Foundational-Resource Extraction
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Mining in the United States
Mining in the United States has been active since the beginning of colonial times, but became a major industry in the 19th century with a number of new mineral discoveries causing a series of mining rushes. In 2015, the value of coal, metals, and industrial minerals mined in the United States was US$109.6 billion. 158,000 workers were directly employed by the mining industry.[1]
35th Annual Mining History Association Conference
by Discover Mining History 15/6/25
On November 20th, 2024, the museum joined with Lehigh University and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission to host the dedication of a State Historical Marker for The President Pumping Engine at the Ueberroth Zinc Mine in the Friedensville Mining District in nearby Friedensville, PA. The President began operation in 1872 for mine dewatering and was reported to be “the most powerful stationary engine in the world.” The engine was housed in the only remaining Cornish-style engine house in the U.S.
Mining
by Morgan Stanley NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
Mining is the process of extracting useful materials from the earth. Some examples of substances that are mined include coal, gold, or iron ore. Iron ore is the material from which the metal iron is produced.
A Brief History of Mining: The Advancement of Mining Techniques and Technology
by General Kinematics 23/5/19 GENERAL KINEMATICS
Since civilization began, people have used mining techniques to access minerals in the surface of the Earth. Discoveries have shown that flint pebbles were extracted from deposits in France and Britain as far back as the New Stone Age. Ancient Egyptians mined copper as far back as 3000 BCE. In the earliest days, mining was slow-going and dangerous. However, as time progressed, society has developed safer and more accurate methods of locating and uncovering substances found in the earth.
Mining, Minerals, Metals: Background
The mining industry can be dated as far back as 41000 BCE, to a mine in Swaziland. The mine, called the Lion Cave, is where natives mined hematite to produce ochre, a red pigment. Other mines found that existed during the same time frame were flint mines, which humans used for tools and weapons during the time.
The History of Mining
by Michael Coulson 12/11/12 Google
Born in 1945 Michael Coulson has been associated with the mining sector for over 30 years, although his university background is in economics where he holds a BSc from the University of London. He first worked as a graduate trainee on the legendary mining desk at James Capel in 1970, for many years the leading mining stockbroker in the City. After that he became a mining salesman at Sterling & Co and also developed the firm's research coverage of the sector. In 1973 he joined Fielding Newson-Smith (later to become NatWest Markets) as a gold mining analyst where he began a long association with the South African gold mining industry. Two years later he became senior mining analyst at L Messel (latterly Lehman Bros) where he started to produce an annual gold review which he published every year until 1991. In 1979 he moved to Panmure Gordon and in 1982 he left and joined Phillips & Drew (UBS) with the task of establishing the firm in the mining market.
Mining in World History
Digging Deep
Before the advent of the great mineral revolution in the latter half of the 19th century, South Africa was a sleepy colonial backwater whose unpromising landscape was seemingly devoid of any economic potential. Yet lying just beneath the dusty surface of the land lay the richest treasure trove of gold, diamonds, platinum, coal and a host of other metals and minerals that has ever been discovered in one country. It was the discovery and exploitation of first diamonds in 1870 and then gold in 1886 that proved the catalyst to the greatest mineral revolution the world has ever known, which transformed South Africa into the supreme industrialised power on the African continent.
Issues in the History of Mining and Metallurgy
History of Mining
by Dumitru Fodor 19/12/23 SPRINGER NATURE LINK
This paper has as purpose the presentation of the activities of extraction and valorisation of the deposits of solid utile mineral substances on the territory of Romania, along four historical periods comprised between Paleolithic Era and the end of the Millennium II A.D.
Mining Aspects from Version History
by Thomas Zimmermann 22/12/06 IEEE Xplore
Aspect raining identifies cross-culling concerns in a program, to help migrating it to an aspect-oriented design. Such concerns may not exist from the beginning, but emerge over time. By analysing where developers add code to a program, our history-based aspect mining (BAM) identifies and ranks cross-cutting concerns. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach with the history of three open-source projects. BAM scales up to Industrial-sized projects: for example, we were able to identify a locking concern that cross-cuts 1284 methods in Eclipse. Additionally, the precision of HAM increases with project size and history: for Eclipse, it reaches 90% for the top-10 candidates
Rush That Never Ended
by Geoffrey Blainey 2013 Google
Forget about Ned Kelly and the bushrangers: for my money if you want a really romantic and exciting saga of Australia, take a look at our mining history. It's a turbulent, dramatic story with enough material for a bookshelf full of best-sellers ... a saga of tough men, iron-nerved gamblers, violence, death and glittering riches set against the backdrop of some of the most awful country on earth. And never has the story been better told than by Geoffrey Blainey.—Trevor Sykes
An Overview of the Mining History and Geology of Butte, Montana
by Gammons, Christopher H 6/06 ProQuest
The Butte mining district – formerly known as the
“Richest Hill on Earth” – is now more notorious for its environmental problems, the legacy of 140 years of mining, milling, and smelting on Butte Hill (Dobb 1996; Langewiesche 2001)
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience
by FRED G. BELL 1/11/88 GeoScienceWorld
One of the modern methods of mining is longwall extraction which involves total extraction of panels within a coal seam. Subsidence consequent upon longwall mining can be regarded as more or less contemporaneous with the mining activity. What is more, unlike subsidence associated with old pillar and stall workings, it normally is predictable within about ± 10 percent. Of the components of ground movement developed by such subsidence, tensile stress gives rise to most damage to structures.
Background Conditions and Mining Pollution throughout History in the Río Tinto (SW Spain)
The Río Tinto drains the eastern part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), an area with a huge amount of massive sulphide deposits that has been mined for the last 4500 years. This river presents extreme conditions, with very high concentrations in solution of metals and metalloids and low pH values. Mining activities in the upper part of the watershed of the Río Tinto have been documented since historical times and a huge amount of widespread acid-producing mine residues exist in this area.
The history and economics of gold mining in China
by Rui Zhang 3/15 ScienceDirect
As the largest producer of gold in the world, China's gold reserves are spread across a number of orogenic belts that were constructed around ancient craton margins during various subduction–collision cycles, as well as within the cratonic interior along reactivated paleo-sutures. Among the major gold deposits in China is the unique class of world's richest gold mines in the Jiaodong Peninsula in the eastern part of the North China Craton with an overall endowment of > 3000 tons.
Thoughts on Mining History
Mining California
by Andrew C. Isenberg 4/9/24 Google
Between 1849 and 1874 almost $1 billion in gold was mined in California. With little available capital or labor, here's how: high-pressure water cannons washed hillsides into sluices that used mercury to trap gold but let the soil wash away; eventually more than three times the amount of earth moved to make way for the Panama Canal entered California's rivers, leaving behind twenty tons of mercury every mile—rivers overflowed their banks and valleys were flooded, the land poisoned. In the rush to wealth, the same chain of foreseeable consequences reduced California's forests and grasslands.
Mining and Communities in Northern Canada
by University of Calgary Press 2015 open
For indigenous communities throughout the globe, mining has been a historical forerunner of colonialism, introducing new, and often disruptive, settlement patterns and economic arrangements.
Findings Related to the History of Mining in Turkey
The greatest innovation in the history of civilization is the use of minerals. Anatolia, owes its rich and long history, to the varied non-depleting mineral wealth. Nine thousand years ago copper was the first metal the habitants of Anatolia made use of. The oldest underground mining in Anatolia has been discovered around Tokat-Erbaa, Kozlu which belongs to the beginning of 5 thousand years B.C. In this study, for the first time in Turkey, using archaeometric methods, in two localities around Niğde tin mineralizations have been discovered. This is an important discovery for the mining history of Turkey.
The Impact of Mining on the Landscape
This book investigates the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), one of the oldest and largest mining areas not only in Poland but also in Europe. Using uniform research methods for the whole study area, it also provides a summary of the landscape transformations. Intensive extraction of hard coal, zinc and lead ores, stowing sands and rock resources have caused such extensive transformations of landscape that it can be considered a model anthropogenic relief.
A history of mining and mineral exploration in Canada and outlook for the future
by Cranstone, D A 1/7/20 ETDEWEB
Mineral production through the years, exploration expenditures for non-petroleum minerals, changing rates and costs of ore discovery, ore reserves, the petroleum industry, sulphur production, and principal mineral areas are described. The future of mineral exploration and of mineral production in the long term are discussed. The report includes an early history of Canada's mineral industry, prospecting, and mineral exploration. 16 refs., 68 figs.
Reconstructing the history of mining and remediation in the Coeur d’Alene, Idaho Mining District using lake sediments
by Matthew J. Morra 9/15 ScienceDirect
Mining that began in the late 1800s intensified during World War II contaminating Lake Coeur d’Alene sediments with potentially toxic elements. We used 80 y of the sediment record to reconstruct metal(loid) loadings to the lake and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of tailings management. Sediment core analysis for pollen, chronological markers, and metal(loid)s permitted stratigraphic reconstruction showing that contaminant loading decreased after tailings pond construction, but that most metal(loid) concentrations exceed recommended limits. Arsenic concentrations (250–450 mg kg−1) at the sediment–water interface are potentially toxic; however, low P concentrations in recent sediments (1.0–1.4 mg kg−1) inhibit eutrophication and the concomitant release of soluble As.
History of Surface Mining Reclamation and Associated Legislation
by William T. Plass 1/1/200 ASA
Surface mine study provided a preliminary assessment of spoil physical and chemical characteristics and their effects on tree planting. Information from this study was used in the development of the federal surface mining law. A Montana Bureau of Mines study in 1974 described the effect of surface mining on subsurface water movement.
History and Environmental Impact of Mining Activity in Celtic Aeduan Territory Recorded in a Peat Bog (Morvan, France)
by F. Monna 25/12/03 ACAPublications
The present study aims to document historical mining and smelting activities by means of geochemical and pollen analyses performed in a peat bog core collected around the Bibracte oppidum (Morvan, France), the largest settlement of the great Aeduan Celtic tribe (ca. 180 B.C. to 25 A.D.). The anthropogenic Pb profile indicates local mining operations starting from the Late Bronze Age, ca. cal. 1300 B.C.
Mining in the Region
The history of coal mining on Cape Breton began over 250 years ago. In the early 1700’s, coal was needed in Louisbourg for the French to construct its Fortress. Coal was extracted from exposed seams along the cliffs and in 1720 the first coal mine was officially opened at Cow Bay, or Port Morien as it is now known. In the 1800’s, rows of company houses could be found at Morien, along with hundreds of miners. During the period of 1784-1820, coal deposits were mined on a small scale by either the colonial government or through lease by private individuals.
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Mining was far and away the most significant industry in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Colorado and has remained important since that time. The Pike’s Peak Gold Rush brought unprecedented numbers of people into the region and that in turn led to powerful social, economic, and political changes that brought about the creation of Colorado Territory in 1861, culminating in the admittance of Colorado to the Union in 1876.
Legends of America
by Albert S. Bolles 1987 Legends Of America
The hope of finding mineral treasure was one of the incentives that led the early colonists to America, who were quite diligent in searching for metals. All along the Atlantic Coast, almost immediately after the first settlements, discoveries were made of silver, lead, copper, iron, tin, antimony, coal, and other valuable minerals. Still, they were found generally in small quantities and, in competition with foreign production, the working of mines was frequently found unprofitable. Then, too, the presence and hostility of Indians made such enterprises dangerous.
Exploring 70 Centuries of Mining History
by Jennifer Errick 26/9/19 NATIONAL PARKS CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION
The earliest known metalworking in North America began some 7,000 years ago, when Native Americans mined copper in hand-dug pits on an isolated peninsula in the Midwest. Remains of this massive deposit and the booming industry that grew around it are now part of a national historical park.
The history of mining: From the stone age to the digital era
by r. Guneet Kaur 10/2/23 COINTELEGRAPH
Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals, metals and other resources from the earth. This may entail extracting minerals from underground deposits or from the earth’s surface. The minerals and resources extracted through mining are used for a wide range of purposes, including energy production, construction and manufacturing.
A Quick History of Mining and How its Trajectory Over the Decades
Our company has been working with the mining industry for a few decades. Our company history begins with us working in agriculture and shifting towards the growing and expanding efforts of the mining industry in Mexico and the U.S. We worked hand-in-hand with the industry and have learned to love the hard work that these people put into their labor. The history of mining spans a great many decades and it teaches us a thing or two about how the world evolves and about how human beings continuously seek better ways to maximize labor and seek resources. Many people might not realize it, but today mining is inextricably connected to much of our technological advancements. Mining is, in fact, related to industrial policy and energy policy. In fact, today’s mining is tied to the use of your smartphone, and mining in foreign countries has faced quite a bit of scrutiny because of some of its unsafe practices.
Mining
Mining for metals, coal, hydrocarbons, and minerals was a vital aspect of Utah’s economic, industrial, political, and social growth and development. The mining industry has touched all aspects of life in Utah and has contributed greatly to the state’s history.
Mining North America: An Environmental History since 1522
Modern North America is a world built of minerals. Buildings, transportation networks, communication systems, waterworks, machinery, and appliances of every kind—all of these depend on minerals clawed from beneath the earth’s surface. A modern American automobile now contains at least thirty-nine different minerals, everything from aluminum and bauxite to tungsten and zinc. Computers and smartphones can contain even more, including precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum, as well as rare earth elements such as europium and yttrium that provide color for their liquid-crystal displays.¹ Electrical lines depend on copper or aluminum; pipes are formed from several different...
The History of Mining Technology
Mining has been essential for humans almost since the beginning of time. After all, we need some sort of fuel source in order to give us power and energy to keep our homes and businesses warm, electricity to power our machines, and, recently, a source of fuel for automobiles, airplanes, trains, and other means of transportation to move people and goods around the globe. Mining technology has come a long way since pickaxes in order to more efficiently deliver coal and ores, gold, silver, and more to the places they need to go.
The History of Underground Mining: A Journey Through Time
by MSHA Safety by 17/12/24 MSHA Safety Service Inc.
Underground mining has been a cornerstone of human civilization, shaping societies, industries, and economies for thousands of years. This article explores the history of underground mining, from its earliest days to its modern advancements, highlighting the methods, challenges, and innovations that have defined this vital practice.
Australia’s Major Mineral Discoveries
by Australian Mining History AUSTRALASIAN MINING HISTORY ASSOCIATION
In Australia, minerals have been part of the continent’s culture and development since the first human habitation. Minerals were used as pigment in ancient rock art and body painting, an integral part of the Aboriginal culture and heritage.
