography explains Garvey’s movement and the role of the Negro World in spreading Pan-African and Black nationalist ideas. It connects newspaper publishing to global Black organizing.
W. E. B. Du Bois
This biography covers Du Bois’s work as editor, scholar, and activist. His editorial leadership at The Crisis made Black periodical publishing a major force in national civil rights debate.
Ida B. Wells
| Staff | National Women’s History Museum | n.d.
This biography covers Ida B. Wells’s work as a journalist and anti-lynching crusader. Her newspaper investigations demonstrated the power of Black journalism to expose racial terror and mobilize reform.
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
This BlackPast biography explains Wells-Barnett’s newspaper career and anti-lynching activism. It connects Black press history to investigative journalism, women’s leadership, and civil rights campaigns.
Claude Barnett
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Claude Barnett, founder of the Associated Negro Press. It connects Black newspapers to news syndication, international reporting, and modern Black public relations.
Ethel Payne
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Ethel Payne, a Chicago Defender journalist known as the “First Lady of the Black Press.” It shows how Black reporters challenged presidents, covered civil rights, and broadened national journalism.
Marvel Cooke
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Marvel Cooke, a pioneering Black woman journalist who worked for Black and mainstream newspapers. Her career connects the Black press to labor reporting, civil rights, and investigative journalism.
Alice Allison Dunnigan
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Alice Allison Dunnigan, the first Black woman credentialed to cover the White House and Congress. It shows the barriers Black journalists faced and the influence they gained.
Carl Murphy
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Carl Murphy, longtime publisher of the Afro-American newspapers. It connects Black newspaper leadership to education, civil rights, politics, and national Black news networks.
Daisy Bates
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Daisy Bates, civil rights activist and publisher of the Arkansas State Press. Her newspaper work supported school desegregation and made Black journalism central to the Little Rock crisis.
Robert F. Williams
This biography explains Robert F. Williams’s activism and media work. It connects Black journalism to self-defense politics, exile, radio, and international solidarity.
Movement, Religious, Pan-African, and Political Press
Double V Campaign
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article explains the Pittsburgh Courier’s Double V campaign for victory against fascism abroad and racism at home. It shows how Black newspapers shaped wartime civil rights politics.
The Final Call
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Final Call, a newspaper associated with the Nation of Islam. It is relevant to the broader Black press because it shows how religious and political movements built their own media channels.
Muhammad Speaks
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Muhammad Speaks, a major Nation of Islam newspaper. It shows how Black nationalist journalism circulated religious, political, international, and community news.
The Negro World
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Marcus Garvey’s Negro World, a major international Black newspaper. It is central to Pan-African journalism, Black nationalism, and diaspora print networks.
Freedom Newspaper
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Freedom, the left-wing African American newspaper associated with Paul Robeson and W. E. B. Du Bois. It shows how Black newspapers linked civil rights, labor, anticolonialism, and Cold War politics.
Freedomways
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers Freedomways, a Black political and cultural journal that followed the Freedom newspaper tradition. It is relevant for studying continuity between Black newspapers, magazines, and civil rights intellectual life.
The Crisis
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Crisis, the NAACP magazine founded under W. E. B. Du Bois. Though a magazine rather than a newspaper, it is essential to Black press history because it shaped civil rights journalism and Black literary culture.
Free Speech and Headlight
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Memphis newspaper co-owned and edited by Ida B. Wells. It is important because white mobs destroyed its office after Wells exposed lynching.
The Memphis Free Speech
| Staff | Library of Congress | n.d.
This Library of Congress record documents the Memphis Free Speech, associated with Ida B. Wells. It is a key source for researching Black investigative journalism and anti-lynching activism.
National Newspaper Publishers Association
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the NNPA, the trade association for Black newspaper publishers. It shows how Black newspapers organized collectively to defend advertising access, civil rights, and press influence.
National Negro Press Association
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the earlier Black newspaper publishers’ association. It is important for understanding how Black editors built professional networks before the modern NNPA.
Associated Negro Press
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Associated Negro Press, a Black news service founded in Chicago. It shows how Black newspapers shared national and international stories across a syndicated network.
The Black Panther Newspaper
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the Black Panther Party newspaper. It shows how movement newspapers used reporting, artwork, and political education to build national and international support.
Intercommunal News Service
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers the later title of the Black Panther newspaper. It is useful for studying radical Black media, community organizing, and visual political communication.
The Crusader
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Crusader, a newspaper associated with Robert F. Williams and Black freedom struggles. It is relevant to the history of militant Black journalism and international civil rights politics.
The Black Scholar
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This article covers The Black Scholar, an influential journal of Black studies and political thought. It is relevant to Black press history as part of the broader Black periodical tradition after the 1960s.
Soul City and Black Press Coverage
This article covers Soul City, a planned Black-majority community in North Carolina, a subject widely covered in Black newspapers. It is useful for studying how Black media reported on economic development and self-determination.
State and City Directories of African American Newspapers
List of African American Newspapers in New York
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers published in New York. It is useful for studying the state’s central role in early Black print culture, abolitionism, Harlem journalism, and urban politics.
List of African American Newspapers in Illinois
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers published in Illinois. It is especially useful for researching Chicago as a national center of Black journalism.
List of African American Newspapers in California
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in California. It helps researchers trace Black press history in San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, Sacramento, and other western communities.
List of African American Newspapers in Washington, D.C.
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers published in the nation’s capital. It is useful for researching Reconstruction politics, federal civil rights debates, and local Black community journalism.
List of African American Newspapers in Pennsylvania
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Pennsylvania, including major Philadelphia and Pittsburgh titles. It helps researchers compare local and national Black press traditions.
List of African American Newspapers in Ohio
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Ohio. It is useful for studying Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus, and other urban Black communities.
List of African American Newspapers in Texas
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Texas. It helps document Black journalism in Dallas, Houston, Fort Worth, Austin, and smaller communities.
List of African American Newspapers in Florida
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Florida. It is useful for researching Black communities in Miami, Tampa, Jacksonville, Pensacola, and other cities.
List of African American Newspapers in North Carolina
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in North Carolina. It helps trace the state’s Black press from Reconstruction through civil rights and contemporary community journalism.
List of African American Newspapers in Georgia
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Georgia. It is especially useful for studying Atlanta’s Black press and the development of Black daily newspaper publishing.
List of African American Newspapers in Virginia
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Virginia. It supports research on Richmond, Norfolk, Reconstruction politics, anti-lynching campaigns, and civil rights journalism.
List of African American Newspapers in Missouri
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Missouri. It is useful for studying St. Louis, Kansas City, and the role of Black newspapers in border-state politics.
List of African American Newspapers in Oklahoma
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Oklahoma. It is especially valuable for researching Tulsa, Greenwood, all-Black towns, and Black political life in the state.
List of African American Newspapers in Maryland
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Maryland. It helps researchers locate Baltimore-based titles and study the regional influence of the Afro-American newspaper chain.
List of African American Newspapers in Michigan
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Michigan. It is useful for studying Detroit, the Great Migration, industrial labor, and Black urban politics.
List of African American Newspapers in Tennessee
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Tennessee. It helps researchers study Memphis, Nashville, Ida B. Wells’s journalism, and civil rights-era community reporting.
List of African American Newspapers in Alabama
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Alabama. It is useful for researching Birmingham, Montgomery, Selma, and Black press coverage of the civil rights movement.
List of African American Newspapers in Louisiana
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Louisiana. It helps researchers trace Reconstruction journalism, Creole political life, and New Orleans Black publishing.
List of African American Newspapers in South Carolina
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in South Carolina. It is useful for researching Reconstruction, Black political leadership, and community newspapers in the Lowcountry and inland cities.
List of African American Newspapers in Kentucky
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Kentucky. It supports research on Louisville, Lexington, and border-state Black political journalism.
List of African American Newspapers in Kansas
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Kansas. It helps document Exoduster communities, Wichita, Topeka, and Black life on the plains.
List of African American Newspapers in Minnesota
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Minnesota. It is useful for studying the Twin Cities, Black migration, and northern community journalism.
List of African American Newspapers in Washington State
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Washington State. It helps researchers study Seattle, Tacoma, and Black media in the Pacific Northwest.
List of African American Newspapers in Oregon
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Oregon. It is useful for researching Portland’s Black press and the history of Black communities in the Pacific Northwest.
List of African American Newspapers in Colorado
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Colorado. It helps document Denver’s Black community, western migration, and regional civil rights journalism.
List of African American Newspapers in Arizona
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Arizona. It is useful for researching Black community institutions and journalism in Phoenix and the broader Southwest.
List of African American Newspapers in New Jersey
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in New Jersey. It helps researchers study Newark, Camden, Atlantic City, and regional Black newspaper networks.
List of African American Newspapers in Massachusetts
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Massachusetts. It is useful for researching Boston abolitionism, William Monroe Trotter, and Black political journalism in New England.
List of African American Newspapers in Connecticut
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Connecticut. It helps document Black journalism and community life in Hartford, New Haven, and other cities.
List of African American Newspapers in Arkansas
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Arkansas. It is useful for studying Daisy Bates, the Arkansas State Press, and civil rights journalism during school desegregation.
List of African American Newspapers in Mississippi
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Mississippi. It helps researchers study Jim Crow, civil rights organizing, and local Black communities in the Deep South.
List of African American Newspapers in Wisconsin
| Contributors | Wikipedia | n.d.
This list identifies Black newspapers in Wisconsin. It is useful for tracing Black press history in Milwaukee and other Wisconsin communities.
