Christian Nationalism and Jewish Americans
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Christian Nationalism and Jewish Americans
Christian nationalism presents a distinctive set of questions for Jewish Americans because it connects American national identity with Christianity while Jews constitute a historically established but explicitly non-Christian religious minority. The research, polling, historical scholarship, Jewish commentary, and reporting collected here show that Jewish Americans are among the religious groups most consistently opposed to Christian nationalism.
The relationship is nevertheless more complicated than a simple conflict between Christians and Jews. Some Christian-nationalist movements strongly support Israel, employ Jewish symbols, describe American culture as "Judeo-Christian," and seek alliances with Jewish conservatives. Other currents openly promote Christian supremacy, antisemitism, Christian Identity theology, or ideas that treat Jews as outsiders within an essentially Christian nation. Between these poles are movements that welcome Jews as allies while nevertheless envisioning Christianity as having a privileged position in American political and cultural life.
The central question raised by the material is therefore not merely whether Christian nationalists express favorable attitudes toward Jews or Israel. It is whether Jews and Judaism are accorded genuinely equal standing in a political system whose national identity is defined primarily or exclusively as Christian.
Jewish-American Attitudes Toward Christian Nationalism
Survey research consistently finds unusually strong Jewish opposition to Christian nationalism.
Public Religion Research Institute surveys conducted across several years place Jewish Americans among the groups least likely to qualify as Christian-nationalist adherents or sympathizers and among those most likely to be classified as skeptics or rejecters. In the 2024 resistance analysis, approximately 92 percent of Jewish Americans were categorized as either Christian-nationalism skeptics or rejecters.
Pew Research Center polling similarly demonstrates substantial Jewish opposition to combining Christianity with governmental authority. In 2024, 49 percent of Jewish respondents reported an unfavorable opinion of Christian nationalism, while only about 1 percent expressed a favorable opinion. Approximately 79 percent said the Bible should have little or no influence on American law.
Jewish awareness of minority status is also important. Pew reported that 83 percent of Jewish Americans considered themselves members of a religious minority. Movements proposing that Christianity should define American national identity therefore raise questions that may appear less immediate to members of the country's historically dominant religious tradition.
An American Jewish Committee survey found especially widespread concern about Christian nationalism as a source of antisemitism. The concern crossed partisan divisions, suggesting that Jewish apprehension about Christian political supremacy is not confined to one political faction within the Jewish community.
Jewish opposition to Christian nationalism should not be interpreted as opposition to Christianity itself. The material repeatedly distinguishes private Christian belief and ordinary Christian political participation from an ideology that gives Christianity privileged authority over the state or national identity.
Christian Nationalism and Antisemitism
A significant body of empirical research finds an association between Christian nationalism and antisemitic attitudes.
Survey research by Jacob Dennen and Paul Djupe found that respondents scoring highly on measures of Christian nationalism were more likely to endorse antisemitic stereotypes. Their analysis suggests that social dominance—the desire to preserve Christian cultural and political authority—helps explain part of this relationship.
PRRI and Brookings research identified similar patterns. Christian-nationalist adherents were more likely than Americans overall to agree with claims that Jews possess excessive political or social power, that Jews are more loyal to Israel than to the United States, and that Jews form an unusually self-interested group.
These findings complicate the assumption that strong Christian-nationalist support for Israel necessarily signals positive attitudes toward Jewish Americans. The collected research indicates that an individual can strongly support Israel for theological, geopolitical, or prophetic reasons while simultaneously accepting stereotypes about Jews.
Conspiracy theories create another point of intersection. Research linking Christian nationalism with QAnon belief is relevant because some contemporary conspiracy narratives reproduce older themes alleging that secret elites control governments, financial institutions, media organizations, or international affairs. In extremist settings these narratives can merge with explicitly antisemitic ideas.
The material nevertheless distinguishes Christian nationalism from Christianity generally and distinguishes mainstream conservative Christians from explicitly antisemitic extremist movements. Antisemitism is not presented as a universal characteristic of Christians or even of every person expressing Christian-nationalist ideas. Rather, the research identifies measurable associations and particular movements in which Christian supremacy and antisemitism overlap.
Christian Zionism and the Israel Paradox
One of the most important themes is the complicated relationship among Christian nationalism, Christian Zionism, Israel, and American Jews.
Evangelical Christians have been important political supporters of Israel, and Jewish organizations have sometimes built durable alliances with evangelical institutions around shared support for the Jewish state. These relationships have produced significant cooperation even when the participants disagree about theology, domestic politics, and church-state separation.
Christian Zionism and Christian nationalism, however, are not identical. Christian Zionists may support Israel for theological, historical, moral, or strategic reasons without advocating Christian political supremacy in the United States. Conversely, some Christian nationalists incorporate Israel and biblical imagery into a broader vision of America as a Christian nation.
The collected material repeatedly identifies a paradox: support for a Jewish state abroad does not automatically entail support for equal religious status for Jews at home.
Christian-nationalist gatherings may display Israeli flags, sound shofars, use Hebrew terminology, invoke biblical Israel, or describe Western civilization as "Judeo-Christian." Jewish observers interpret these practices in different ways. Some view them as evidence of genuine solidarity and shared religious heritage. Others regard them as appropriation or as a way of incorporating Judaism symbolically into a fundamentally Christian political project.
End-times theology creates another complication. Some evangelical traditions regard Jewish return to Israel as significant to Christian prophecy and simultaneously hope for the eventual conversion of Jews to Christianity. Such beliefs can produce strong political support for Israel while leaving substantial theological disagreement concerning Judaism itself.
The Meaning of "Judeo-Christian" America
The term "Judeo-Christian" occupies an ambiguous position within debates over Christian nationalism.
Historically, the phrase has often been used to broaden American religious identity beyond Protestant Christianity and to emphasize shared ethical traditions among Christians and Jews. In this sense, it can serve as language of interfaith inclusion.
Critics argue, however, that "Judeo-Christian" rhetoric can also symbolically include Jews without providing genuinely equal religious authority. Judaism may be acknowledged as Christianity's historical predecessor while Christianity remains the normative religion of the nation.
This distinction becomes especially significant when political figures describe the United States as a Christian country while simultaneously assuring Jews that they are welcome participants in it. For Jewish critics, tolerance within someone else's Christian nation is different from equal ownership of a religiously pluralistic republic.
A related debate has emerged within conservative politics. Jewish conservatives have participated in National Conservatism and other movements emphasizing national tradition, social conservatism, and support for Israel. Some have subsequently confronted harder forms of Christian nationalism whose advocates reject the older language of a shared "Judeo-Christian" civilization in favor of an explicitly Christian political identity.
These disputes demonstrate that there is no single Jewish response to conservative Christianity or nationalism. Jewish political perspectives range widely, but the question of equal citizenship remains central.
Religious Liberty and Church-State Separation
American Jewish political history has been closely connected to the development of stronger protections for religious liberty and church-state separation.
Jewish organizations participated prominently in twentieth-century litigation and advocacy involving the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause. For a minority religion, governmental neutrality toward religion offered protection against compulsory participation in the practices of the Christian majority.
Christian-nationalist arguments challenge this framework when they claim that Christianity deserves a privileged place because of American history, demographic tradition, or the religious beliefs of the country's founders.
The distinction between religious freedom and Christian privilege consequently appears throughout the material. Religious freedom protects Christians' right to worship, organize, teach, speak, and participate politically. Christian privilege goes further by giving Christian beliefs, institutions, or symbols preferred governmental status.
Jewish Americans provide an important test of this distinction. Jewish organizations have generally supported robust protection for religious practice while simultaneously resisting governmental promotion of Christianity.
For many Jewish critics, church-state separation is therefore not hostility toward religion. It is the institutional mechanism that permits multiple religions to coexist without requiring one tradition to occupy a superior civic position.
Public Schools, the Bible and the Ten Commandments
Public education has repeatedly become a focal point of Jewish concern about religious majoritarianism.
Conflicts over Christianity in American public schools have a long history. Nineteenth-century disputes over Protestant Bible readings foreshadowed contemporary debates about Bible curricula, school prayer, religious displays, and the Ten Commandments.
Recent attempts to require Bible instruction or display the Ten Commandments in public classrooms have revived these questions. Jewish critics emphasize that the Bible is not interpreted identically by Christians and Jews and that even apparently shared religious documents may have denominational or theological variations.
The phrase "Judeo-Christian" does not eliminate these differences. Jewish religious traditions organize biblical texts differently, interpret commandments differently, and do not necessarily accept Christian assumptions about scripture.
Consequently, government selection of a particular Bible, translation, interpretation, curriculum, or version of the Ten Commandments can itself become a religious decision.
Jewish objections typically emphasize parental and religious freedom rather than opposition to students learning about religion. The distinction is between academically teaching about religious traditions and government institutions endorsing or promoting a religious tradition as authoritative.
Jewish Law and Christian-Nationalist Social Policy
Another recurring theme is the diversity of religious teaching hidden by generic appeals to "religious values."
Christian-nationalist political programs may advocate policies concerning abortion, reproductive medicine, marriage, sexuality, Sabbath observance, education, and family life on the basis of conservative Christian theology.
Jewish religious law does not necessarily reach the same conclusions.
Abortion is a prominent example. Major Jewish denominations reject the proposition that the theological assumptions underlying Christian opposition to abortion represent a universally religious position. Under some interpretations of Jewish law, abortion may be permissible or required under circumstances in which certain Christian traditions prohibit it.
Similar differences can arise over Sabbath practices, marriage, reproductive medicine, end-of-life questions, and religious education.
These conflicts demonstrate why legislation identified simply as advancing "religious values" may effectively advance the theology of one religion over another.
Christian Identity, White Supremacy and Historical Antisemitism
The historical material identifies explicitly antisemitic forms of Christian nationalism that differ significantly from contemporary pro-Israel evangelical politics.
British-Israelism and the later Christian Identity movement developed racial theories claiming that white Europeans were the true descendants of biblical Israel. In radical versions, Jews were portrayed as impostors, enemies, or agents of evil.
Christian Identity consequently became associated with white supremacy, racial segregation, extremist organizations, and antisemitism.
The Christian Nationalist Crusade associated with Gerald L. K. Smith provides another historical example. Smith combined militant nationalism, anti-communism, Christian political rhetoric, and antisemitism during the twentieth century.
These movements demonstrate that the phrase "Christian nationalism" and the fusion of Christian identity with exclusionary nationalism long predate the contemporary political debate.
They also help explain why some Jewish observers approach modern Christian-nationalist rhetoric through the historical experience of antisemitism, even when contemporary advocates reject explicit racial or anti-Jewish doctrines.
Christian Nationalism and the Far Right
Contemporary extremist networks provide another area where Christian nationalism and antisemitism sometimes intersect.
The January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol brought Christian flags, crosses, public prayer, biblical rhetoric, QAnon imagery, nationalist symbols, and extremist groups into the same political space. Researchers subsequently examined the relationships among these movements.
The presence of Christian symbols does not establish that every Christian participant was an extremist or that Christian belief caused political violence. Rather, scholarship examines how religious narratives can provide sacred justification for political conflict when merged with nationalist ideology.
Figures and movements on the far right have sometimes explicitly described the United States as a Christian nation in which Jews possess citizenship but do not share equal cultural ownership. Other activists have combined Christian nationalism with openly antisemitic conspiracy theories or white nationalism.
Nick Fuentes and related America First or Groyper networks represent one particularly explicit contemporary example. Their rhetoric illustrates how Christian supremacy, demographic nationalism, and hostility toward Jews can converge.
At the same time, these developments have created divisions within the political right. Pro-Israel evangelicals, Jewish conservatives, traditional conservatives, Christian nationalists, white nationalists, and openly antisemitic activists do not form a uniform ideological movement. Disputes over Jews and Israel increasingly expose significant fault lines among them.
Supersessionism and Jewish-Christian Relations
Some Jewish responses to Christian nationalism are shaped by the longer history of Christian supersessionism.
Supersessionism broadly refers to theological traditions holding that Christianity replaced or superseded Judaism as the primary covenant community. Christian denominations differ significantly in their understanding of this issue, and many modern Christian theologians and churches have explicitly rejected antisemitic interpretations of supersessionist theology.
Nevertheless, the historical experience of being treated as a superseded or subordinate religious community influences Jewish perceptions of political movements asserting Christian dominance.
The concern becomes political when theological hierarchy is translated into civic hierarchy. A claim that Christianity possesses exclusive religious truth is fundamentally different from a claim that Christians should therefore possess greater political authority.
The collected material repeatedly returns to this distinction between theological disagreement and unequal citizenship.
Jewish Security and Democratic Pluralism
Jewish opposition to Christian nationalism is frequently framed in political rather than theological terms.
Many Jewish leaders argue that American Jewish flourishing has depended on a constitutional system in which citizenship is formally independent of religion. The First Amendment, religious pluralism, and church-state separation allowed Jewish communities to maintain a distinct religious identity while participating fully in American civic life.
From this perspective, the principal concern about Christian nationalism is not that Christians bring religious beliefs into politics. Americans of every faith and no faith routinely allow moral convictions to influence political choices.
The concern arises when one religion becomes a qualification for authentic national belonging or when governmental authority is used to establish the cultural supremacy of one faith.
Jewish historical experience therefore provides a useful lens through which to examine broader questions concerning Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, atheists, nontraditional Christians, immigrants, and other minorities whose identities may fall outside definitions of "Christian America."
Conditional Inclusion and Equal Citizenship
The collected material suggests that Jewish Americans may occupy an unusual position within Christian-nationalist thought.
Judaism's biblical relationship to Christianity and the political importance of Israel can give Jews a level of acceptance unavailable to some other religious minorities. Christian Zionists may sincerely admire Jewish history, defend Israel, oppose antisemitic violence, and build close relationships with Jewish individuals and institutions.
Yet favorable treatment is not necessarily equivalent to political equality.
A system in which Jews are welcomed because Christianity assigns them a special theological role remains different from a system in which Jewish citizens possess equal standing regardless of Christian theology.
This produces what might be called conditional inclusion: Jews can be accepted as allies, biblical relatives, supporters of common political causes, or members of a "Judeo-Christian" civilization while Christianity remains the ultimate source of national legitimacy.
For critics, the decisive democratic question is whether a Jewish citizen who rejects Christian theology possesses exactly the same claim to American identity and political authority as a Christian citizen.
Conclusion
The relationship between Christian nationalism and Jewish Americans is characterized by both cooperation and profound tension.
American Jews and evangelical Christians have built important political and interfaith relationships, particularly around support for Israel. Some Christian nationalists explicitly oppose antisemitism, incorporate Jewish symbols into their political worldview, and describe Jews as important partners in defending a shared religious heritage.
At the same time, empirical research finds that stronger Christian-nationalist identification is associated with greater acceptance of several antisemitic stereotypes. Historical and contemporary extremist movements demonstrate that explicitly Christian nationalism can also merge with white supremacy, conspiracy theories, Christian Identity theology, and direct hostility toward Jews.
The resulting paradox is central to understanding the subject: political support for Israel, admiration for biblical Judaism, or use of the term "Judeo-Christian" does not by itself establish a commitment to equal citizenship for Jewish Americans.
Jewish opposition to Christian nationalism therefore focuses primarily on the relationship between religion and political authority. The underlying question is whether the United States belongs equally to citizens of every religion and no religion, or whether Christianity possesses a unique claim to national identity and governmental power.
Across the collected surveys, historical studies, legal debates, Jewish commentary, and reporting, the strongest recurring Jewish response favors a pluralistic constitutional order in which Christians are fully free to practice and advocate their faith but Christianity does not determine the civic standing of everyone else.
The central issue is ultimately one of equality: whether Jews are merely welcomed within a Christian nation or recognized as equal participants in a nation whose citizenship is not conditioned on religion.
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Jewish-American Attitudes and Polling
1. 2024 Survey of American Jewish Attitudes about Antisemitism | American Jewish Committee | AJC | February 2025
The American Jewish Committee's national survey found that 79% of American Jews viewed Christian nationalism as an antisemitic threat in the United States. Concern crossed partisan boundaries: 72% of Jewish Republicans and 84% of Jewish Democrats regarded Christian nationalism as a threat.
2. Christianity's Place in Politics and Christian Nationalism | Chip Rotolo, Gregory A. Smith and Jonathan Evans | Pew Research Center | March 15, 2024
Pew found that 49% of Jewish respondents held an unfavorable opinion of Christian nationalism while only 1% viewed it favorably. Jewish Americans were among the religious communities most negative toward the movement.
3. How Americans See Religion's Role in Public Life | Pew Research Center | March 15, 2024
Pew found that 83% of Jewish Americans think of themselves as members of a religious minority. This perception helps explain Jewish sensitivity toward movements seeking to define authentic American identity in explicitly Christian terms.
4. 45% of Americans Say the U.S. Should Be a Christian Nation | Pew Research Center | October 27, 2022
Pew's large national survey examined support for Christian nationhood, attitudes toward Christian nationalism, biblical influence on law, and church involvement in politics. Jewish respondents generally fell among the populations most skeptical of Christian political establishment.
5. Views of the U.S. as a Christian Nation and Opinions About Christian Nationalism | Pew Research Center | October 27, 2022
This analysis shows that many supporters of Christian nationhood envision Christianity occupying an institutional or cultural position unavailable to other religions. Such definitions raise obvious questions about equal citizenship for Jewish Americans.
6. U.S. Views on the Influence of Religion and the Bible in Public Life | Pew Research Center | October 27, 2022
Pew documents sharp religious differences over biblical authority in government. Jewish respondents were substantially less likely than many Christian groups to favor using the Bible as a source of American law.
7. In Their Own Words: How Americans Describe Christian Nationalism | Pew Research Center | October 27, 2022
Jewish respondents frequently described Christian nationalism as a system of Christian political dominance. One Jewish participant characterized the ideology in explicitly authoritarian and exclusionary terms, illustrating how some Jewish Americans interpret its implications for minorities.
Christian Nationalism and Antisemitism
8. Christian Zionism, Christian Nationalism & the Impact on American Jews — Part 3 | Ed Gaskin | The Times of Israel Blogs | June 30, 2025
The essay examines how Christian Zionism and Christian nationalism affect Jewish security and political belonging. It argues that Jews may be treated as valued participants in biblical prophecy while simultaneously remaining outsiders within an explicitly Christian conception of America.
9. Christian Nationalism and Modern Antisemitism | Ed Gaskin | The Times of Israel Blogs | 2025
Gaskin surveys theological and political forms of antisemitism operating inside Christian-nationalist environments, including Christian Identity, conspiracy theories, conversionist attitudes, and hostility toward Judaism.
10. Christian Nationalism and Organized White Supremacy | Scholarly authors | Politics, Religion & Ideology | 2025
This historical analysis examines Christian-nationalist rhetoric within British-Israelism and Christian Identity. It demonstrates how claims about Christian nationhood were used to legitimize racial hierarchy, segregation, white supremacy, and antisemitic political movements.
11. Are Christian Nationalists Antisemitic and Why? | Jacob Dennen and Paul A. Djupe | Social Science Quarterly | February 2023
The peer-reviewed version of the research finds that Christian nationalism independently predicts antisemitic attitudes. Social dominance orientation helps explain why nationalism framed in Christian terms may generate hostility toward a minority religious community.
12. Christian Nationalists and QAnon Followers Tend to Be Anti-Semitic | Paul A. Djupe and Jacob Dennen | The Washington Post | January 26, 2021
Survey research involving 1,704 Americans found strong links between Christian nationalism, QAnon belief, Trump support, and antisemitic stereotypes. The most committed Christian nationalists accepted substantially more antisemitic propositions than respondents least sympathetic to Christian nationalism.
January 6 and Extremist Networks
13. 'Christ Is King' Becomes a Loaded Phrase in U.S. Political Debates | Associated Press / Washington Post | March 5, 2026
The traditional Christian confession has increasingly been deployed in political disputes involving Christian nationalism and antisemitism. Religious observers emphasize that the phrase itself is not antisemitic but can acquire exclusionary meaning when used as a declaration of Christian political supremacy.
14. Who Are the Christian Nationalists? A Taxonomy for the Post-Jan. 6 World | Jack Jenkins | The Washington Post / Religion News Service | January 6, 2023
The article distinguishes different Christian-nationalist factions, including charismatic Trump prophets, Christian conservatives, and explicitly antisemitic internet-based movements. This taxonomy is useful because attitudes toward Jews differ substantially across these factions.
15. Republicans Mostly Mum on Calls to Make GOP 'Party of Christian Nationalism' | Jack Jenkins | The Washington Post | August 19, 2022
The article documents growing use of the Christian-nationalist label by politicians and activists. It highlights Andrew Torba's insistence that American conservatism should become an explicitly Christian movement and his confrontations with Jewish organizations.
16. How the Capitol Attacks Helped Spread Christian Nationalism in the Extreme Right | Michelle Boorstein | The Washington Post | January 26, 2022
The article documents how Christian nationalism became a bridge connecting previously distinct elements of the far right after January 6. Antisemitism, white nationalism, and religious rhetoric increasingly appeared within overlapping extremist networks.
17. Christian Nationalism Has Deep Roots in America, Faith Leaders Say | Michelle Boorstein | The Washington Post | January 6, 2022
Christian, Jewish, and Indigenous religious leaders examine the historical roots of Christian nationalism. Rabbi Neil Comess-Daniels connects Jewish experience of the ideology to the long Christian history of supersessionism.
Jewish–Evangelical Relations and Israel
18. Without Israel There Would Be No America? | William Keenan | The Times of Israel Blogs | June 26, 2026
The article analyzes rhetoric linking biblical Israel to America's national identity. It explores how ostensibly pro-Jewish religious language can simultaneously advance a Christian-nationalist interpretation of American history.
19. Interfaith Friends and Ideological Foes: American Jews, Evangelicals, and Israel, 1963–2018 | Amy Weiss | Oxford University Press | June 2026
Weiss traces decades of alliances between American Jewish organizations and evangelical Christians around Israel. The book explains how Jewish organizations sometimes tolerated ideological differences with evangelicals to secure political support for Israel.
20. Christian Nationalism and the Israeli Dilemma | William Keenan | The Times of Israel Blogs | 2026
The essay identifies a strategic contradiction: Christian nationalists are among Israel's strongest political supporters in the United States, but their conception of America as fundamentally Christian can place American Jews in a subordinate civic position.
21. The Language of Intractability and the Gaza War | John Agnew | Human Geography | 2024
Agnew discusses the apparent contradiction between antisemitism on parts of the nationalist right and strong political support for Israel. The article addresses Christian nationalist figures who combine pro-Israel positions with exclusionary or conspiratorial ideas about Jews.
22. One Identity, Two Flags: Christian Nationalists, the Israeli Flag and National Authenticity | Amílcar A. Barreto and HyungJin Kim | Ethnicities | 2023
Researchers compare American and South Korean Christian nationalists who display Israeli flags alongside their own national flags. They argue that the Israeli flag often functions less as foreign-policy advocacy than as a symbol of biblical national authenticity.
23. Forecast of Evangelical Support of Israel: Cloudy with a Chance of Drought | Aaron David Fruh | The Times of Israel Blogs | 2023
Fruh discusses declining Israel support among younger evangelicals while warning about antisemitic tendencies within portions of Christian nationalism. The article illustrates fractures emerging within the historically strong evangelical-Israel alliance.
24. Christian Nationalism: A Threat to Israeli National Security? | James M. Dorsey | The Times of Israel Blogs | October 29, 2022
Dorsey argues that rising antisemitism among sectors of Christian nationalism could ultimately undermine Israel's relationship with American evangelicals despite the movement's traditionally strong support for Israel.
Jewish Conservatism and National Conservatism
25. The New Christian Right, Antisemitism & U.S. Democracy | Michel Martin and Tom Gjelten | Amanpour & Company / PBS | December 19, 2025
Journalist Tom Gjelten examines growing antisemitism within sectors of the Christian right and National Conservatism. He describes how Jewish founders and supporters of National Conservatism have become increasingly alarmed by explicitly Christian supremacist currents within the coalition.
26. Jewish Founders and the National Conservatism Movement | Tom Gjelten | PBS | December 19, 2025
Gjelten notes that Jewish intellectuals played important roles in establishing the National Conservatism movement. Their belief in the value of strong national identities led them to welcome Christian nationalists, producing an increasingly difficult alliance as Christian exclusivism grew.
27. Jews Debate Mastriano's Christian Nationalist Beliefs | Sasha Rogelberg | Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle / Jewish Exponent | 2022
Pennsylvania Jews debated whether Doug Mastriano's Christian nationalist rhetoric represented a threat to Jewish equality. Jewish conservatives and liberals differed sharply over whether "Judeo-Christian values" mitigate the exclusionary implications of Christian nationalism.
28. Politicians Have Long Courted Jews Even as Antisemitism Abounds | Jonathan D. Sarna / historical commentary | The Washington Post | January 30, 2022
Historical analysis shows that American political leaders have often offered symbolic recognition to Jews while maintaining a broadly Christian conception of national culture. Jewish inclusion and Christian predominance therefore have frequently coexisted.
Jewish Religious Liberty and Public Institutions
29. How Americans Feel About Religion's Influence in Government and Public Life | Pew Research Center | May 14, 2026
Pew's 2026 survey found rising public familiarity with Christian nationalism. While 10% viewed it favorably, 31% viewed it unfavorably, and majorities continued to oppose formally establishing Christianity as the national religion.
30. Religious Nationalism Around the World | Pew Research Center | January 28, 2025
Pew compares religious nationalism across numerous countries and traditions. In the United States, Christian religious nationalists are overwhelmingly more likely than other Christians to support officially privileging Christianity.
31. What Christian Nationalism Has in Store for Jews and Other Religious Minorities | Asaf Elia-Shalev | Jewish Telegraphic Agency / Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle | November 6, 2024
Scholars interviewed by JTA warn that various Christian-nationalist models would reduce Jews and other non-Christians to unequal political status. The article distinguishes Reconstructionist, charismatic, Catholic, and other strands of the movement.
Government-Sponsored Christianity
32. Mass DC Prayer Event Seeks to Reclaim U.S. Christian Roots | Times of Israel Staff / Agencies | The Times of Israel | May 17, 2026
Coverage of Rededicate 250 examines an event built around claims about America's Christian heritage. A rabbi participated, but critics questioned whether limited Jewish inclusion transformed the underlying Christian nationalist framing.
33. Rising Awareness of Christian Nationalism | Pew Research Center | May 14, 2026
The proportion of Americans who had heard at least something about Christian nationalism increased from 45% in 2024 to 59% in 2026. Growing awareness has produced both increasing favorable and unfavorable reactions.
34. Pete Hegseth to Headline DC Faith Rally with Far-Right and Christian Nationalist Speakers | The Guardian | May 13, 2026
The report examines the Rededicate 250 rally and its combination of Christian nationalism, Christian Zionism, government officials, and religious symbolism. Critics questioned whether federal power was becoming entangled with explicitly Christian national identity.
Theological and Historical Dimensions
35. From World War I to the Holocaust | A Documentary History of Jewish-Christian Relations | Cambridge University Press | 2024
This documentary history examines the relationship between Christian antisemitism, nationalism, Christian responses to Nazism, and the development of organized Jewish-Christian dialogue.
36. Race over Religion: Christian Nationalism and Perceived Threats to National Unity | Samuel L. Perry, Andrew L. Whitehead and Joshua B. Grubbs | Sociology of Race and Ethnicity | 2024
The authors investigate how Christian nationalism shapes perceptions of racial and religious diversity. Their research suggests that apparently religion-neutral appeals to Christian nationhood often operate through racialized ideas of authentic American identity.
Jewish Identity, Belonging and Minority Citizenship
37. The Rise of Christian Nationalism | Moment Magazine / PBS Exploring Hate | April 18, 2023
A panel organized through PBS's Exploring Hate project and Moment Magazine discusses why Christian nationalism concerns Jewish communities and other minorities. The conversation places the ideology within the broader study of hate and democratic vulnerability.
38. What I Tell My Black Jewish Children About Kanye West, Antisemitism and Race | Jason Stanley | The Guardian | January 20, 2023
Philosopher Jason Stanley argues that Christian nationalism threatens Jews by envisioning Christians as culturally and politically superior citizens. He contrasts this hierarchy with the ideal of a multiracial, multireligious American democracy.
Emerging Fault Lines on the Political Right
39. When Is the Right Time to Compare U.S. Politics to the Nazi Era? | Robert P. Jones interview | The Guardian | October 3, 2026
PRRI founder Robert P. Jones argues that contemporary Christian nationalism should be analyzed alongside broader patterns of democratic backsliding, racial hierarchy, authoritarianism, and exclusionary national identity.
