Air Pollution, Chemicals, and the Human Exposome
Air Pollution, Chemicals, and the Human Exposome
The human exposome encompasses the complete range of environmental influences experienced from conception throughout life. It complements the genome by examining the chemical, physical, biological, behavioral, occupational, and social conditions that shape human health. These exposures are not isolated events. They interact with one another, change over time, and can produce molecular and physiological effects that contribute to disease.
Air pollution and environmental chemicals are major components of the exposome. People encounter complex mixtures of particulate matter, traffic emissions, pesticides, metals, plastic-associated chemicals, persistent organic pollutants, volatile organic compounds, and industrial contaminants. Exposome research seeks to measure these combined exposures and connect them with biological changes, health outcomes, and preventable sources of disease.
Understanding the Human Exposome
The exposome concept was introduced as a way to systematically investigate the environmental causes of disease. While genetics can influence susceptibility, a person’s health also reflects decades of exposure to pollutants, diet, medications, infections, occupation, stress, neighborhood conditions, climate, and lifestyle.
Researchers commonly divide the exposome into three overlapping areas:
- The general external exposome, including climate, social conditions, urban design, education, poverty, and neighborhood characteristics
- The specific external exposome, including air pollution, chemicals, radiation, tobacco smoke, diet, infections, and occupational hazards
- The internal exposome, including metabolism, inflammation, hormones, oxidative stress, immune activity, and the microbiome
These categories are interconnected. For example, neighborhood inequality may increase exposure to traffic pollution, industrial emissions, heat, and psychosocial stress. Those external conditions can then alter inflammation, metabolism, immune function, and other internal biological processes.
Air Pollution as a Lifelong Exposure
Air pollution is one of the most extensively studied components of the exposome. Outdoor and indoor air can contain particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, metals, allergens, microplastics, and hazardous industrial chemicals.
Major sources include:
- Motor vehicles and roadway traffic
- Power generation and fossil-fuel combustion
- Industrial facilities and refineries
- Agricultural operations
- Wildfires and prescribed burning
- Household cooking and heating fuels
- Tobacco smoke and electronic-cigarette aerosols
- Building materials, furnishings, paints, and cleaning products
- Dust, mold, radon, and indoor combustion
Fine particulate matter can penetrate deeply into the lungs and may enter the bloodstream. Exposure has been associated with respiratory disease, cardiovascular illness, metabolic dysfunction, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cognitive decline, neurological disease, and premature death.
The exposome framework recognizes that people rarely encounter only one air pollutant. They inhale mixtures that vary according to location, occupation, weather, housing, transportation, and daily activity. Personal monitoring conducted at homes, schools, workplaces, and along travel routes can therefore provide a more complete picture than residential measurements alone.
Environmental Chemicals and Complex Mixtures
Thousands of chemicals circulate through air, water, food, soil, dust, consumer products, workplaces, and waste streams. Important chemical-exposure groups include:
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS
- Pesticides and pesticide metabolites
- Phthalates, bisphenols, phenols, and parabens
- Flame retardants
- Lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and other metals
- Dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other persistent pollutants
- Benzene, formaldehyde, and other volatile organic compounds
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Microplastics and plastic additives
- Pharmaceuticals and personal-care chemicals
- Nanomaterials and industrial compounds
Some chemicals persist for years, accumulate in food chains, or travel long distances through air and water. Others are rapidly eliminated but remain important because exposure occurs repeatedly through food packaging, cosmetics, flooring, furniture, household dust, and other everyday sources.
Traditional toxicology has often evaluated chemicals individually. Exposome research instead examines mixtures, recognizing that chemicals may have additive, synergistic, antagonistic, or otherwise unexpected effects. Susceptibility may also depend on age, genetics, nutrition, health status, previous exposures, and social conditions.
Measuring the Exposome
No single instrument can measure the entire exposome. Researchers combine multiple technologies and sources of information, including:
- Human biomonitoring of blood, urine, hair, breast milk, and other samples
- Personal air monitors and wearable sensors
- Geographic information systems
- Satellite observations and remote sensing
- Residential, occupational, and transportation histories
- Environmental sampling of air, water, soil, and dust
- Questionnaires and health records
- High-resolution mass spectrometry
- Metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and epigenomics
- Microbiome analysis
- Statistical mixture models and exposome-wide association studies
Targeted biomonitoring measures known chemicals or metabolites. Non-targeted analysis searches samples for unexpected compounds and transformation products. Repeated sampling is especially valuable because exposure patterns may change from day to day and across different stages of life.
Omics technologies help connect exposure with biological response. Metabolomics, for example, can identify changes in lipids, amino acids, antioxidants, inflammation, and energy metabolism. Epigenomic research examines how pollution and chemicals may alter gene regulation without changing the underlying DNA sequence.
Pregnancy, Childhood, and Sensitive Developmental Periods
Pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and puberty are important exposure windows because organs and biological systems are developing rapidly. Chemicals and air pollutants may cross the placenta, alter placental function, or affect fetal growth, immune development, metabolism, lung development, and neurological processes.
Early-life exposome research commonly examines:
- Prenatal and childhood air pollution
- Tobacco smoke and indoor combustion
- PFAS and persistent pollutants
- Pesticides
- Phthalates, phenols, and bisphenols
- Metals
- Diet and nutritional conditions
- Noise, heat, green space, and urban form
- Housing and neighborhood disadvantage
- Family stress and socioeconomic conditions
Studies have investigated associations with asthma, allergies, lung function, obesity, blood pressure, cognition, behavior, neurodevelopment, immune function, puberty, and childhood growth. Because children may receive higher doses relative to their body weight and have more years in which disease can develop, reducing early-life exposure can provide lifelong benefits.
Health Effects and Chronic Disease
Exposome research connects environmental exposure with biological pathways involved in numerous diseases. Common mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, immune dysregulation, mitochondrial damage, altered metabolism, epigenetic change, and disruption of the microbiome.
Health outcomes under investigation include:
- Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Lung cancer and other cancers
- Cardiovascular disease and stroke
- Diabetes, obesity, and fatty-liver disease
- Kidney disease
- Reproductive and developmental disorders
- Autoimmune disease
- Cognitive decline and dementia
- Depression, anxiety, and other mental-health conditions
- Accelerated biological aging
- Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes
The exposome does not imply that every exposure inevitably causes disease. It provides a framework for studying how combinations of exposures modify risk and how protective conditions may improve resilience.
Indoor, Occupational, and Urban Exposures
People spend much of their lives inside homes, schools, workplaces, and vehicles. Indoor environments may contain chemicals emitted by furnishings, electronics, flooring, paints, cleaning products, personal-care products, cooking, heating, tobacco smoke, and outdoor-air infiltration.
Household dust can accumulate phthalates, flame retardants, pesticides, PFAS, metals, allergens, and microplastics. Mold, radon, carbon monoxide, and combustion particles may add further risks. Ventilation, building condition, occupant behavior, and product use all influence indoor exposure.
Workers may experience concentrated exposure to solvents, metals, pesticides, dusts, fumes, combustion products, infectious agents, heat, noise, ergonomic strain, and psychosocial stress. The occupational exposome considers how these conditions accumulate over an entire working life.
The urban exposome expands the analysis to transportation, air pollution, noise, heat, housing, green space, food access, walkability, and socioeconomic conditions. These factors can jointly influence respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental health.
Climate Change and Emerging Exposome Threats
Climate change is transforming the exposome by altering the production, movement, and toxicity of environmental hazards. Rising temperatures can increase ozone formation, extend pollen seasons, intensify heat exposure, and change the behavior of environmental chemicals.
Wildfires introduce fine particles, volatile compounds, metals, and toxic substances released from burning vegetation, buildings, vehicles, and consumer materials. Flooding can mobilize sewage, pesticides, industrial chemicals, mold, and contaminated sediment. Climate-related displacement and economic disruption can add psychosocial stress and reduce access to health protection.
Emerging concerns include airborne microplastics, novel industrial chemicals, expanding wildfire smoke, electronic waste, and chemical transformation products that are not routinely monitored.
Environmental Justice and Cumulative Impacts
Exposure is not distributed equally. Low-income communities, Indigenous peoples, communities of color, industrial workers, migrants, and people living near highways or hazardous facilities frequently experience higher cumulative exposure.
Environmental inequality may involve several overlapping burdens:
- Industrial emissions
- Traffic pollution
- Hazardous-waste facilities
- Poor housing and indoor-air quality
- Contaminated soil and drinking water
- Occupational hazards
- Heat and limited green space
- Inadequate health care and political representation
- Economic insecurity and chronic stress
Cumulative-impact research examines how chemical and nonchemical stressors combine in overburdened communities. Incorporating environmental justice into exposome science can help identify preventable inequalities and guide interventions toward populations carrying the greatest burden.
From Research to Prevention and Policy
The ultimate value of exposome research lies in prevention. Identifying harmful exposures and their sources can support stronger air-quality standards, safer chemical regulation, cleaner energy, healthier buildings, workplace protections, product reformulation, and environmental remediation.
Important policy priorities include:
- Reducing pollution at its source
- Evaluating chemicals as mixtures rather than only one at a time
- Expanding national and international biomonitoring
- Improving disclosure of chemicals used in products
- Protecting pregnant people, children, workers, and vulnerable communities
- Incorporating cumulative impacts into regulatory decisions
- Developing shared exposome databases and measurement standards
- Coordinating research across human, ecological, and social systems
- Applying the precautionary principle when evidence indicates serious risk
- Translating exposure data into accessible public-health guidance
International agreements addressing persistent organic pollutants, mercury, chemical waste, and air pollution demonstrate that exposure reduction requires cooperation across jurisdictions. A coordinated human exposome initiative could improve chemical identification, data sharing, disease prevention, and accountability.
Challenges and Future Directions
The exposome is difficult to measure because exposures are numerous, correlated, geographically uneven, and constantly changing. Researchers must distinguish genuine health associations from coincidence while accounting for genetics, behavior, socioeconomic conditions, and previous disease.
Other challenges include unidentified chemicals, incomplete product information, inconsistent measurement standards, limited long-term sampling, and insufficient representation of highly exposed populations. Search-based records and broad database links may also require confirmation against original publications before being treated as precise citations.
Future research will increasingly combine personal sensors, biomonitoring, high-resolution chemical analysis, artificial intelligence, geographic data, and longitudinal health records. The strongest approaches will integrate environmental measurements with biological evidence, community knowledge, and social context.
Conclusion
The human exposome provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how air pollution, chemicals, climate, occupation, housing, lifestyle, and social conditions interact throughout life. It shifts environmental-health research away from isolated pollutants and toward the real-world mixtures that people experience.
Exposome science also reinforces a central public-health principle: many chronic diseases are shaped by preventable environmental conditions. Better measurement can reveal exposure patterns, biological mechanisms, vulnerable life stages, and unequal burdens. Translating that knowledge into cleaner environments, safer products, stronger protections, and equitable policy could prevent disease before it begins.
Exposome Concepts, History, and Research Overviews
2025
Environmental Exposures Outweigh Genetics in Predicting Mortality
| Austin Argentieri et al. | Nature Medicine | February 2025
Analysis of nearly half a million people found that combined environmental and lifestyle exposures predicted premature death more strongly than inherited genetic risk.
Human Exposome Assessment Platform
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2025
NIEHS describes efforts to develop tools, standards, and data systems capable of measuring environmental exposures across the human lifespan.
2021
Carbon Monoxide Exposure
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2021
Carbon monoxide from fuel-burning appliances, vehicles, generators, and fires interferes with oxygen delivery and can cause fatal poisoning.
Defining the Scope of Exposome Studies and Research Needs
| Peng Zhang et al. | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2021
The authors compare top-down, bottom-up, and functional approaches for connecting external exposures with internal biological effects.
2020
The Exposome: A New Approach for Risk Assessment
| Frank C. M. Sillé et al. | Archives of Toxicology | 2020
Exposome-based risk assessment can better evaluate real-world mixtures, exposure timing, biological response, and individual susceptibility.
2015
Development of the Exposome Paradigm
| Christopher P. Wild | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2015
The exposome concept encourages comprehensive investigation of environmental exposures from conception through the end of life.
The Exposome: A Primer
| Gary W. Miller and Dean P. Jones | Toxicological Sciences | 2015
This foundational overview explains the external, internal, and biological-response components of the human exposome.
2013
The Exposome: From Concept to Utility
| Christopher P. Wild | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2013
Wild describes practical strategies for measuring external exposures, internal dose, and early biological effects in population studies.
2005
Complementing the Genome With an “Exposome”: The Outstanding Challenge of Environmental Exposure Measurement
| Christopher P. Wild | International Journal of Epidemiology | April 2005
This foundational article introduced the exposome as the complete set of environmental exposures experienced from conception throughout life.
Measurement, Biomonitoring, Omics, and Methods
2024
Researchers Find Higher Ethylene Oxide Levels Than Expected in Louisiana
| Associated Press | AP News | June 11, 2024
Mobile monitoring found unexpectedly high concentrations of carcinogenic ethylene oxide near industrial facilities in southeastern Louisiana.
2023
The Human Exposome: A Primer
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health | CDC/NIOSH | 2023
The resource explains how environmental and occupational exposures accumulated from conception onward can be investigated using exposomic methods.
2021
Exposome Data Analysis: Challenges and Opportunities
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Exposome datasets require statistical methods capable of handling correlated exposures, mixtures, changing exposure levels, and multiple comparisons.
2020
The Exposome and Health: Where Chemistry Meets Biology
| Roel Vermeulen et al. | Science | January 24, 2020
This synthesis describes how external exposures, internal chemistry, omics, sensors, and population studies can be integrated to understand disease.
Assessing the Exposome With External Measures
| Michelle C. Turner et al. | Annual Review of Public Health | 2020
External exposome assessment uses monitoring, geographic models, questionnaires, remote sensing, smartphones, and wearable sensors.
2018
Roadmap for Environmental Epigenomics and Cancer
| Zdenko Herceg et al. | International Journal of Cancer | 2018
Researchers propose integrating exposure assessment and epigenomics to investigate environmental origins of cancer.
2016
Systematic Comparison of Statistical Methods for Exposome Studies
| Lydiane Agier et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2016
Researchers compare regression-based methods for finding reliable health associations within large sets of correlated exposures.
2015
The exposome-globe: A Method for Mapping Exposure–Disease Relationships
| Multiple Authors | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2015
The exposome-globe visually organizes connections among exposures, biological pathways, diseases, and population characteristics.
2014
Characterizing Exposomes: Tools for Measuring Personal Environmental Exposures
| Kellyn S. Betts | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2014
Portable sensors, smartphones, geographic information systems, and biomonitoring expand scientists’ ability to measure individual exposures.
Air Pollution, Indoor Air, and Respiratory Health
2026
Air Pollution Within the Public Health Exposome Framework
This review places air pollution within a broader network of environmental, occupational, social, and biological exposures affecting health throughout life.
Atmospheric Transport of PFAS and Human Exposure
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2026
Airborne transport allows persistent fluorinated chemicals to move from industrial and consumer sources into distant communities and ecosystems.
Climate Change and the Chemical Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2026
Heat, wildfire, flooding, and altered chemical behavior can change how pollutants are released, transported, transformed, and absorbed.
Microplastics, Chemical Additives, and Inhalation Exposure
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2026
Airborne microplastics can carry plasticizers, flame retardants, metals, and microbes into the respiratory tract.
The Exposome Imperative: Lifelong Pollution and Lung Health
| Kari C. Nadeau | Nature | 2026
The article calls for research and public policy that address the cumulative effects of air pollution instead of examining individual pollutants in isolation.
Wildfire Smoke and the Expanding Human Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2026
Increasing wildfires expose populations to particles, volatile chemicals, metals, and toxic compounds released from burning structures and vegetation.
2025
Air Pollution Metabolomics and Cardiovascular Risk
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2025
Metabolomic profiling identifies inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid disruption, and energy metabolism as possible pathways connecting polluted air with heart disease.
Environmental Chemicals and Metabolic Dysfunction
| Endocrine Society | Endocrine Society | 2025
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food packaging, plastics, pesticides, and air pollution can interfere with metabolism and contribute to obesity and diabetes.
Exposome and the Prevention of Lung Diseases
| Metin Akgün et al. | Tuberculosis and Thorax | 2025
The exposome framework can improve prevention of asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and other respiratory diseases by addressing interacting environmental hazards.
External Exposome and Incident Asthma Across the Life Course
| Zhaozhong Yu et al. | The Lancet Regional Health – Europe | 2025
Long-term exposure to air pollution, heat, and features of the built environment was evaluated in relation to the development of asthma.
Global Research Trends on the Human Exposome
| Pierre Petit et al. | Environmental Research | 2025
A bibliometric review shows that exposome research increasingly focuses on air pollution, PFAS, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, metabolomics, and environmental epidemiology.
Indoor Semivolatile Organic Chemicals and Human Exposure
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2025
Flame retardants, plasticizers, pesticides, and other semivolatile chemicals move among indoor air, dust, surfaces, clothing, and skin.
Network-Based Identification of Key Toxic Compounds in the Airborne Chemical Exposome
| Wenjun Zhang et al. | Environmental Science & Technology | 2025
A network-analysis framework identifies airborne chemicals that may contribute disproportionately to the toxicity of complex pollution mixtures.
The Airborne Chemical Exposome and Toxicity Networks
| Environmental Health Researchers | PubMed | 2025
Network toxicology offers a way to identify which chemicals within complex airborne mixtures produce the greatest biological disruption.
The Metabolome Informs About the Chemical Exposome and Links Exposures With Health
| Matej Orešič et al. | Metabolomics | 2025
Metabolomics can identify biological effects produced by air pollution, pesticides, plastic chemicals, consumer products, and complex environmental mixtures.
Wildfire Smoke as an Emerging Exposome Threat
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2025
Increasing wildfire smoke adds particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, metals, and combustion products to the human exposome.
2024
Exploring the Residential Exposome Through HVAC Filter Dust
| Morgan L. Schachterle et al. | Environmental Research | May 1, 2024
Household HVAC filters were analyzed to identify hazardous flame retardants circulating in indoor air and dust.
Air Pollution and Brain Health
| Alzheimer’s Society | Alzheimer’s Society | 2024
Evidence increasingly connects long-term exposure to fine particles and traffic-related pollution with dementia and cognitive decline.
Air Pollution and Neurological Disease
| National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | NIH | 2024
Airborne particles, pesticides, metals, solvents, and other environmental chemicals are being investigated as contributors to neurological disease.
Air Pollution, Epigenetic Aging, and Mortality
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
Epigenetic clocks are being used to investigate whether chronic air pollution accelerates biological aging and contributes to premature mortality.
Airborne Microplastics in Homes and Workplaces
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
Indoor environments may contain elevated concentrations of synthetic fibers and plastic particles generated by textiles, furnishings, and consumer products.
Allergens in the Context of Global Environmental Change
| Judith Orasche et al. | Allergo Journal International | 2024
Climate change and air pollution alter pollen, mold, and other allergens that form part of the biological and chemical exposome.
Archetypes of Spatial Variability in Airborne Organic Contaminants
| Fang Zhan et al. | Environmental Science & Technology | 2024
Passive air samplers reveal geographic patterns in airborne organic chemicals and help characterize inhalation components of the exposome.
Association Between Personal Abiotic Airborne Exposures and Body Composition
| Peijun Sun et al. | Environmental Research | 2024
Personal monitoring was used to investigate how airborne particles, chemicals, temperature, and humidity relate to body composition in older adults.
Climate Change-Related Exposures: An Understudied Component of the Exposome
| Vy Do et al. | Current Environmental Health Reports | 2024
Climate change modifies exposure to air pollution, wildfire smoke, pesticides, allergens, heat, infectious agents, and social stressors.
Environmental Exposures and Cancer
| National Cancer Institute | NCI | 2024
Cancer-associated exposures include tobacco smoke, asbestos, benzene, radon, arsenic, diesel exhaust, ultraviolet radiation, and occupational chemicals.
Exploring the Exposome Spectrum
| Laura Di Renzo et al. | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2024
This review examines how air pollution, chemicals, diet, lifestyle, and social conditions combine to influence health and disease.
Hazardous Air Pollutants
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2024
Hazardous air pollutants include benzene, formaldehyde, dioxins, metals, and other substances known or suspected to cause cancer and serious health effects.
Indoor Air Quality and Human Health
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2024
Indoor air may contain smoke, radon, mold, combustion gases, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and chemicals emitted by household products.
Inhaled Pollutants of the Gero-Exposome and Later-Life Health
| Caleb E. Finch et al. | Ageing Research Reviews | 2024
The gero-exposome framework links lifelong inhalation of particles, tobacco smoke, and toxic gases to neurodegeneration and other diseases of aging.
Longitudinal Associations of an Exposome Score With Serum Metabolites
| Danielle R. Healy et al. | Communications Biology | 2024
A combined score covering air pollution, diet, sleep, activity, and socioeconomic conditions identified metabolic changes not captured by single exposures.
Metabolomic Responses to Long-Term Ambient Air Pollution
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
Long-term particulate and nitrogen-dioxide exposure was associated with metabolic pathways involving inflammation, lipids, amino acids, and oxidative stress.
Metabolomics Signatures of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution
| Donghai Liang et al. | Current Environmental Health Reports | 2024
Metabolomics studies reveal biological changes associated with particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and other components of ambient air pollution.
Non-Targeted Analysis of the Indoor Chemical Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
High-resolution mass spectrometry can uncover unexpected chemicals and transformation products in indoor air and household dust.
PFAS Exposure Through Indoor Air and Dust
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
Treated furnishings, textiles, floor products, cosmetics, and consumer goods can release PFAS or their precursors into indoor environments.
Particulate Matter and Health
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2024
Fine particles can penetrate deeply into the lungs and bloodstream, contributing to respiratory disease, cardiovascular illness, and premature death.
The General External Exposome and Chronic Kidney Disease
| Kai-Hang Liang et al. | Environmental Research | 2024
This systematic review examines connections between kidney disease and air pollution, metals, chemicals, climate, socioeconomic conditions, and the built environment.
The Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution
| Health Effects Institute | HEI | 2024
Traffic produces particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, volatile chemicals, brake dust, tire particles, and noise that contribute to the urban exposome.
The Urban Exposome and Cardiometabolic Disease
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
Air pollution, heat, noise, limited green space, unhealthy food environments, and social inequality combine to shape urban cardiometabolic risk.
Traffic Pollution and the Nasal Microbiome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
Traffic-related pollutants may alter respiratory microbial communities and influence inflammatory and immune responses.
Volatile Organic Compounds’ Impact on Indoor Air Quality
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2024
Paints, cleaners, furnishings, building materials, and consumer products release VOCs that contribute to continuous indoor chemical exposure.
2023
“All of Us” Study Plans to Add Environmental Exposures
| Caroline Stetler | Environmental Factor | August 2023
The All of Us program plans to combine participants’ health information with location-based estimates of air pollution and other environmental conditions.
A State-of-the-Science Review of Air Pollution and High-Resolution Metabolomics
| Donghai Liang et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2023
The review identifies reproducible metabolic pathways that may connect particulate pollution with inflammation, oxidative stress, and chronic disease.
Air Pollution and Oxidative Stress
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Particulate matter and reactive gases can generate oxidative stress that damages lipids, proteins, DNA, blood vessels, lungs, and nervous tissue.
Air Pollution and the Proteome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Proteomic research identifies pollution-associated changes in inflammatory, cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic proteins.
Air Pollution, Lipidomics, and Cardiovascular Health
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Lipidomic studies show how particulate matter may disrupt circulating lipids involved in inflammation, cell signaling, and atherosclerosis.
An Exposome-Wide Association Study of Lung Function
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Researchers evaluated numerous chemical, physical, lifestyle, and community exposures to identify factors associated with impaired respiratory function.
Benzene Exposure and Cancer
| National Cancer Institute | NCI | 2023
Benzene exposure occurs through gasoline, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, solvents, and contaminated air.
Exposome and Unhealthy Aging: Environmental Drivers and Biological Pathways
| Tünde Pandics et al. | GeroScience | 2023
Air pollution, toxic metals, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, and social conditions contribute to biological aging and age-related disease.
Exposure to the Airborne PM2.5 Chemical Exposome Increases Heart Rate
| Yuchen Sun et al. | The Innovation Medicine | 2023
A mixture study links industrial chemicals carried by fine particulate matter with elevated heart rates among middle-aged and older adults.
Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk
| National Cancer Institute | NCI | 2023
Formaldehyde emitted by pressed-wood products, furnishings, combustion, and industrial processes is a recognized human carcinogen.
Personal Monitoring of the Airborne Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Wearable samplers reveal that individual exposure to particles, volatile chemicals, and biological material varies substantially across time and location.
Radon and Lung Cancer
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2023
Radon accumulating inside buildings represents an important inhalation exposure and is a leading cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers.
The Exposome and Cardiovascular Health
| Ibrahim Motairek et al. | Canadian Journal of Cardiology | 2023
The cardiovascular exposome includes air pollution, metals, noise, climate, social stressors, and lifestyle factors acting through shared biological pathways.
2022
Air Quality and Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | December 19, 2022
WHO summarizes the major sources, pollutants, diseases, and unequal health burdens associated with ambient air pollution.
Household Air Pollution
| World Health Organization | WHO | November 28, 2022
Smoke from polluting cooking fuels exposes billions of people to particulate matter and toxic gases within homes.
Air Pollution and Climate Change
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2022
Many sources of greenhouse gases also release harmful air pollutants, creating opportunities for combined climate and public-health action.
Air Pollution and the Epigenome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Air pollutants can modify DNA methylation and gene regulation without altering the underlying genetic sequence.
Air Pollution, Metabolites, and Respiratory Health Across the Life Course
| Olena Gruzieva et al. | European Respiratory Review | 2022
Metabolomics links air pollution with oxidative stress, inflammation, amino-acid metabolism, lipid pathways, and impaired respiratory health.
Air Pollution, Metabolomics, and Lung Function
| Olena Gruzieva et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2022
Researchers review metabolic signatures shared by air-pollution exposure and declining lung function.
Flame Retardants in Indoor Environments
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Flame retardants escape from furniture, electronics, insulation, and textiles and accumulate in indoor air and dust.
Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust
| National Cancer Institute | NCI | 2022
Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of particles and gases associated with lung cancer and cardiovascular and respiratory disease.
Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2022
Wildfire smoke exposes communities to fine particles, carbon monoxide, volatile chemicals, and toxic substances released from burning buildings.
Health Risks of Indoor Combustion
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2022
Stoves, heaters, fireplaces, candles, and tobacco can release carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particles, formaldehyde, and other toxic compounds indoors.
Pesticide Mixtures and Respiratory Health
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Agricultural and residential pesticide mixtures may contribute to asthma, respiratory symptoms, airway inflammation, and impaired lung function.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Human Exposure
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | ATSDR | 2022
PAHs form during incomplete combustion and occur in vehicle exhaust, wildfire smoke, tobacco smoke, grilled food, and industrial emissions.
Ultrafine Particles and the Human Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Ultrafine particles from traffic, aviation, combustion, and industrial processes can reach deep lung tissue and potentially enter circulation.
2021
WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines
| World Health Organization | WHO | September 22, 2021
Updated guidelines recommend stricter limits for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
Air Pollution Exposure Near Roadways
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2021
People living or working near busy roads encounter elevated levels of particles, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, benzene, and other traffic pollutants.
Air Pollution and COVID-19
| Bo Wu et al. | Nature Communications | 2021
Population studies investigated whether chronic exposure to fine particulate pollution increased vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Air Pollution and the Blood Metabolome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Blood metabolomics captures pollution-related changes involving lipids, antioxidants, inflammation, and energy production.
Chemical Exposures and Breast Cancer
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2021
Researchers investigate how endocrine disruptors, air pollution, solvents, pesticides, and other environmental agents affect breast-cancer risk.
Chemical Exposures and the Oral Microbiome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Tobacco smoke, metals, air pollution, and consumer-product chemicals may alter oral microbial communities and inflammatory responses.
Chemical Pollution and Environmental Inequality
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2021
Low-income communities and communities of color frequently experience higher combined exposure to industrial emissions, traffic pollution, and hazardous waste.
Metabolomic Signatures of Short-Term Air Pollution and Temperature Exposure
| Feiby L. Nassan et al. | Environment International | 2021
Plasma metabolomics identified biological pathways responding to short-term changes in pollution and ambient temperature.
Mold, Dampness, and Indoor Exposure
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2021
Damp buildings can expose occupants to mold spores, microbial fragments, allergens, and volatile compounds associated with respiratory symptoms.
Nanomaterials and Human Health
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2021
Engineered nanoparticles may enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact and interact with tissues in size-dependent ways.
Wildfire Smoke and Public Health
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2021
Wildfire smoke contains fine particles, gases, and hazardous chemicals that aggravate respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.
2020
Air Pollution and Health: A European Perspective
| European Environment Agency | EEA | November 23, 2020
European monitoring shows that fine particles, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone continue to impose substantial health burdens.
Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases
| Jos Lelieveld et al. | Nature Communications | March 2020
Modeling shows that fine-particle pollution substantially shortens life expectancy through cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disease.
Air Pollution and Autoimmune Disease
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Pollutant-induced oxidative stress and immune dysregulation may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune disorders.
Air Pollution and Diabetes
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter may contribute to insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and type 2 diabetes.
Air Pollution and Mental Health
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Research associates air pollution with depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and other neurological or psychiatric outcomes.
Air Pollution and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Particulate pollution may damage mitochondria, disrupt cellular energy production, and increase oxidative stress.
Air Pollution and Systemic Inflammation
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Inflammatory biomarkers help explain how inhaled pollution produces effects extending beyond the lungs.
Airborne Microplastics and Human Exposure
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Synthetic fibers and plastic particles have been detected in indoor and outdoor air, creating an emerging inhalation-exposure pathway.
Global Burden of Disease From Air Pollution
| Health Effects Institute | State of Global Air | 2020
The report estimates exposure and disease burdens attributable to ambient particulate matter, ozone, and household air pollution worldwide.
The Respiratory Exposome and COPD
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Tobacco, ambient pollution, occupational dust, biomass smoke, infections, and social conditions contribute jointly to chronic lung disease.
The Skin Exposome and Air Pollution
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Particles, ozone, ultraviolet radiation, tobacco smoke, and chemicals can accelerate skin aging and aggravate inflammatory skin disease.
2019
Air Pollution and Bone Health
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Long-term air pollution may affect bone through inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal disruption, and reduced vitamin-D synthesis.
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
| Sanjay Rajagopalan et al. | Circulation | 2019
Fine particles and traffic pollutants promote oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events.
Air Pollution and Kidney Disease
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Fine-particle exposure may damage the kidneys through vascular injury, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic effects.
Air Pollution and the Global Burden of Disease
| Health Effects Institute | State of Global Air | 2019
Global exposure data demonstrate that air pollution remains one of the leading environmental risk factors for premature death.
Environmental Exposure and Telomere Attrition
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Air pollution, metals, tobacco smoke, and psychosocial stress may shorten telomeres and accelerate cellular aging.
Environmental Exposure and the Aging Epigenome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Air pollution, tobacco smoke, metals, and social adversity may accelerate biological aging measured through DNA-methylation patterns.
The Urban Exposome
| Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen | Environment International | 2019
Urban health reflects combined exposure to air pollution, noise, heat, buildings, transportation, green space, and socioeconomic conditions.
Toxic Air: The Price of Fossil Fuels
| Greenpeace Southeast Asia and CREA | Greenpeace | 2019
Fossil-fuel combustion produces particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone associated with millions of illnesses and premature deaths.
What Is the Exposome and How Can It Help Research on Air Pollution?
| Paolo Vineis | Current Environmental Health Reports | 2019
The exposome strengthens air-pollution research by combining external exposure estimates with biomarkers, omics, and biological-response measurements.
2018
Short-Term Traffic Pollution and the Human Metabolome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2018
Controlled and quasi-experimental studies detected rapid metabolic changes after traffic-related air-pollution exposure.
The External Exposome and Allergic Disease
| Robert J. Wright | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | 2018
Air pollution, allergens, tobacco smoke, chemicals, diet, climate, and social stress may jointly influence asthma and allergic disease.
2017
Personal Exposure Monitoring and the Exposome
| Michael Snyder et al. | Cell | 2017
Wearable sensors and repeated biological sampling demonstrate how personal exposure to airborne particles, chemicals, and microbes changes over time.
2016
Socioeconomic Status and Susceptibility to Air Pollution
| George C. Chi et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2016
Individual and neighborhood disadvantage may increase exposure to air pollution and vulnerability to its cardiovascular effects.
2013
IARC Classifies Outdoor Air Pollution as Carcinogenic
| International Agency for Research on Cancer | IARC | October 17, 2013
IARC classified outdoor air pollution and particulate matter as carcinogenic to humans based on evidence linking exposure with lung cancer.
Chemicals, Mixtures, and Toxic Substances
2026
How Endocrine Disruptors Hijack Liver Receptors
| Environmental Toxicology Researchers | Current Opinion in Toxicology | June 22, 2026
Pesticides, bisphenols, phthalates, PFAS, and other endocrine disruptors may interfere with liver receptors and promote metabolic liver disease.
A Large-Scale Look at the Exposome
| Harvard Medical School | Harvard Medicine News | March 18, 2026
Researchers are building large-scale exposome maps to connect lifelong chemical and environmental exposures with molecular changes and chronic disease.
A Network-Based Map of the Chemical Exposome Connects Environmental Exposures to Human Biology
| Stefano D. Lombardo et al. | Nature Communications | 2026
A network constructed from thousands of chemical–gene interactions shows how pollutants, medications, nutrients, and industrial chemicals may affect shared biological pathways.
Integrating the Environment, Human Health, and Society for Exposome Research
| Pablo Gago-Ferrero et al. | Environmental Science & Technology | 2026
The authors argue that exposome research must integrate chemical pollution, human biology, ecosystems, and social conditions to support effective prevention.
2025
Time for the Exposome to Shape Policy
| Nature Medicine Editors | Nature Medicine | September 17, 2025
Exposome science must be translated into equitable policies that reduce cumulative pollution and chemical exposures before disease occurs.
PFAS: A Family of Thousands of “Forever Chemicals” Contaminating Humanity
| Stéphane Horel et al. | Le Monde | January 14, 2025
PFAS contamination of air, water, soil, food, wildlife, and human blood illustrates the global and persistent nature of the chemical exposome.
Building a Human Exposome Project
| Exposome Moonshot Forum | Human Exposome Project | 2025
Scientists propose a coordinated global effort to catalog environmental chemicals and connect exposure patterns with human biology and disease.
Characterizing Variability in Personal Chemical Exposure
| Lisa M. Bramer et al. | Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology | 2025
Personal sampling reveals substantial differences in chemical exposure across people, locations, activities, and time.
Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Metabolic Disease
| Huan Chen et al. | Environmental Research | 2025
Evidence connects endocrine-disrupting chemicals with obesity, diabetes, fatty-liver disease, reproductive disruption, and altered hormonal signaling.
Environmental Mixtures and Biological Aging
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2025
Researchers are assessing whether combined pollution and chemical exposure accelerates epigenetic aging, inflammation, and cellular decline.
Exposome Burden Scores to Summarize Environmental Chemical Mixtures
| Shelley H. Liu et al. | Current Environmental Health Reports | 2025
This review evaluates statistical methods for turning numerous chemical measurements into interpretable estimates of a person’s total exposure burden.
Exposome Research Comes of Age
| Carolyn Beans | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2025
New technologies are helping scientists measure the enormous range of chemical, physical, biological, and social influences encountered during life.
Exposome-Wide Association Study of Environmental Chemicals and Cardiometabolic Health
| Daria Khodasevich et al. | Environment International | 2025
Researchers assessed dozens of phthalates, metals, pesticides, dioxins, and PCBs to find chemical mixtures associated with cardiometabolic outcomes.
The Chemical Exposome and the Gut–Brain Axis
| Matej Orešič et al. | Metabolomics | 2025
Environmental chemicals can influence the brain indirectly by altering metabolism, intestinal microbes, immune responses, and gut–brain communication.
2024
An Exposome Atlas of Serum Reveals the Risk of Chronic Disease
| Li You et al. | Nature Communications | March 2024
Measurements of numerous chemicals in human serum reveal geographic and age-related exposure patterns associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
Plastics and Human Health: A Microplastics Exposome
| Raffaele Marfella et al. | New England Journal of Medicine | March 7, 2024
Microplastics and nanoplastics found in arterial plaques were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Combining Toxicological and Epidemiological Evidence for the Exposome
| Sara P. Porcar et al. | Environment International | 2024
An integrative framework combines population observations with experimental toxicology to evaluate whether exposure–disease associations are biologically plausible.
Exposome-Wide Ranking of Environmental Chemicals
| Erwei Ding et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2024
A ranking method identified PAH metabolites, organophosphate flame retardants, phthalates, and chromium as priority chemicals for further investigation.
Human Biomonitoring for Europe: Measuring Chemical Exposure
| European Environment Agency | EEA | 2024
Human biomonitoring data help identify population exposure to metals, plasticizers, pesticides, PFAS, flame retardants, and other hazardous substances.
2023
Arsenic Exposure and Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | December 7, 2023
Inorganic arsenic in groundwater, food, industrial processes, and tobacco smoke can cause cancer, cardiovascular disease, and developmental harm.
Dioxins and Their Effects on Human Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | November 29, 2023
Dioxins persist in the environment, accumulate in food chains, and can damage reproductive, developmental, immune, and endocrine systems.
Mercury and Human Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | October 31, 2023
Mercury exposure can occur through contaminated fish, industrial emissions, mining, products, and occupational activities.
Global Framework on Chemicals
| United Nations Environment Programme | UNEP | September 2023
The international framework establishes goals for reducing the health and environmental harms caused by chemicals and waste throughout their life cycles.
Characterizing the Adult Exposome in Men and Women
| Raül Castell et al. | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2023
An analysis of 175 environmental factors reveals how chemical, lifestyle, urban, and social exposures cluster differently across populations.
Chemical Mixtures and Human Health
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2023
Mixtures research examines how simultaneous exposure to several pollutants can produce additive, synergistic, or otherwise unexpected health effects.
Chemical Safety and the Exposome
| Oskar Karlsson et al. | Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances | 2023
Exposome science can strengthen chemical safety by accounting for mixtures, previous exposures, biological susceptibility, and interactions with climate change.
EU-Wide Exposure Data for Eleven Chemical Substance Groups
| Eva Govarts et al. | International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health | 2023
European biomonitoring found widespread exposure to chemical groups including phthalates, bisphenols, PFAS, pesticides, flame retardants, and metals.
Environmental Exposure to Bisphenol A
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2023
Bisphenol A can migrate from food containers and consumer materials into food, dust, water, and the human body.
Exposome Epidemiology for Suspect Environmental Chemical Risk Factors
| Young-Mi Go et al. | Environment International | 2023
Researchers demonstrate an exposome-wide strategy for discovering previously unrecognized environmental chemicals associated with breast cancer.
PFAS in Air and Atmospheric Transport
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
PFAS can enter the atmosphere through manufacturing, waste facilities, firefighting foam, sea spray, and volatile precursor compounds.
Pesticide Exposure in Agricultural Communities
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2023
Agricultural workers and neighboring communities may encounter pesticides through direct handling, contaminated dust, household transfer, and spray drift.
Phthalates and the Human Exposome
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2023
Phthalates found in plastics, fragrances, flooring, food packaging, and indoor dust contribute to widespread endocrine-disrupting exposure.
Redefining Exposure Science to Advance Understanding of the Total Environment
| Nicolle S. Tulve et al. | Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology | 2023
EPA researchers propose a systems framework for studying interactions among chemical, physical, built, natural, and social environments.
The Banbury Exposomics Consortium Definition of the Exposome
| Banbury Exposomics Consortium | Exposome | 2023
Experts define the exposome as the integrated compilation of physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial influences that affect human biology.
The Exposome and Nutritional Pharmacology and Toxicology
| Blake R. Rushing et al. | Frontiers in Nutrition | 2023
Diet can modify chemical exposure, metabolism, susceptibility, and biological responses to pollutants within the broader exposome.
2022
The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health: 2022 Update
| Richard Fuller et al. | The Lancet Planetary Health | May 17, 2022
Pollution from toxic air, water, soil, and chemicals remains responsible for millions of premature deaths worldwide.
A Human Exposome Database for Environmental Chemical Research
| Vladimir Barupal et al. | Nucleic Acids Research | 2022
A curated database connects environmental chemicals with exposure information, biological targets, metabolic pathways, and disease associations.
Charting the Landscape of the Environmental Exposome
| Xiaofeng Wei et al. | Environmental Science & Technology | 2022
This review organizes biological and chemical components of the exposome across air, water, and soil.
E-Cigarette Aerosols and Chemical Exposure
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2022
E-cigarette aerosol can contain nicotine, ultrafine particles, volatile compounds, flavoring chemicals, and metals from heating coils.
Environmental Justice and Cumulative Impacts
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2022
Cumulative-impact research examines how multiple pollutants interact with social and economic stressors in overburdened communities.
Occupational Chemical Exposures
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health | CDC/NIOSH | 2022
Workers may experience concentrated exposure to solvents, metals, dusts, combustion products, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.
PFAS Exposure and Immune Response to Vaccination
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Studies suggest that certain PFAS exposures may reduce antibody responses and interfere with normal immune-system function.
The Eco-Exposome Concept
| Stefan Scholz et al. | Environmental Sciences Europe | 2022
The eco-exposome expands exposure assessment to include transformation products, chemical mixtures, biological responses, and ecological health.
The Environmental Burden of Disease
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2022
WHO evaluates how pollution, unsafe water, chemicals, climate change, and occupational hazards contribute to preventable disease.
2021
Analytical Challenges in Human Exposome Analysis With Mass Spectrometry
| Tuulia Hyötyläinen et al. | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry | 2021
Measuring thousands of environmental chemicals requires improved sampling, analytical coverage, identification methods, and quality-control standards.
Effects of Air-Pollution Exposure on Social Behavior
| Chelsea A. Weitekamp et al. | Environmental Health | 2021
Air pollutants may influence cognition, mood, aggression, cooperation, and other behaviors through inflammation and effects on the brain.
Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment
| World Health Organization and UNEP | WHO | 2021
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with hormonal signaling at low doses and during sensitive developmental periods.
Human Biomonitoring in Europe
| HBM4EU Consortium | European Human Biomonitoring Initiative | 2021
This multinational program collected comparable evidence on human exposure to priority chemicals and translated findings into chemical-policy recommendations.
Minamata Convention on Mercury
| Minamata Convention Secretariat | United Nations Environment Programme | 2021
The global treaty addresses mercury emissions, products, mining, industrial use, waste, and human exposure.
Persistent Organic Pollutants
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2021
Persistent organic pollutants resist degradation, travel long distances, accumulate in food chains, and remain in human tissues for years.
Risk-Based Chemical Ranking for a Prioritized Human Exposome Database
| Fang Zhao et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2021
Researchers ranked chemicals using exposure likelihood, persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and evidence of human contact.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
| Stockholm Convention Secretariat | United Nations | 2021
The convention seeks to eliminate or restrict persistent chemicals that travel globally and accumulate in people, wildlife, and ecosystems.
The Wastewater Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Wastewater contains pharmaceuticals, personal-care chemicals, industrial compounds, pathogens, microplastics, and antimicrobial-resistance genes.
Unravelling the Chemical Exposome in Cohort Studies
| Sebastian Huhn et al. | Environmental Health | 2021
European birth cohorts measured metals, pesticides, persistent pollutants, PFAS, phenols, and phthalates to characterize complex chemical mixtures.
2020
Chemical Exposures in Household Dust
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Household dust can contain phthalates, flame retardants, PFAS, pesticides, metals, allergens, and chemicals released from consumer products.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Human Health
| Endocrine Society | Endocrine Society | 2020
Chemicals that interfere with hormones can affect reproduction, metabolism, neurodevelopment, thyroid function, and cancer risk.
Environmental Chemicals in the U.S. Population
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2020
National biomonitoring measures hundreds of environmental chemicals and their metabolites in human blood and urine.
Exposure to Multiple Chemicals in Consumer Products
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2020
EPA research examines how chemicals in products, food, water, dust, and air contribute to aggregate and cumulative exposure.
Metabolic Signatures of the Exposome
| Matej Orešič et al. | Metabolites | 2020
Chemical exposures alter metabolic pathways that may provide early biological evidence of disease risk.
Metabolic Signatures of the Exposome
| Matej Orešič et al. | Metabolites | 2020
Metabolomics can reveal how chemical exposures alter immune function, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and disease pathways.
Non-Targeted Analysis of Environmental Chemicals
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Non-targeted mass spectrometry can detect previously unmonitored chemicals and transformation products in environmental and biological samples.
PFAS Exposure and Lipid Metabolism
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Studies connect PFAS exposure with altered cholesterol, liver enzymes, lipid signaling, and metabolic regulation.
Pesticides and Human Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2020
Agricultural and household pesticides can cause acute poisoning and contribute to chronic neurological, reproductive, and developmental effects.
The Microbiome as Part of the Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Environmental chemicals can alter microbial communities, while microbes can transform pollutants and influence their toxicity within the body.
2019
Microplastics in Drinking Water
| World Health Organization | WHO | August 28, 2019
WHO evaluates exposure to microplastics through drinking water and identifies major gaps in toxicity and exposure research.
Non-Targeted Analysis and the Chemical Exposome
| Douglas I. Walker et al. | Current Opinion in Toxicology | 2019
High-resolution mass spectrometry makes it possible to search biological samples for unexpected pollutants and exposure-related metabolites.
Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Indoor Dust
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Replacement flame retardants are widely detected in household dust and human biological samples.
The Indoor Chemical Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Buildings create complex exposure mixtures through furnishings, cleaning products, cooking, combustion, personal-care products, dust, and outdoor-air infiltration.
The Metabolome as a Key Measure for Exposome Research
| Douglas I. Walker et al. | Current Epidemiology Reports | 2019
Metabolomics integrates external chemical exposures with internal biological responses and disease-related pathways.
2018
Global Assessment of Soil Pollution
| Food and Agriculture Organization | FAO | 2018
Contaminated soil exposes people to metals, pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other hazards through dust, food, and water.
Redefining Environmental Exposure for Disease Etiology
| Stephen M. Rappaport | NPJ Systems Biology and Applications | 2018
The blood exposome provides a framework for measuring chemicals from pollution, diet, drugs, metabolism, and the microbiome in relation to disease.
The Exposome in Practice: Design of the EXPOsOMICS Project
| Paolo Vineis et al. | International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health | 2018
EXPOsOMICS combined personal monitoring, geographic models, biomarkers, and omics to investigate air and water pollution.
The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health
| Philip J. Landrigan et al. | The Lancet | 2018
The commission describes pollution as a major, preventable cause of disease, premature death, economic loss, and environmental injustice.
2017
Biomonitoring in the Era of the Exposome
| Kendra K. Dennis et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | April 2017
Modern biomonitoring combines targeted chemical measurement with metabolomics and other omics technologies to expand coverage of the internal exposome.
Chemical Mixtures and Cumulative Risk Assessment
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2017
Cumulative-risk methods aim to evaluate multiple pollutants, exposure routes, vulnerable populations, and nonchemical stressors together.
Global Burden of Disease From Major Air-Pollution Sources
| Jos Lelieveld et al. | Nature | 2017
Atmospheric modeling attributes premature deaths to pollution from energy production, transportation, agriculture, industry, and household fuel use.
Pesticides and the Exposome
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2017
Pesticide exposures can occur through food, drinking water, household use, agricultural drift, and occupational activities.
The Exposome in Environmental Health Sciences and Related Research
| Gary W. Miller and Dean P. Jones | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2017
The article explains how internal chemical measurements and systems biology can reveal connections between environmental exposure and disease.
2016
Advancing Exposure Science Through Chemical Data Integration
| Carole J. Grondin et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2016
Curated information about chemical uses, sources, occurrence, and toxicity supports prioritization within exposome research.
Measuring the Exposome: A Primer on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
| Dean P. Jones | Toxicology Letters | 2016
High-resolution metabolomics can detect thousands of chemical features and biological responses within small human blood samples.
The Aggregate Exposure Pathway Framework
| Justin G. Teeguarden et al. | Environmental Science & Technology | 2016
The framework traces chemicals from sources through environmental media and human contact to internal dose and biological targets.
2015
From Genome to Exposome
| Stephen M. Rappaport | Science | 2015
Disease research should complement genetic analysis with systematic measurement of chemical and environmental influences.
Using Exposomics to Assess Cumulative Risks and Promote Health
| Martyn T. Smith et al. | Annual Review of Public Health | 2015
Exposomics can identify interactions among chemicals, drugs, diet, infections, stress, and other non-genetic contributors to disease.
2014
The Exposome and Health: Where Chemistry Meets Biology
| Stephen M. Rappaport et al. | Science | 2014
Chemicals circulating in the body provide measurable links between external environmental conditions and internal disease processes.
The Public Health Exposome
| Paul D. Juarez et al. | Health Disparities Research and Practice | 2014
The public-health exposome connects environmental pollution with place, social inequality, policy, community conditions, and population health.
2013
The Occupational Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2013
The occupational exposome considers cumulative chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial exposures across a person’s working life.
Unraveling the Health Effects of Environmental Mixtures
| Danielle J. Carlin et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2013
Researchers describe tools for studying combined exposure across multiple sources, routes, chemicals, and biological pathways.
Untargeted Metabolomics and the Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2013
Untargeted metabolomics measures thousands of small molecules that may reflect pollution exposure, diet, medication, metabolism, and disease processes.
2012
Discovering Environmental Causes of Disease: From Exposure Biology to the Exposome
| Stephen M. Rappaport | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | April 26, 2012
This presentation explains how exposure biology and untargeted chemical measurement can reveal environmental causes of disease.
Characterizing Exposomes: Tools for Measuring Personal Environmental Exposures
| Kellyn S. Betts | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2012
New personal-monitoring technologies allow researchers to capture pollution and chemical exposures that conventional stationary monitors may miss.
The Exposome: A Powerful Approach for Evaluating Environmental Exposures
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health | CDC/NIOSH | 2012
The occupational exposome includes chemical, physical, biological, and organizational conditions experienced by workers over their careers.
2011
Implications of the Exposome for Exposure Science
| Stephen M. Rappaport | Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology | 2011
The exposome encompasses toxicants from all sources and requires repeated, comprehensive measurements throughout life.
The Human Exposome: Understanding the Causes of Complex Disease
| Martyn T. Smith and Stephen M. Rappaport | Toxicological Sciences | 2011
The authors propose measuring the internal chemical environment to uncover non-genetic causes of chronic disease.
2010
The Internal Chemical Environment and Disease
| Stephen M. Rappaport and Martyn T. Smith | Science | April 30, 2010
Measuring chemicals within the body can reveal environmental and metabolic contributors to disease that external monitoring alone may overlook.
Exposome-Wide Association Studies: Searching for Environmental Causes
| Chirag J. Patel et al. | PLOS ONE | 2010
Environment-wide screening applies systematic statistical methods to identify chemical, nutritional, and lifestyle factors associated with disease.
Children, Pregnancy, and Early-Life Exposures
2026
Childhood Outdoor Air Pollution Across Multiple Daily Environments
| HELIX Consortium | Environmental Research | May 29, 2026
Pollution estimates for homes, schools, and travel routes provide a more complete picture of children’s exposure than residential measurements alone.
Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Childhood Asthma
| Pediatric Exposome Researchers | Environment International | May 8, 2026
Researchers examined endogenous metabolites and chemicals including PFAS, pesticides, phenols, and phthalates in relation to childhood asthma.
Multiclass Environmental Chemicals in Maternal and Child Samples
| Environmental Health Researchers | Environmental Research | May 7, 2026
Widespread detection of pesticides, phthalates, PFAS, and other chemical classes demonstrates the complexity of real-world human exposure.
Chemical-Exposome Patterns in Mothers and Children Across Europe
| European Birth-Cohort Researchers | Environment International | 2026
Measurements of PFAS, phenols, phthalates, metals, and pesticide metabolites reveal shared and differing chemical-exposure patterns in mothers and children.
The Airborne Exposome in Childhood Respiratory Disease
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2026
Studies are combining personal air monitoring with biomarkers to investigate how pollution mixtures influence asthma and lung development.
2025
Air Pollution as a Multisystem Stressor in Childhood
| Yutong Mou et al. | European Journal of Epidemiology | 2025
Fine and coarse particulate pollution may produce biological stress across several organ systems before clinical disease becomes apparent.
Air Pollution, Chemical Mixtures, and Childhood Immune Development
| Imane Amine et al. | Environment International | 2025
Prenatal and postnatal pollutants may reshape immune development and contribute to allergic, respiratory, cardiometabolic, and neurological conditions.
Early-Life Exposome and Health-Related Immune Signatures in Children
| Imane Amine et al. | Environment International | 2025
Researchers linked 91 prenatal and childhood environmental exposures with immune-system signatures related to respiratory, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health.
Fetal Development and the Air-Pollution Exposome
| E. A. Abarca-Castro et al. | Frontiers in Public Health | 2025
Air pollution during pregnancy and early childhood may alter placental function, fetal growth, immune development, and long-term disease susceptibility.
Outdoor Air Pollution, Road-Traffic Noise, and Allostatic Load in Children
| Yutong Mou et al. | European Journal of Epidemiology | 2025
HELIX data connect particulate pollution with multisystem physiological dysregulation involving metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine biomarkers.
PFAS Mixtures and Childhood Development
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2025
Mixture-based studies examine whether combined PFAS exposures affect growth, immunity, metabolism, behavior, and neurodevelopment.
Prenatal Air Pollution and Placental Molecular Changes
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2025
Exposome research examines how particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, metals, and organic pollutants alter placental pathways during fetal development.
Prenatal and Childhood Exposure to Chemical Mixtures and Child Health
| Laura Fabbri et al. | Environment International | 2025
Researchers evaluated mixtures of PFAS, metals, phenols, phthalates, and organophosphate pesticides during sensitive developmental periods.
The Pregnancy Chemical Exposome and Placental Function
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2025
Pregnancy studies investigate how metals, PFAS, pesticides, phthalates, and air pollution affect placental development and fetal growth.
The Promise and Challenges of Exposomics in Child Health Research
| Zahra Gheisary et al. | Pediatric Research | 2025
Exposomics can unite air-monitoring data, chemical biomonitoring, wearable sensors, and molecular measurements to study environmental threats to children.
2024
A Plausibility Database for Exposome Effects on Child Health
| Claire Stacy et al. | Environment International | 2024
Researchers created a database that evaluates evidence linking prenatal and childhood exposures with respiratory, metabolic, neurological, and developmental outcomes.
Chemical Mixtures and Children’s Neurobehavior
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2024
Studies examine how simultaneous exposure to metals, pesticides, plasticizers, and persistent pollutants affects attention, memory, and behavior.
Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Mixtures and Metabolic Health
| Núria Güil-Oumrait et al. | JAMA Network Open | 2024
Prenatal exposure to mixtures of endocrine disruptors was associated with less favorable metabolic health in European children.
State of Global Air 2024
| Health Effects Institute and UNICEF | State of Global Air | 2024
The report documents the worldwide health burden of outdoor and household air pollution, with particular attention to children and vulnerable populations.
2023
Prenatal Environmental Exposures and Sex Differences in Child Health
| HELIX Consortium Researchers | Environment International | April 12, 2023
Analysis of 93 prenatal exposures investigated whether environmental conditions contribute to sex-related differences in child development and health.
Environmental Chemicals and Pubertal Development
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Endocrine disruptors may affect the timing and progression of puberty through interference with reproductive and metabolic hormones.
Exposure to Phenols and Parabens During Pregnancy
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Personal-care products, plastics, food packaging, and antimicrobial products contribute to repeated maternal exposure to phenols and parabens.
Metals Mixtures and Childhood Neurodevelopment
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Mixture analyses evaluate the combined neurological effects of lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and other metals.
Prenatal Organophosphate-Pesticide Exposure and Child Development
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2023
Biomarker studies investigate associations between prenatal pesticide exposure and children’s cognition, behavior, growth, and respiratory health.
2022
Multi-Omics Signatures of the Human Early-Life Exposome
| Léa Maitre et al. | Nature Communications | November 2022
Researchers connected childhood exposure to air pollutants, metals, pesticides, PFAS, phenols, and phthalates with molecular changes across several omics systems.
Addressing the Exposome in Pediatric Respiratory Health
| Giuliana Ferrante et al. | Frontiers in Public Health | 2022
This review evaluates exposome-based approaches to asthma and childhood respiratory disease, including air pollution, tobacco smoke, allergens, and chemicals.
Air Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Exposure during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, restricted fetal growth, hypertensive disorders, and placental inflammation.
Chemical Exposures and Pregnancy
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2022
Environmental chemicals can affect fertility, pregnancy, fetal development, and reproductive health during sensitive periods of life.
Early-Life Exposure to Multiple Pollutants and Childhood Obesity
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Studies investigate how prenatal and childhood exposure to chemicals, air pollution, urban environments, and lifestyle conditions relate to obesity.
Environmental Chemicals and Thyroid Hormones
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
PFAS, PCBs, flame retardants, phenols, and phthalates may disrupt thyroid signaling during pregnancy, childhood, and adulthood.
Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Breast-milk biomonitoring can reveal maternal exposure to persistent pollutants, PFAS, pesticides, flame retardants, and plastic-associated chemicals.
Environmental Mixtures and Childhood Allergies
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Exposome studies combine pollutants, allergens, chemicals, diet, green space, and microbial exposures to understand allergic disease.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2022
Secondhand smoke contains thousands of chemicals and increases risks of cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, asthma, and childhood respiratory infections.
Exposome-Wide Associations With Child Blood Pressure
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Metals, PFAS, tobacco smoke, air pollution, diet, and neighborhood characteristics may jointly influence cardiovascular development.
Prenatal Air Pollution and Childhood Epigenetic Patterns
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Prenatal air pollution may leave persistent DNA-methylation signatures related to immune regulation, development, and respiratory health.
Prenatal Chemical Mixtures and Neurodevelopment
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2022
Research links combined prenatal exposure to metals, pesticides, phthalates, phenols, and persistent pollutants with children’s cognitive and behavioral development.
2021
Air Pollution and Childhood DNA Methylation
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Epigenome-wide studies investigate molecular marks associated with childhood exposure to particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide.
Children’s Environmental Health
Children receive disproportionately high doses of air pollution and toxic chemicals during periods of rapid growth and development.
Early-Life Environmental Exposure Determinants of the Child Exposome
| Léa Maitre et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2021
Measurements of 88 prenatal and 123 childhood factors reveal how geography, family characteristics, diet, and behavior influence exposure patterns.
Early-Life Multiple Exposures and Child Cognitive Function
| Jordi Julvez et al. | Environmental Pollution | 2021
Indoor particulate matter, tobacco smoke, household crowding, diet, chemicals, and other exposures were evaluated in relation to children’s cognition.
Environmental Chemicals and Childhood Lung Function
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Researchers examine whether PFAS, pesticides, phthalates, phenols, and persistent pollutants affect respiratory growth and function.
Environmental Exposures and Childhood Asthma
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2021
Outdoor pollution, indoor combustion, mold, allergens, pesticides, and tobacco smoke can trigger asthma or contribute to its development.
Lead Exposure and Human Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2021
No safe level of lead exposure has been established, and children face especially serious neurological and developmental harm.
Prenatal Phthalate Mixtures and Child Behavior
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Phthalates measured during pregnancy were studied as mixtures in relation to attention, social behavior, anxiety, and developmental outcomes.
The Placental Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Placental tissue can record exposure to metals, air pollution, endocrine disruptors, tobacco smoke, stress hormones, and inflammatory processes.
The Pregnancy Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Pregnancy exposome research evaluates how simultaneous environmental, nutritional, occupational, and social exposures influence mothers and fetuses.
2020
Chemical Mixtures and Gestational Diabetes
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Pregnancy studies evaluate whether PFAS, phthalates, phenols, pesticides, and metals contribute collectively to gestational diabetes.
Consumer Chemicals and Reproductive Health
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Phthalates, bisphenols, parabens, flame retardants, and PFAS are investigated for effects on fertility, pregnancy, and reproductive development.
Early-Life Environmental Exposures and Childhood Obesity
| Martine Vrijheid et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2020
An exposome-wide analysis associated childhood obesity with tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution, urban density, metals, and other environmental factors.
PFAS Exposure and Health Effects
| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | ATSDR | 2020
Epidemiological studies associate certain PFAS exposures with altered immunity, cholesterol, liver function, pregnancy outcomes, and some cancers.
Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Childhood Growth
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2020
Pollution during pregnancy may influence fetal growth, birth weight, childhood body composition, and later metabolic health.
2019
Prenatal and Childhood Traffic Pollution and Telomere Length
| Diana B. P. Clemente et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | August 8, 2019
Lower exposure to particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide was associated with longer telomeres in European children.
Early-Life Exposome and Lung Function in European Children
| Lydiane Agier et al. | The Lancet Planetary Health | May 2019
An exposome-wide study identified prenatal and childhood chemical exposures associated with reduced lung function.
Early-Life Environmental Exposures and Child Respiratory Health
| Martine Vrijheid and Lydiane Agier | Collaborative on Health and the Environment | April 17, 2019
HELIX researchers discuss how prenatal and childhood air pollution, chemicals, and built environments influence respiratory development.
Air Pollution and Childhood Attention
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Traffic-related air pollution is investigated as a contributor to attention problems and altered cognitive development.
Air Pollution and Children’s Brain Development
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Prenatal and childhood exposure to traffic pollution and fine particles may affect cognition, behavior, attention, and brain structure.
Air Pollution and Placental Mitochondrial DNA
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Prenatal particulate exposure may alter placental mitochondrial abundance and function through oxidative stress.
Chemical Mixtures and Child Growth
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Mixture studies evaluate how persistent pollutants, metals, plasticizers, and pesticides relate to childhood growth trajectories.
Chemical Pollution and Children’s Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2019
Children’s behaviors, physiology, and rapid development increase their vulnerability to toxic substances in air, water, food, soil, and products.
Consumer Products and Chemical Exposure
| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EPA | 2019
Product ingredients can contribute to inhalation, skin, and ingestion exposures in homes, workplaces, schools, and childcare environments.
Early-Life Environmental Exposures and Blood Pressure in Children
| Charline Warembourg et al. | Journal of the American College of Cardiology | 2019
Chemical exposures, temperature, urban form, and other early-life environmental factors were associated with childhood blood pressure.
Maternal Serum Metabolome and Traffic-Related Air Pollution
| Qin Yan et al. | Environment International | 2019
High-resolution metabolomics identified maternal metabolic signals associated with traffic-related pollution during mid-pregnancy.
Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Persistent pollutants cross the placenta and may affect fetal growth, immune function, metabolism, and neurodevelopment.
The External Exposome and Childhood Health
| HELIX Consortium | PubMed | 2019
Researchers characterized urban, chemical, lifestyle, and social exposures affecting children across several European birth cohorts.
The Pregnancy Metabolome and Environmental Exposure
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2019
Maternal metabolomics provides molecular evidence of exposure to air pollution, tobacco smoke, diet, and environmental chemicals.
2018
Air Pollution and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air
| World Health Organization | WHO | October 29, 2018
Air pollution damages children’s lungs, neurodevelopment, metabolism, and lifelong health beginning before birth.
The HELIX Human Early-Life Exposome Project: Final Results
| HELIX Consortium | European Commission CORDIS | June 20, 2018
HELIX measured more than 100 environmental exposures and connected them with molecular profiles and health outcomes in European children.
Urine Metabolic Signatures of Multiple Environmental Pollutants
| Léa Maitre et al. | Environmental Science & Technology | 2018
Urinary metabolomics identified biological signatures associated with pesticides, PCBs, PFAS, mercury, phthalates, phenols, and other prenatal exposures.
2016
Urban Air Pollution and Human Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2016
Air pollution exposure contributes to stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and childhood respiratory infections.
2014
The Human Early-Life Exposome Project Rationale and Design
| Martine Vrijheid et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | June 2014
HELIX was designed to measure prenatal and childhood exposure to pollutants in food, consumer products, water, outdoor environments, and indoor air.
Health Effects and Chronic Disease
2025
The Exposome at Twenty: A Personal Account
| Christopher P. Wild | Exposome | 2025
Christopher Wild reviews two decades of exposome research and its growing role in identifying environmental causes of noncommunicable disease.
2021
Environmental-Wide Association Studies and the Exposome
| Multiple Authors | PubMed | 2021
Environment-wide association studies screen many exposures to discover previously unrecognized environmental determinants of disease.
2014
The Human Exposome and Its Role in Chronic Disease
| National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | NIEHS | 2014
NIEHS outlines exposure-science approaches for identifying environmental contributors to cancer, neurological disease, and other chronic conditions.
2013
Meeting Report: Environment and the Exposome
| Stephen M. Rappaport et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2013
Researchers identify technologies and study designs needed to connect lifelong environmental exposure with biological responses and disease.
2009
A Prospective Surveillance Model for Linking the Environment and Health
| Christopher P. Wild | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention | 2009
Prospective cohorts with repeated biological samples can reconstruct changing environmental exposures and their effects over time.
Public Health, Policy, Climate, and Environmental Justice
2022
Assessing How Social Exposures Are Integrated Into Exposome Research
| Lise Neufcourt et al. | Environmental Health Perspectives | 2022
The review examines whether exposome studies adequately include poverty, discrimination, working conditions, education, and neighborhood disadvantage.
2016
The Exposome Concept: A Useful Tool for Public Health?
| Paolo Vineis et al. | European Journal of Public Health | 2016
Exposome research offers a way to study multiple environmental determinants of disease while preserving a population-health perspective.
Use of the Exposome in the Practice of Epidemiology
| David G. DeBord et al. | Toxicology | 2016
The authors discuss how epidemiologists can apply exposome concepts to cumulative environmental and occupational exposures.
