View source for Probiotics

=====Probioics=====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic by  Wikipedia] 
 Probiotics are live microorganisms in foods intended to improve or restore microbiota in the gut. Probiotic products include yogurt, cheese, some fermented foods, such as sourdough bread and nattō, dietary supplements, and clinical capsules containing a specific probiotic strain.

Probiotics are considered generally safe to consume, but may cause bacteria–host interactions and unwanted side effects in some cases. Many claimed health benefits, such as treating eczema or curing vaginal infections, lack substantial scientific support.

=====Probiotics=====
[https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/14598-probiotics by Cleveland Clinic]
 Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that have beneficial effects on your body. These species already live in your body, along with many others. Probiotic supplements add to your existing supply of friendly microbes. They help fight off the less friendly types and boost your immunity against infections.

=====Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety=====
[https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-usefulness-and-safety by NIH]
 Probiotics are live microorganisms that are intended to have health benefits when consumed or applied to the body. They can be found in yogurt and other fermented foods, dietary supplements, and beauty products. Cases of severe or fatal infections have been reported in premature infants who were given probiotics, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned health care providers about this risk.

=====The benefits of probiotic bacteria=====
[https://www.health.harvard.edu/nutrition/the-benefits-of-probiotics by Harvard Health Publishing]
 In a society of antibacterial warfare, who would have thought that anyone would tout the benefits of bacteria? Living microorganisms found in yogurt and other cultured foods may help improve your body's bacterial environment inside and out. They're called probiotics, a name that means "for life."

=====The power of probiotics=====
[https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/power-probiotics by College of Veterinary Medicine Home]
 Advertisements touting the benefits of probiotics are plentiful claim that they are a cornerstone of preventative care. Probiotics boost the healthy gut bacteria that help digest food. They are a well-known therapy for diarrhea and gastrointestinal upset. More recently, they’ve been found to counter urinary tract infections, immune system disorders and even anxiety.

=====Prebiotics versus probiotics: What’s the difference?=====
[https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/prebiotics-versus-probiotics-whats-the-difference.h00-159774078.html by  Erma Levy 5/2/25 MD Anderson Cancer Center]
 Prebiotics and probiotics sound similar, but these nutrients benefit your gut health in different ways.
Here, I answer common prebiotic and probiotic questions I hear as a research dietitian, like the differences between the two, their health benefits and foods where they are found.

=====Probiotics=====
[https://isappscience.org/topic/probiotics/ by ISAPP]
 Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit. Probiotics can support health in different ways, such as helping your immune system function properly, aiding in digestion or increasing nutrient absorption. Additionally, some probiotics may help reduce certain digestive symptoms such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

=====Probiotics 101: a Beginner’s Guide=====
[https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/probiotics-101 by healthline]
 ProbioticsTrusted Source have become all the rage, making their way into everything from dietary supplements and food additives to shampoos and acne treatments. But what, exactly, are probiotics, and why are they so beneficial for our health?

=====Food as Medicine: Probiotic Foods=====
[https://www.chop.edu/health-resources/food-medicine-probiotic-foods by Children's Hospital of Philadephia]
 Probiotics are bacteria that benefit your child’s gut health. You can support your child’s gut health by including foods that contain probiotics in your family’s diet. Foods containing probiotics are also naturally full of enzymes, minerals, and vitamins. You can make many of these foods at home.

=====Optimize your metabolic & gut health=====
[https://pendulumlife.com/?srsltid=AfmBOoqzi-yHB07RSsHIcvZ6U5fHy8soiw-8-ZOM2yMNeTRipdG_iQEo by Pendulum]
 Featuring strains you can't get anywhere else, including live Akkermansia, a keystone strain that's been in 3,000+ scientific publications

=====What Are Probiotics?=====
[https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-are-probiotics by WebMD]
 Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for you, especially your digestive system. We usually think of these as germs that cause diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad. Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy.

=====Promoting a Healthy Microbiome with Food and Probiotics=====
[https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/promoting-healthy-microbiome-with-food-probiotics.asp by US Department of Veterans Affairs]
 Foods rich in choline and carnitine (e.g., red meat and eggs) are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota to form the gas trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is converted by the liver to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). This substance (an unhealthy postbiotic) has been strongly linked to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

=====International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics=====
[https://isappscience.org/ by ISAPP]
 We advance scientific excellence in probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics and fermented foods.

=====Probiotics=====
[https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/1101/p1073.html by American Family Physician]
 Probiotics are microorganisms with potential health benefits. They may be used to prevent and treat antibiotic-associated diarrhea and acute infectious diarrhea. They may also be effective in relieving symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, and in treating atopic dermatitis in children. Species commonly used include Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp., Streptococcus thermophilus, and Saccharomyces boulardii. Typical dosages vary based on the product, but common dosages range from 5 to 10 billion colony-forming units per day for children, and from 10 to 20 billion colony-forming units per day for adults. Significant adverse effects are rare, and there are no known interactions with medications.

=====Probiotics and Prebiotics=====
[https://www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/probiotics-and-prebiotics by World Gastroenterology Organisation]
 Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.  Lactobacilli, along with species of Bifidobacterium, have historically been common probiotics. In 2020, the genus Lactobacillus underwent a major restructuring to better address the wide diversity of microbes assigned to the genus. Twenty-three new genera were defined, including some with well-studied probiotic species.

=====The Power of Gut Bacteria and Probiotics for Heart Health=====
[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-power-of-gut-bacteria-and-probiotics-for-heart-health by JOHNS HOPKINS]
 Did you know that you’re affected not only by what you eat but also by what the natural microorganisms in your guts metabolize after you eat? It’s true. Researchers continue to increase their understanding of how overall health is affected by gut bacteria, and in fascinating ways. Not only can these bacteria affect metabolism, immune responses and even mood, now it’s believed they may also affect heart health.

=====Probiotics=====
[https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/probiotics/ by Cookies on the NHS website]
 Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts promoted as having various health benefits. They're usually added to yoghurts or taken as food supplements, and are often described as "good" or "friendly" bacteria.

=====The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic=====
[https://www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2014.66 by Colin Hill, Francisco Guarner, Gregor Reid, Glenn R. Gibson, Daniel J. Merenstein, Bruno Pot, Lorenzo Morelli, Roberto Berni Canani, Harry J. Flint, Seppo Salminen, Philip C. Calder & Mary Ellen Sanders 10/6/14 naturereviews]
 An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic—“live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”—was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications.

=====An introduction to probiotics=====
[https://sncs-prod-external.mayo.edu/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/an-introduction-to-probiotics by  
Allie Wergin, RDN 13/7/22 MAYO CLINIC HEALTH SYSTEM]
 Probiotics are live, active microorganisms ingested to alter the gastrointestinal flora for health benefits. They often are referred to as good bacteria in the gut and compete with bad bacteria to support the body in establishing optimal digestion and aid immune function.

=====Probiotic=====
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/probiotic by ScienceDirect]
 Probiotic is a Greek term, where pro means benefit, and bios means life [18]. It is a bacteria-based product in which essential bacteria is used to promote health, prevent multiple diseases and pathogenic growth in aquaculture. The use of non-pathogenic bacteria can also improve dietary safety and environmental performance, which can control allergies and improve the immune system by altering host-related microorganisms [19–21]. Several gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial candidates such as Bacillus species [22–28], Vibrio species [29–31], lactic acid bacteria [32], and some other bacterial species [13,33–35] have been used as probiotics in shrimp aquaculture in recent times.

=====What Are Probiotics?=====
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUfB5D5Brwo by Cleveland Clinic YouTube]
 Your body is host to both helpful and harmful yeast and bacteria. Probiotics are a group of good microbes that can be added to food and supplements that can contribute to a healthy and strong gut microbiome. They help keep your GI tract running smoothly and fight acne, UTIs and more.

=====Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements=====
[https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Probiotics-HealthProfessional/ by NIH]
 Probiotics should not be confused with prebiotics, which are typically complex carbohydrates (such as inulin and other fructo-oligosaccharides) that microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract use as metabolic fuel [2]. Commercial products containing both prebiotics and probiotic microorganisms are often called synbiotics. Probiotics should also not be confused with postbiotics, which are preparations comprised of dead, intact, or fragmented microorganisms, with or without their metabolites, that confer a health benefit on the host [3].

=====The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties=====
[https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/2/234 by Antonio Bevilacqua MDPI]
 Probiotics, known to be live microorganisms, have been shown to improve or restore the gut microbiota, which in turn has been linked to improved health. It is believed that probiotics are the modern equivalent of a panacea, with claims that they may treat or prevent different diseases both in children and adults (e.g., from colic in babies to cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, and cancer in adults).

=====Prebiotics & Probiotics=====
[https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/health-and-lifestyle/prebiotics-probiotics/ by guts UK]
 Our gut’s diverse ecosystem is made up of trillions of different microbes (bacteria and other tiny organisms). This is called the gut microbiome. The microbes in our gut benefit us beyond just the gut itself. They help our immune system and affect our mental health. We’ve all heard of the benefit of prebiotics and probiotics in our diets. But do we really understand them and their differences?

=====What’s the deal with probiotics?=====
[https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/whats-the-deal-with-probiotics by MAYO CLINIC HEALTH SYSTEM]
 Often referred to as "friendly" or "good" bacteria, probiotics help keep the normal healthy balance of bacteria in your gut — specifically the lining of the gut which includes the microbiome. We are learning more and more about the body's microbiome and how to maintain the balance of bacteria already growing there in addition to adding living bacteria into your system through probiotics. A healthy gut microbiome helps with digestion, boosts the immune system, contributes to blood sugar levels, and may even influence mood and mental health.

=====Clinical Guide to Probiotic Products Available in USA=====
[https://usprobioticguide.com/?utm_source=intro_pg&utm_medium=civ&utm_campaign=USA_CHART by AEProbio]
 Currently, the body of evidence for probiotic interventions is growing along with popular demand for these products. There is evidence to support the use of probiotic products for a variety of indications beyond gut health, however applications and results are strain-specific. Due to frequent changes in commercial availability of probiotic strains, new published evidence, and growing research, an annual review and updates of this Clinical Guide have been conducted since 2008.
A general lack of adverse effects attributable to probiotics supports the widespread use of these products but an ongoing investigation is recommended.

=====How to get more probiotics=====
[https://www.health.harvard.edu/nutrition/how-to-get-more-probiotics by Harvard Health Publishing 29/1/25]
 There are two ways to get more good bacteria into your gut: fermented foods and dietary supplements. Probiotic supplements, which are typically sold over the counter, are reserved to treat specific ailments as suggested by your doctor. They are not recommended for everyday use. Plus, supplements do not have the same FDA oversight as medications do.

=====Probiotics: Potential Benefits, Known Risks, and More=====
[https://www.everydayhealth.com/probiotics/guide/ by EVERYDAY HEALTH]
 Your body is home to trillions of microorganisms that help you function at your best every day.[1] Some of these microbes are probiotics — a group of good-for-you bacteria and yeast that play a role in helping you digest food, fend off diseases, and even create vitamins.[2]

=====Probiotics=====
[https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/probiotics by healthdirect australia]
 Probiotics are 'good' bacteria that live naturally in your digestive system (gut). They are part of your gut microbiome. Your gut microbiome is a collection of trillions of microorganisms living inside your gut. It includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeasts and other microorganisms. Your gut microbiome plays important roles in your overall physical and mental wellbeing.

=====What Happens to Your Acid Reflux When You Take Probiotics?=====
[https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-probiotics-help-acid-reflux-11837402 by Karen Berger, PharmD 27/10/25 very well health]
 Gastroesophageal reflux (also called acid reflux, or heartburn) occurs when the contents of your stomach flow up into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that connects your throat to your stomach. Reflux can cause heartburn or indigestion.

=====What are probiotics and what do they do?=====
[https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/health/wellness/what-are-probiotics-and-what-do-they-do by goodFOOD]
 Food is digested and absorbed in the intestinal tract. This is populated by trillions of microbes that are required for keeping the body healthy. These bacteria, yeasts and viruses can be affected by a number of aspects including use of antibiotics, age, a diet low in fibre and infective diarrhoea. When the gut is affected, probiotics may help reset the balance.

=====Do Probiotics Really Work?=====
[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-probiotics-really-work/ by Ferris Jabr 1/7/17 SCI AM]
 Walk into any grocery store, and you will likely find more than a few “probiotic” products brimming with so-called beneficial bacteria that are supposed to treat everything from constipation to obesity to depression. In addition to foods traditionally prepared with live bacterial cultures (such as yogurt and other fermented dairy products), consumers can now purchase probiotic capsules and pills, fruit juices, cereals, sausages, cookies, candy, granola bars and pet food. Indeed, the popularity of probiotics has grown so much in recent years that manufacturers have even added the microorganisms to cosmetics and mattresses.

=====Probiotics: Mayo Clinic Radio=====
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7jzB6T0oDM by Mayo Clinic YouTube]
 Dr. Joseph Murray, a gastroenterologist at Mayo Clinic, explains probiotics and how they work. This interview originally aired Aug. 5, 2017.