Vaccines
From WikiDemocracy
Emerging prospects of mRNA cancer vaccines: mechanisms, formulations, and challenges in cancer immunotherapy
by Umm E. LailaUmm E. LailaWang AnWang AnZhi-Xiang Xu Zhi-Xiang Xu 24/11/2024 Frontiers
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with estimates projecting 34 million new cases by 2070 (1). Despite advancements in treatment, current therapies exhibit limitations, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions for cancer treatment. (2). The concept of mRNA cancer vaccines has emerged as a promising avenue for immunotherapy, following the success of mRNA technology in producing effective COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic. (3–6). Immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T therapies, have revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system. (7). Recently, these approaches, combined with mRNA vaccines, offer a personalized and effective strategy against cancer, providing a more targeted approach
mRNA vaccines for HIV trigger strong immune response in people
by Smriti Mallapaty 1/8/25 nature
The trial is only the third to test mRNA vaccines against HIV. “These are the first studies, so they’re very, very important,” says infectious-disease physician Sharon Lewin, who heads the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, Australia.
Addressing the Cold Reality of mRNA Vaccine Stability
by Daan J.A. Crommelin 3/21 ScienceDirect
As mRNA vaccines became the frontrunners in late-stage clinical trials to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges surrounding their formulation and stability became readily apparent. In this commentary, we first describe company proposals, based on available public information, for the (frozen) storage of mRNA vaccine drug products across the vaccine supply chain.
RNA vaccines articles from across Nature Portfolio
RNA vaccines are composed of the nucleic acid RNA, which encode antigen genes of an infectious agent. When administered to host cells, the RNA is translated into protein antigens that elicit protective immunity against the infectious agent.
Antibody Response to 2-Dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Series in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
In contrast to immunocompetent participants in vaccine trials,1,2 a low proportion (17%) of solid organ transplant recipients mounted a positive antibody response to the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, with those receiving anti–metabolite maintenance immunosuppression less likely to respond.3 In this study, we assessed antibody response after the second dose.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness
by Kizzmekia S. Corbett 5/8/20 nature
A vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Structural studies have led to the development of mutations that stabilize Betacoronavirus spike proteins in the prefusion state, improving their expression and increasing immunogenicity1.
How political attacks could crush the mRNA vaccine revolution
The day after Donald Trump moved back into the White House in January, he celebrated a US$500-billion private-sector investment in artificial intelligence (AI) with a high-profile announcement in the Roosevelt Room. The new president looked on as technology billionaire Larry Ellison highlighted one of the initiative’s most transformative goals: using messenger RNA vaccines to transform cancer treatments.
Development of a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
by Colleen Furey 23/5/24 nature communications
mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines would be useful during an influenza virus pandemic since they can be produced rapidly and do not require the generation of egg-adapted vaccine seed stocks.
mRNA vaccines take on immune tolerance
by Christine M. Wardell 30/3/21 nature biotechnology
A tolerizing mRNA vaccine prevents autoimmune disease in mice.
mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants
Plasma IgM, IgG and IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 S and RBD were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)5,6.
Preclinical data from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
by Nicolas Vabret 22/6/20 nature reviews immunology
Reflecting the urgency to develop prophylactic approaches against COVID-19, several vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials before showing efficacy in animal models. In this preprint, Corbett et al.
Systems vaccinology of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in humans
by Prabhu S. Arunachalam 12/7/21 nature
The emergency use authorization of two mRNA vaccines in less than a year from the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 represents a landmark in vaccinology1,2. Yet, how mRNA vaccines stimulate the immune system to elicit protective immune responses is unknown. Here we used a systems vaccinology approach to comprehensively profile the innate and adaptive immune responses of 56 healthy volunteers who were vaccinated with the Pfizer–BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2).
Trends in Biotechnology
by Jerome D.G. Comes 11/23 ScienceDirect
The next step in mRNA vaccine design is the application of viral-based self-amplifying mRNAs (replicons) that provide long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses upon single, low-dose immunization.
Clinical advances of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy
by Alexey V. Yaremenko 10/1/25 ScienceDirect
The development of mRNA vaccines represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, with more than 120 clinical trials to date demonstrating their potential across various malignancies, including lung, breast, prostate, melanoma, and more challenging cancers such as pancreatic and brain tumors.
Cancer mRNA vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities
by Elias J. Sayour 17/5/24 nature reviews
mRNA vaccines have been revolutionary in terms of their rapid development and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this technology has considerable potential for application to the treatment of cancer. Compared with traditional cancer vaccines based on proteins or peptides, mRNA vaccines reconcile the needs for both personalization and commercialization in a manner that is unique to each patient but not beholden to their HLA haplotype.
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
by Norbert Pardi 12/1/18 nature reviews
mRNA vaccines represent a promising alternative to conventional vaccine approaches because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for low-cost manufacture and safe administration. However, their application has until recently been restricted by the instability and inefficient in vivo delivery of mRNA.
Key considerations for a prostate cancer mRNA vaccine
by Guanjie Lin 4/25 ScienceDirect
Prostate cancer has the second highest cancer mortality rate in the UK in males. Early prostate cancer is typically asymptomatic, with diagnosis at a locally advanced or metastatic stage. In addition, the inherent heterogeneity of prostate cancer tumours differs significantly in terms of genetic, molecular, and histological features. The successful treatment of prostate cancer is therefore exceedingly challenging. Immunotherapies, particularly therapeutic vaccines, have been widely used in preclinical and clinical studies to treat various cancers.
Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer
by Luis A. Rojas 10/5/23 nature
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lethal in 88% of patients1, yet harbours mutation-derived T cell neoantigens that are suitable for vaccines 2,3. Here in a phase I trial of adjuvant autogene cevumeran, an individualized neoantigen vaccine based on uridine mRNA–lipoplex nanoparticles, we synthesized mRNA neoantigen vaccines in real time from surgically resected PDAC tumours.
