Government-Crime: Difference between revisions

(25 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 1:

{{#seo:

|title=Government-Crime

|description=A collection of articles about government crime

|keywords=Violent, Crime, Shooting, Murder, Arrest, Migrants, Exposure, Drugs, Guns

|image=File:Government-Crime.jpg

|image_width=300

|image_height=200}}

=====They wanted to save us from a dark AI future. Then six people were killed=====

[https://www.theguardian.com/global/ng-interactive/2025/mar/05/zizians-artificial-intelligence by J Oliver Conroy 5/3/25 The Guardian]

Line 187:

Line 200:

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272720302085 by David S. Abrams 2/21 ScienceDirect]

Data from 25 large U.S. cities is assembled to estimate the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime. There is a widespread immediate drop in both criminal incidents and arrests most heavily pronounced among drug crimes, theft, residential burglaries, and most violent crimes. The decline appears to precede stay-at-home orders, and arrests follow a similar pattern as reports. There is no decline in homicides and shootings, and an increase in non-residential burglary and car theft in most cities, suggesting that criminal activity was displaced to locations with fewer people.

=====The influences of incident and contextual characteristics on crime clearance of nonlethal violence: A multilevel event history analysis=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047235207001316 by Aki Roberts 4/2008 ScienceDirect]

Using multilevel event history analyses, this article investigates the effects of both incident and contextual (social disorganization and police resources) factors on crime clearance by arrest for robbery, forcible rape, and aggravated assault incidents in 106 cities.

=====Police facial recognition applications and violent crime control in U.S. cities=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275124006863 by Thaddeus L. Johnson 12/24 ScienceDirect]

This study presents novel insights into the effects of police facial recognition applications on violent crime and arrest dynamics across 268 U.S. cities from 1997 to 2020. We conducted generalized difference-in-differences regressions with multiway fixed effects to exploit this technology's staggered implementation.

=====Measuring the effect of historical structural racism on community firearm violence in US cities=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953624008098 by Ariana N. Gobaud 11/24 ScienceDirect]

Community firearm violence in the United States (US), defined as fatal and nonfatal interpersonal shootings in public spaces, (Community Violence) disproportionately affects neighborhoods where people racialized as Black predominately live. While previous research has established structural racism as a fundamental cause of community firearm violence, (Mehranbod et al., 2022; Siegel et al., 2023) methods to measure and quantify structural racism vary widely. E

=====Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas=====

[https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014704117 by Michael T. Light 7/12/20 PNAS]

Despite its centrality to public and political discourse, we lack even basic information on fundamental questions regarding undocumented immigrants and crime. This stems largely from data constraints. Going beyond existing research, we utilize data from the Texas Department of Public Safety, which checks and records the immigration status of all arrestees throughout the state.

=====Historical Slavery Predicts Contemporary Violent Crime: Inequality and Political Attitudes as Mediators=====

[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ssqu.70078?af=R by Moamen Gouda 16/9/25 WILEY]

This study examines the long-term impact of historical slavery on contemporary violent crime in the United States, investigating the claim that slavery perpetuated violence.

=====Individualization and the decline of homicide: England 1250–1750=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047235222001179 by Mark Cooney 2023 ScienceDirect]

A key issue in criminology is to account for variation in rates of violence across time and place. An important variable largely neglected in the literature is individualism. Building on theoretical ideas proposed by Durkheim, Black, and Baumgartner, we illustrate the role of increased individualism with a case study: the decline of homicide in England, 1250–1750.

=====Block clubs and crime in Chicago: The transplant hypothesis=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275124009132 by Aleksandra J. Snowden 3/25 ScienceDirect]

Prior research has emphasized the interconnection between community structure, civil society activism, and crime. Yet, the statistical association between crime and block clubs, a key element in local networks of voluntary associations and mutual self-help, has not been previously examined in the literature. We collected cross-sectional data on block clubs and crime in Chicago, Illinois, and estimated a set of negative binomial and quantile regression models, while controlling for social disorganization, nearby block club and crime levels, residential population and area size. W

=====Police levels and crime rates: An instrumental variables approach=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0049089X10000062 by John L. Worrall 5/2010 ScienceDirect]

While police levels may affect crime, governments may react to crime by increasing police levels. The instrumental variables (IV) approach to this problem has proven difficult due to the problem of locating instruments for police levels. Using panel data from over 5000 cities (1990–2001), we instrumented police levels with two types of federal law enforcement grants, thus yielding over-identified models.

=====Religion, Crime, and Social Trust in Historic Germany: Are Catholics More Inclined to Violate Social Norms than Protestants?=====

[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/johs.12297 by Peter Graeff, Gert Tinggaard Svendsen 2/12/2020 WILEY]

In 1676, Isaac Newton modestly wrote that if he had seen further than others, it was because he stood on the shoulders of giants (Newton, 1676). Olson (1965) could have said in the same way that if he stood on the shoulders of a giant, it must have been Adam Smith and his book The Wealth of Nations.

=====New evidence that lead exposure increases crime=====

[https://www.brookings.edu/articles/new-evidence-that-lead-exposure-increases-crime/ by Jennifer L. Doleac BROOKINGS]

A recent investigation by Reuters found that lead exposure affects kids in communities across the country — not just in high-profile cities like Flint, Michigan.

=====Tract level associations between historical residential redlining and contemporary fatal encounters with police=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953622002957 by Jeffrey Mitchell 6/2022 ScienceDirect]

How does structural racism influence where people are killed during encounters with police? We analyzed geo-located incidents of fatal encounters with police that occurred between 2000 and 2020 in Census tracts that received a classification by the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) during the 1930's.

=====A neighborhood-level view of riots, property values, and population loss: Cleveland 1950–1980=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014498306000295 by William J. Collins 7/2007 ScienceDirect]

We undertake a case study of riots in the context of Cleveland’s economic decline between 1950 and 1980. Our empirical perspective emphasizes differential changes in property values and population levels across census tracts depending on their proximity to the riots’ epicenter.

=====Rampage shootings: an historical, empirical, and theoretical overview=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X17300593 by Michael Rocque 2/18 ScienceDirect]

Rampage shootings is a relatively new term to describe a phenomenon that has a long history. Rampage shootings are mass shootings (generally defined as involving four or more victims), taking place in a public location, with victims chosen randomly or for symbolic purposes.

=====Inequality, crime, and the long run legacy of slavery=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268117303724 by Paolo Buonanno 3/19 ScienceDirect]

This paper investigates the relationship between economic inequality and crime in Colombian municipalities. Following recent scholarly research that suggests that the legacy of slavery is largely manifest in persistent levels of economic inequality, we instrument economic inequality with a census-based measure of the proportion of slaves in each municipality before the abolition of slavery in the 19 century.

=====Activity-adjusted crime rates show that public safety worsened in 2020=====

[https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2208598119 by Maxim Massenkoff 7/11/22 PNAS]

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought massive disruptions to economic and social life, including an unprecedented spike in homicides. Overall crime, however, was down. We resolve this apparent paradox by showing that after accounting for the fact that people were spending more time indoors in 2020, the risk of victimization in public actually increased. These recent changes in crime and activity provide a stark illustration of how conventional crime rates can fail to capture changes in public safety.

=====Homicides=====

[https://ourworldindata.org/homicides by Bastian Herre Our World in Data]

Homicides — when people intentionally and illegally kill others for personal reasons — are the most serious crime.

=====Guns and violence: The enduring impact of crack cocaine markets on young black males=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272721002176 by William N. Evans 2/22 ScienceDirect]

The violence associated with crack cocaine markets in the 1980s and 1990s has repercussions today. Using cross-city variation in when crack cocaine arrived and an older comparison group, we estimate that the US murder rate of black males aged 15–24 was still 70 percent higher 17 years after crack markets had emerged. Using the fraction of gun-related suicides as a proxy for gun availability, we find that increased access to guns led to persistently higher murder rates.

=====Murder nature: Weather and violent crime in rural Brazil=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X22001231 by Phoebe W. Ishak 9/22 ScienceDirect]

This paper examines the effect of weather shocks on violent crime using disaggregated data from Brazilian municipalities over the period 1991–2015. Employing a distributed lag model that takes into account temporal correlations of weather shocks and spatial correlation of crime rates, I document that adverse weather shocks in the form of droughts lead to a significant increase in violent crime in rural regions.

=====Trends and patterns in homicides in Italy: A 34-year descriptive study=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379073820300037 by Monica Vichi 2/20 ScienceDirect]

We collected data from the Italian Mortality Database (Italian National Institute of Statistics), for the study period. Temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression analysis, with estimated annual percentage change computed for each detected trend. The possible effect of the mafia subculture was examined using an indicator of mafia social penetration. Differences between age classes, genders, geographical regions, and homicide methods were also analyzed.

=====Homicides committed by women in Montenegrin past and present=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277539525001128 by Rajka Đoković 9/25 ScienceDirect]

Women are the perpetrators of the crime of murder, both in the past and in contemporary society. New scientific knowledge is most often used in order to look at the contemporary patterns of behavior of female that led to the commission of the criminal act of murder.

=====The enduring impact of historical and structural racism on urban violence in Philadelphia=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953617303398 by Sara F. Jacoby PhD, MPH 2/18 ScienceDirect]

Public health approaches to crime and injury prevention are increasingly focused on the physical places and environments where violence is concentrated. In this study, our aim is to explore the association between historic place-based racial discrimination captured in the 1937 Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) map of Philadelphia and present-day violent crime and firearm injuries.

=====Moving North and into jail? The great migration and black incarceration=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016726811830132X by Katherine Eriksson 3/19 ScienceDirect]

Black incarceration rates in the U.S. grew relative to white incarceration rates throughout the first half of the 20th century despite substantial convergence in education levels and wages between the two groups. This paper considers the First Great Migration prior to 1940 as a factor which increased black male incarceration rates.

=====Evolutionary social science: A new approach to violent crime=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359178908000190 by Nigel Barber 7/08 ScienceDirect]

Evolutionary Social Science unites evolutionary psychology and social science. Its core assumptions are that: (1) modern societies owe their character to an interaction of hunter–gatherer adaptations with the modern environment; (2) some changes in societies reflect change in individuals; (3) historical changes and cross-societal differences can be due to similar adaptational mechanisms, and (4) different social contexts modify development through adaptive mechanisms.

=====Beyond the immediate effects of income inequality on homicide rates: A reply to Daly's critique=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513824000734 by Carlos Vilalta 7/24 ScienceDirect]

This study responds to Martin Daly's critique of our 2022 study on the correlation between income inequality and homicide rates in Mexican municipalities. Our updated analysis incorporates both immediate and lagged effects of income inequality, revealing significant non-linear relationships between past inequality and current homicide rates.

=====Drugs, guns, and violent crime in California=====

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395924000987 by Susan L. Stewart 5/24 ScienceDirect]

There is evidence linking use of controlled substances with perpetration of interpersonal violence. While the United States constitution protects the right to own a firearm, federal law prohibits firearm purchase and possession by persons believed to be at high risk for violence, including those who use controlled substances unlawfully.

Government-Crime: Difference between revisions

Lilly (talk | contribs)

Navigation menu

Page actions

Page actions

Personal tools

Navigation

Search

Tools

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{#seo:
+|title=Government-Crime
+|description=A collection of articles about government crime
+|keywords=Violent, Crime, Shooting, Murder, Arrest, Migrants, Exposure, Drugs, Guns
+|image=File:Government-Crime.jpg
+|image_width=300
+|image_height=200}}
 =====They wanted to save us from a dark AI future. Then six people were killed=====
 [https://www.theguardian.com/global/ng-interactive/2025/mar/05/zizians-artificial-intelligence by J Oliver Conroy 5/3/25 The Guardian]
@@ Line 187: / Line 200: @@
 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272720302085 by David S. Abrams 2/21 ScienceDirect]
   Data from 25 large U.S. cities is assembled to estimate the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime. There is a widespread immediate drop in both criminal incidents and arrests most heavily pronounced among drug crimes, theft, residential burglaries, and most violent crimes. The decline appears to precede stay-at-home orders, and arrests follow a similar pattern as reports. There is no decline in homicides and shootings, and an increase in non-residential burglary and car theft in most cities, suggesting that criminal activity was displaced to locations with fewer people.
+=====The influences of incident and contextual characteristics on crime clearance of nonlethal violence: A multilevel event history analysis=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047235207001316 by Aki Roberts 4/2008 ScienceDirect]
+ Using multilevel event history analyses, this article investigates the effects of both incident and contextual (social disorganization and police resources) factors on crime clearance by arrest for robbery, forcible rape, and aggravated assault incidents in 106 cities.
+=====Police facial recognition applications and violent crime control in U.S. cities=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275124006863 by Thaddeus L. Johnson 12/24 ScienceDirect]
+ This study presents novel insights into the effects of police facial recognition applications on violent crime and arrest dynamics across 268 U.S. cities from 1997 to 2020. We conducted generalized difference-in-differences regressions with multiway fixed effects to exploit this technology's staggered implementation.
+=====Measuring the effect of historical structural racism on community firearm violence in US cities=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953624008098 by Ariana N. Gobaud 11/24 ScienceDirect]
+ Community firearm violence in the United States (US), defined as fatal and nonfatal interpersonal shootings in public spaces, (Community Violence) disproportionately affects neighborhoods where people racialized as Black predominately live. While previous research has established structural racism as a fundamental cause of community firearm violence, (Mehranbod et al., 2022; Siegel et al., 2023) methods to measure and quantify structural racism vary widely. E
+=====Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas=====
+[https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014704117 by Michael T. Light 7/12/20 PNAS]
+ Despite its centrality to public and political discourse, we lack even basic information on fundamental questions regarding undocumented immigrants and crime. This stems largely from data constraints. Going beyond existing research, we utilize data from the Texas Department of Public Safety, which checks and records the immigration status of all arrestees throughout the state.
+=====Historical Slavery Predicts Contemporary Violent Crime: Inequality and Political Attitudes as Mediators=====
+[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ssqu.70078?af=R by Moamen Gouda 16/9/25 WILEY]
+ This study examines the long-term impact of historical slavery on contemporary violent crime in the United States, investigating the claim that slavery perpetuated violence.
+=====Individualization and the decline of homicide: England 1250–1750=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047235222001179 by Mark Cooney 2023 ScienceDirect]
+ A key issue in criminology is to account for variation in rates of violence across time and place. An important variable largely neglected in the literature is individualism. Building on theoretical ideas proposed by Durkheim, Black, and Baumgartner, we illustrate the role of increased individualism with a case study: the decline of homicide in England, 1250–1750.
+=====Block clubs and crime in Chicago: The transplant hypothesis=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275124009132 by Aleksandra J. Snowden 3/25 ScienceDirect]
+ Prior research has emphasized the interconnection between community structure, civil society activism, and crime. Yet, the statistical association between crime and block clubs, a key element in local networks of voluntary associations and mutual self-help, has not been previously examined in the literature. We collected cross-sectional data on block clubs and crime in Chicago, Illinois, and estimated a set of negative binomial and quantile regression models, while controlling for social disorganization, nearby block club and crime levels, residential population and area size. W
+=====Police levels and crime rates: An instrumental variables approach=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0049089X10000062 by John L. Worrall 5/2010 ScienceDirect]
+ While police levels may affect crime, governments may react to crime by increasing police levels. The instrumental variables (IV) approach to this problem has proven difficult due to the problem of locating instruments for police levels. Using panel data from over 5000 cities (1990–2001), we instrumented police levels with two types of federal law enforcement grants, thus yielding over-identified models.
+=====Religion, Crime, and Social Trust in Historic Germany: Are Catholics More Inclined to Violate Social Norms than Protestants?=====
+[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/johs.12297 by Peter Graeff, Gert Tinggaard Svendsen 2/12/2020 WILEY]
+ In 1676, Isaac Newton modestly wrote that if he had seen further than others, it was because he stood on the shoulders of giants (Newton, 1676). Olson (1965) could have said in the same way that if he stood on the shoulders of a giant, it must have been Adam Smith and his book The Wealth of Nations.
+=====New evidence that lead exposure increases crime=====
+[https://www.brookings.edu/articles/new-evidence-that-lead-exposure-increases-crime/ by Jennifer L. Doleac BROOKINGS]
+ A recent investigation by Reuters found that lead exposure affects kids in communities across the country — not just in high-profile cities like Flint, Michigan.
+=====Tract level associations between historical residential redlining and contemporary fatal encounters with police=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953622002957 by Jeffrey Mitchell  6/2022 ScienceDirect]
+ How does structural racism influence where people are killed during encounters with police? We analyzed geo-located incidents of fatal encounters with police that occurred between 2000 and 2020 in Census tracts that received a classification by the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) during the 1930's.
+=====A neighborhood-level view of riots, property values, and population loss: Cleveland 1950–1980=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014498306000295 by William J. Collins  7/2007 ScienceDirect]
+ We undertake a case study of riots in the context of Cleveland’s economic decline between 1950 and 1980. Our empirical perspective emphasizes differential changes in property values and population levels across census tracts depending on their proximity to the riots’ epicenter.
+=====Rampage shootings: an historical, empirical, and theoretical overview=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X17300593 by Michael Rocque  2/18 ScienceDirect]
+ Rampage shootings is a relatively new term to describe a phenomenon that has a long history. Rampage shootings are mass shootings (generally defined as involving four or more victims), taking place in a public location, with victims chosen randomly or for symbolic purposes.
+=====Inequality, crime, and the long run legacy of slavery=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268117303724 by Paolo Buonanno 3/19 ScienceDirect]
+ This paper investigates the relationship between economic inequality and crime in Colombian municipalities. Following recent scholarly research that suggests that the legacy of slavery is largely manifest in persistent levels of economic inequality, we instrument economic inequality with a census-based measure of the proportion of slaves in each municipality before the abolition of slavery in the 19 century.
+=====Activity-adjusted crime rates show that public safety worsened in 2020=====
+[https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2208598119 by Maxim Massenkoff 7/11/22 PNAS]
+ The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought massive disruptions to economic and social life, including an unprecedented spike in homicides. Overall crime, however, was down. We resolve this apparent paradox by showing that after accounting for the fact that people were spending more time indoors in 2020, the risk of victimization in public actually increased. These recent changes in crime and activity provide a stark illustration of how conventional crime rates can fail to capture changes in public safety.
+=====Homicides=====
+[https://ourworldindata.org/homicides by Bastian Herre Our World in Data]
+ Homicides — when people intentionally and illegally kill others for personal reasons — are the most serious crime.
+=====Guns and violence: The enduring impact of crack cocaine markets on young black males=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047272721002176 by William N. Evans  2/22 ScienceDirect]
+ The violence associated with crack cocaine markets in the 1980s and 1990s has repercussions today. Using cross-city variation in when crack cocaine arrived and an older comparison group, we estimate that the US murder rate of black males aged 15–24 was still 70 percent higher 17 years after crack markets had emerged. Using the fraction of gun-related suicides as a proxy for gun availability, we find that increased access to guns led to persistently higher murder rates.
+=====Murder nature: Weather and violent crime in rural Brazil=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X22001231 by Phoebe W. Ishak 9/22 ScienceDirect]
+ This paper examines the effect of weather shocks on violent crime using disaggregated data from Brazilian municipalities over the period 1991–2015. Employing a distributed lag model that takes into account temporal correlations of weather shocks and spatial correlation of crime rates, I document that adverse weather shocks in the form of droughts lead to a significant increase in violent crime in rural regions.
+=====Trends and patterns in homicides in Italy: A 34-year descriptive study=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379073820300037 by Monica Vichi  2/20 ScienceDirect]
+ We collected data from the Italian Mortality Database (Italian National Institute of Statistics), for the study period. Temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression analysis, with estimated annual percentage change computed for each detected trend. The possible effect of the mafia subculture was examined using an indicator of mafia social penetration. Differences between age classes, genders, geographical regions, and homicide methods were also analyzed.
+=====Homicides committed by women in Montenegrin past and present=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277539525001128 by Rajka Đoković  9/25 ScienceDirect]
+ Women are the perpetrators of the crime of murder, both in the past and in contemporary society. New scientific knowledge is most often used in order to look at the contemporary patterns of behavior of female that led to the commission of the criminal act of murder.
+=====The enduring impact of historical and structural racism on urban violence in Philadelphia=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953617303398 by Sara F. Jacoby PhD, MPH 2/18 ScienceDirect]
+ Public health approaches to crime and injury prevention are increasingly focused on the physical places and environments where violence is concentrated. In this study, our aim is to explore the association between historic place-based racial discrimination captured in the 1937 Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) map of Philadelphia and present-day violent crime and firearm injuries.
+=====Moving North and into jail? The great migration and black incarceration=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016726811830132X by Katherine Eriksson 3/19 ScienceDirect]
+ Black incarceration rates in the U.S. grew relative to white incarceration rates throughout the first half of the 20th century despite substantial convergence in education levels and wages between the two groups. This paper considers the First Great Migration prior to 1940 as a factor which increased black male incarceration rates.
+=====Evolutionary social science: A new approach to violent crime=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359178908000190 by Nigel Barber 7/08 ScienceDirect]
+ Evolutionary Social Science unites evolutionary psychology and social science. Its core assumptions are that: (1) modern societies owe their character to an interaction of hunter–gatherer adaptations with the modern environment; (2) some changes in societies reflect change in individuals; (3) historical changes and cross-societal differences can be due to similar adaptational mechanisms, and (4) different social contexts modify development through adaptive mechanisms.
+=====Beyond the immediate effects of income inequality on homicide rates: A reply to Daly's critique=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513824000734 by Carlos Vilalta 7/24 ScienceDirect]
+ This study responds to Martin Daly's critique of our 2022 study on the correlation between income inequality and homicide rates in Mexican municipalities. Our updated analysis incorporates both immediate and lagged effects of income inequality, revealing significant non-linear relationships between past inequality and current homicide rates.
+=====Drugs, guns, and violent crime in California=====
+[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395924000987 by Susan L. Stewart 5/24 ScienceDirect]
+ There is evidence linking use of controlled substances with perpetration of interpersonal violence. While the United States constitution protects the right to own a firearm, federal law prohibits firearm purchase and possession by persons believed to be at high risk for violence, including those who use controlled substances unlawfully.