Anarchist Communities and Experiments in Self-Government
Comparative Studies and Historical Examples of Anarchist Self-Government
This page surveys scholarship and historical documentation concerning anarchist and libertarian-socialist experiments in self-government. The collected sources examine communities, workplaces, municipalities, Indigenous societies, revolutionary movements, and cooperative institutions that attempted to organize political, economic, and social life through decentralized decision-making rather than centralized state authority.
Comparative Studies and Theoretical Foundations
The collection begins with comparative research examining how decentralized communities organize themselves across different historical periods and social settings. These works explore concepts such as mutual aid, direct democracy, common ownership, voluntary association, prefigurative politics, dual power, horizontalism, and non-hierarchical organization.
Many of the studies compare anarchist ideas with real-world examples of community self-management, while others analyze governance within online communities, neighborhood assemblies, cooperative institutions, and autonomous social centers. Classic works by Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman, Peter Gelderloos, David Graeber, and other theorists explain how stateless societies have been envisioned and, in some cases, partially implemented.
Revolutionary Spain and the Anarchist Collectives
A substantial portion of the material examines the Spanish Revolution of 1936–1939, one of history's largest experiments in anarchist self-government.
The sources describe how workers and peasants collectively managed factories, farms, transportation systems, schools, hospitals, and local governments throughout large portions of Republican Spain. They include firsthand accounts, historical analyses, participant memoirs, and modern scholarship discussing both the achievements and limitations of revolutionary collectivization.
Additional works examine the CNT, neighborhood committees, anarchist militias, village assemblies, and the political conflicts that ultimately contributed to the defeat of the revolutionary movement.
Ukraine, Korea, Bulgaria, and Other Historical Free Territories
Several sources investigate historical territories where anarchists or libertarian movements attempted to establish decentralized systems of governance.
Examples include:
- The Makhnovist movement in Ukraine
- The Korean People's Association in Manchuria (Shinmin Prefecture)
- The Strandzha Commune in Bulgaria
- The Paris Commune
- Kronstadt
These studies analyze free soviets, peasant congresses, village assemblies, communal agriculture, voluntary federations, cooperative institutions, and revolutionary military organization while discussing the challenges these movements faced during periods of war and political upheaval.
Zapatista Autonomy and Indigenous Self-Government
Another major section focuses on the autonomous Zapatista communities in Chiapas, Mexico.
The sources examine Indigenous self-government through village assemblies, autonomous municipalities, rotating leadership, accountability mechanisms, communal land ownership, education, health care, and local justice systems. They also discuss the relationship between Indigenous traditions, anti-capitalist politics, and broader debates surrounding anarchism, democracy, and autonomy.
Rojava and Democratic Confederalism
The material includes extensive coverage of the Kurdish-led autonomous administration in northern Syria commonly known as Rojava.
The collected works discuss democratic confederalism, neighborhood communes, women's councils, ecological principles, cooperative economics, cultural pluralism, and decentralized administration. Many sources compare Rojava with libertarian municipalism and anarchist political thought while also examining debates over its institutions and governance.
Urban Communes, Occupations, and Autonomous Communities
Numerous articles examine contemporary experiments in grassroots urban organization.
Topics include:
- Christiania (Denmark)
- Exarcheia (Greece)
- Occupy Wall Street
- Argentina's horizontalist movements
- Mutual-aid networks
- Cooperative housing
- Social centers
- Autonomous neighborhoods
- Community occupations
These examples illustrate how communities have organized housing, food distribution, cultural activities, education, conflict resolution, and public services outside conventional governmental structures.
Intentional Communities and Anarchist Colonies
The sources document intentional communities founded around anarchist or libertarian principles in North America, Europe, and Latin America.
Examples include:
- Stelton Colony
- Whiteway Colony
- Home Colony
- Modern Times
- Cecília Colony
- Free Acres
These communities experimented with voluntary cooperation, cooperative land ownership, libertarian education, equitable commerce, and alternative economic systems.
Worker Self-Management and Economic Democracy
A large body of material focuses on worker-controlled production.
Subjects include:
- Argentina's recovered factories
- Worker cooperatives
- Factory occupations
- Workers' councils
- Yugoslav self-management
- Algerian autogestion
- Russian factory committees
- Industrial democracy
These studies explore democratic workplace governance, assembly decision-making, cooperative ownership, and debates surrounding economic decentralization.
Indigenous Autonomy and Community Self-Rule
Numerous sources examine Indigenous communities that developed autonomous governing institutions.
Examples include:
- Cherán (Mexico)
- Oaxaca
- Guerrero community police
- Sarayaku (Ecuador)
- Mapuche communities
- Bolivian Indigenous movements
The material discusses customary law, territorial governance, communal assemblies, ecological stewardship, community defense, and Indigenous political traditions.
Communalism and Libertarian Municipalism
Several works focus on communalism and municipal democracy inspired by Murray Bookchin and related thinkers.
Topics include:
- Libertarian municipalism
- Confederations of municipalities
- Popular assemblies
- Social ecology
- Neighborhood democracy
- Participatory cities
- Municipalist movements
- Venezuelan communes
These writings examine proposals for replacing centralized political institutions with directly democratic local assemblies coordinated through confederal structures.
Contemporary Autonomous Communities
The final section surveys recent cooperative communities and intentional communes attempting to practice collective ownership, ecological sustainability, democratic governance, and mutual aid.
These sources provide contemporary reflections on the opportunities and challenges involved in sustaining long-term self-governing communities while balancing individual autonomy, collective responsibility, and economic viability.
Conclusion
Together, these sources provide a broad survey of anarchist and libertarian-socialist approaches to self-government across multiple historical periods, geographic regions, and institutional forms. Rather than focusing on a single model, the collection documents a wide variety of attempts to organize political, economic, and social life through decentralized decision-making, voluntary cooperation, worker participation, communal ownership, and local democratic institutions. The materials include theoretical works, historical studies, participant accounts, academic research, and contemporary analyses, allowing readers to compare both the aspirations and practical experiences of diverse experiments in self-government.
Comparative Studies and Models of Anarchist Self-Government
Community Self-Management and Commoning within Libertarian Socialist Influences
| Usufruct Collective | The Anarchist Library | July 16, 2025
Examines six libertarian-socialist traditions of community self-management, mutual aid, common ownership, direct democracy, and opposition to hierarchical government.
The Evolutionary and Sociopolitical Basis of Self-Governance and Decentralization
| Common Sense World | Medium | 2025
Discusses mutual aid, decentralized cooperation, and anarchism as traditions of organized self-government rather than social disorder.
Evolving Paradigms of Self-Governance
| Douglas C. Youvan | ResearchGate | March 26, 2024
Surveys historical anarchistic and nonhierarchical societies to identify recurring principles of decentralized decision-making and cooperative social organization.
Prefiguring Anarchy: Self-Managed Social Centres
| Sanne Heinen | Utrecht University | 2023
Investigates self-managed social centers as spaces where anarchist communities attempt to practice horizontal governance, collective care, and prefigurative politics.
An Anarchism for the Twenty-First Century?
| Robert Christl | Institute for Anarchist Studies | March 9, 2020
Explores alliances among cooperatives, municipal governments, and radical democratic movements as a possible contemporary form of anarchist commonwealth.
Reimagining Revolutionary Organizing: A Vision for Dual Power
| Symbiosis Research Collective | Institute for Anarchist Studies | December 10, 2019
Connects Rojava, revolutionary Catalonia, workers’ councils, neighborhood assemblies, and municipal institutions to a contemporary strategy of community-rooted dual power.
Emergence of Integrated Institutions in Self-Governing Communities
| Seth Frey and Robert W. Sumner | arXiv | April 27, 2018
Uses data from thousands of self-governing online communities to examine how governance institutions, rules, and administrative authority develop as communities grow.
Care Is at the Heart: An Interview with Marina Sitrin
| Marina Sitrin | Institute for Anarchist Studies | April 5, 2018
Discusses horizontalism, autonomous movements, mutual care, and prefigurative politics in Latin America, Rojava, and other experiments in popular self-organization.
Anarchist Theory and Action Camp
| Institute for Anarchist Studies | Institute for Anarchist Studies | June 13, 2017
Presents workshops examining everyday anarchism, solidarity, direct action, self-governance, revolutionary self-defense, and lessons from Rojava.
Everyday Revolutions: Horizontalism and Autonomy in Argentina
| Carwil Bjork-James | Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology | March 23, 2017
Reviews Argentina’s horizontal movements and their efforts to construct egalitarian social relationships through assemblies, occupations, and community autonomy.
The Democracy Project
| David Graeber | The Anarchist Library | 2013
Examines direct democracy, consensus process, Occupy Wall Street, and anarchist approaches to creating participatory political institutions.
Constructivism and the Future Anterior of Radical Politics
| Thomas Nail | The Anarchist Library | 2010
Analyzes movements that construct alternative institutions in the present, including Zapatista municipalities, participatory communities, and horizontal federations.
Anarchy Works
| Peter Gelderloos | The Anarchist Library | 2010
Collects historical and contemporary examples intended to demonstrate how stateless communities can organize decision-making, conflict resolution, economics, and public services.
Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology
| David Graeber | The Anarchist Library | 2004
Uses anthropological evidence to argue that societies frequently organize important areas of life through consensus, autonomy, mutual aid, and institutions outside the state.
Organizing Communities
| Tom Knoche | The Anarchist Library | 1993
Explores how self-reliant communities can gain control over investment, employment, land, banking, and other decisions normally monopolized by governments or corporations.
What Is Anarchism?
| Alexander Berkman | The Anarchist Library | 1929
Explains how a decentralized anarchist society might organize production, distribution, public services, community defense, and federated decision-making.
Anarchism and Other Essays
| Emma Goldman | The Anarchist Library | 1910
Presents anarchism as a practical philosophy of voluntary association, individual autonomy, cooperative community, and liberation from coercive institutions.
Community Control of the Poor Community
| Lorenzo Kom’boa Ervin | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Argues that community councils, neighborhood assemblies, cooperative institutions, and local self-defense can provide a foundation for popular self-determination.
On Strategy: Collective Ownership and Self-Defense of Our Communities
| Joaquín Cienfuegos | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Proposes independent community councils, federations, collective ownership, and community self-defense as practical components of anarchist social transformation.
Autonomous Self-Organization and Anarchist Intervention
| Anonymous | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Considers tensions that emerge when anarchists participate in autonomous movements without attempting to dominate, direct, or ideologically control them.
Revolutionary Spain and the Anarchist Collectives
Sketches of Spain at Arms
| Sam Jones | The Guardian | May 4, 2026
Describes the recovered work of anarchist illustrator José Luis Rey Vila, whose drawings documented revolutionary Barcelona, anarchist militias, and popular mobilization.
To Remember Spain
| Murray Bookchin | Libcom.org | November 8, 2012
Explains the cultural and organizational foundations of Spanish anarchism and its emphasis on decentralization, mutual aid, workers’ control, and popular self-management.
Workers’ Power and the Spanish Revolution
| Tom Wetzel | Workers Solidarity Alliance | 2006
Assesses the accomplishments and limitations of workplace self-management, neighborhood organization, militias, and anarchist political strategy during the revolution.
The Story of the Iron Column
| Abel Paz | Libcom.org | 2006
Reconstructs the history of an anarchist militia that attempted to combine voluntary discipline, egalitarian organization, and opposition to military hierarchy.
Industrial Collectivisation during the Spanish Revolution
| Deirdre Hogan | Libcom.org | 2002
Examines worker control and collectivization in transportation, manufacturing, communications, entertainment, health care, and other urban industries.
Agrarian Collectives during the Spanish Revolution and Civil War
| Michael Seidman | European History Quarterly | 2000
Offers a critical historical analysis of agricultural collectivization, voluntary participation, coercion, productivity, and political conflict in rural Republican Spain.
The Collectives in Revolutionary Spain
| Lucien van der Walt | The Anarchist Library | 1998
Provides an overview of workers’ and peasants’ seizure of farms, factories, transportation systems, and public services during the Spanish Revolution.
The Spanish Anarchists
| Murray Bookchin | The Anarchist Library | 1977
Traces the social history that enabled anarchist unions, neighborhood groups, village traditions, and revolutionary organizations to create large-scale collectivization.
Collectives in the Spanish Revolution
| Gaston Leval | The Anarchist Library | 1975
Gives a detailed participant account of agricultural collectives, industrial socialization, communal distribution, education, and federated economic coordination.
Collectives in the Spanish Revolution: PDF Edition
| Gaston Leval | Libcom.org | 1975
Documents how workers and peasants reorganized production and local government across Aragon, Catalonia, Levante, Castile, and other regions.
The Anarchist Collectives
| Sam Dolgoff | Libcom.org | 1974
Compiles firsthand reports and historical documents concerning worker self-management in Spanish agriculture, industry, transportation, and public services.
Anarchism in the Spanish Revolution
| Daniel Guérin | Libcom.org | 1970
Describes the expansion of agricultural and industrial collectivization and the political forces that eventually restricted or dismantled worker self-management.
The Tragic Week: A Study of Anticlericalism in Spain
| Joan Connelly Ullman | Libcom.org | 1968
Examines Barcelona’s working-class uprising of 1909 and the neighborhood networks that contributed to the later development of revolutionary anarchism.
The CNT in the Spanish Revolution
| José Peirats | Libcom.org | 1951
Chronicles the anarcho-syndicalist movement’s role in creating collectives, revolutionary committees, militias, and workplace organizations during the Civil War.
Homage to Catalonia
| George Orwell | The Anarchist Library | 1938
Provides a firsthand account of revolutionary Barcelona, egalitarian militias, political conflict, and the visible transformation of everyday social relations.
With the Peasants of Aragon
| Augustin Souchy | Libcom.org | 1937
Records Souchy’s observations of village assemblies, common storehouses, collective agriculture, family allowances, and libertarian economic organization in Aragon.
The Collectivizations
| Augustin Souchy and Paul Folgare | Libcom.org | 1937
Presents contemporary reports on the constructive achievements of the Spanish Revolution in industry, agriculture, education, and public administration.
Self-Management and the Spanish Revolution
| Point Blank | Libcom.org | Undated
Critically evaluates the relationship among anarchist organizations, workplace committees, political leadership, state institutions, and worker self-management.
The Spanish Revolution
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Collects anarchist interpretations of revolutionary Spain and the struggle to establish worker-managed industries and autonomous communities.
Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939: Reading Guide
| Libcom.org | Libcom.org | Undated
Provides an extensive guide to books and articles about anarchist collectives, worker self-management, militias, women’s organizations, and revolutionary politics.
Ukraine, Korea, Bulgaria, and Other Historical Free Territories
The Korean People’s Association in Manchuria
| Wikipedia Contributors | Wikipedia | Updated 2026
Describes the autonomous Korean federation’s village assemblies, district councils, cooperatives, mutual banks, schools, and community defense organizations.
The Strandzha Commune
| Wikipedia Contributors | Wikipedia | Updated 2026
Summarizes the 1903 uprising in which dozens of villages established communal ownership, shared food distribution, elected commissions, and local militias.
The Makhnovshchina and Its Aftermath
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | December 12, 2025
Reassesses the Ukrainian anarchist movement, its peasant base, military organization, free soviets, communal experiments, and historical legacy.
The Makhnovshchina through the Prism of the Psyche
| Michael Kuznetsov | The Anarchist Library | 2024
Interprets the Makhnovist movement as an effort to establish a decentralized anarchist society amid the extreme violence of the Russian Civil War.
The Commune and the Balkans: The Case of Bulgaria
| Yavor Tarinski | Freedom News | June 6, 2022
Examines the Strandzha Commune of 1903 as a short-lived libertarian experiment based on communal property, village cooperation, and ethnic solidarity.
The Makhnovist Movement in Ukraine, 1917–1921
| Zachary G. Flores | Portland State University | 2021
Studies how Ukrainian peasants, insurgents, and anarchist organizers attempted to translate anarchist principles into territorial self-government.
Anarchism in Korea
| Dongyoun Hwang | The Anarchist Library | 2016
Traces Korean anarchism’s transnational development and its involvement in independence movements, cooperative organization, and the Manchurian experiment.
Nestor Makhno: Anarchy’s Cossack
| Alexandre Skirda | The Anarchist Library | 2004
Presents a detailed history of Makhno, the insurgent movement, regional congresses, libertarian communes, and resistance to both White and Bolshevik armies.
The Korean Anarchist Movement
| Ha Ki-Rak | Libcom.org | 1986
Provides a history of Korean anarchist organizations and their efforts to combine national liberation with decentralized socialist reconstruction.
The Unknown Revolution
| Voline | The Anarchist Library | 1947
Covers grassroots revolutionary activity in Russia and Ukraine, including factory committees, free soviets, Kronstadt, and the Makhnovist movement.
The Kronstadt Commune
| Ida Mett | The Anarchist Library | 1938
Examines the 1921 rebellion’s demands for free soviets, civil liberties, independent worker organization, and government accountable to local assemblies.
The Organizational Platform of the Libertarian Communists
| Dielo Truda Group | The Anarchist Library | 1926
Draws organizational lessons from the Russian and Ukrainian revolutions and proposes a coordinated anarchist movement accountable to shared principles.
The Struggle against the State and Other Essays
| Nestor Makhno | The Anarchist Library | 1920s
Collects Makhno’s writings on free soviets, voluntary federation, revolutionary organization, peasant autonomy, and opposition to centralized party government.
History of the Makhnovist Movement, 1918–1921
| Peter Arshinov | The Anarchist Library | 1923
Provides a participant history of the insurgent army, peasant congresses, free soviets, communal agriculture, and conflicts with Bolshevik centralization.
The Paris Commune and Its Lessons
| Peter Kropotkin | The Anarchist Library | 1880
Reflects on the Commune’s neighborhood democracy, federative potential, economic limitations, and importance to anarchist theories of social revolution.
The Paris Commune
| Mikhail Bakunin | The Anarchist Library | 1871
Interprets the Paris Commune as a revolt against centralized state authority and an opening toward federated, bottom-up communal self-government.
Far-Left Agrarianist Peasant-Centric Discourse
| V. S. Lozovyi | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Examines the political program and peasant-centered ideology that developed within the Makhnovist movement during the Ukrainian Revolution.
Shinmin Prefecture Summary
| Min | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Summarizes the Korean anarchist territory in Manchuria, where approximately two million people participated in village assemblies and cooperative institutions.
Down with the Sultan, Long Live the Balkan Federation!
| Georgi Khadzhiev | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Recounts the Strandzha Commune’s abolition of state authority, communal economy, revolutionary organization, and vision of a multinational Balkan federation.
Anarchism in Bulgaria
| Georgi Khadzhiev | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Surveys Bulgarian anarchist movements, rural organization, revolutionary uprisings, cooperatives, syndicalism, and resistance to authoritarian regimes.
Zapatista Autonomy and Indigenous Self-Government
Zapatista Autonomy and Stateless Participatory Democracy
| Al Raven | The Anarchist Library | August 15, 2023
Examines Zapatista autonomy as a participatory system that challenges hierarchical political roles through assemblies, rotation, accountability, and community control.
Asking Questions with the Zapatistas
| Theodoros Karyotis, Ioanna-Maria Maravelidi and Yavor Tarinski | The Anarchist Library | 2022
Considers the Zapatista communities’ relationship to direct democracy, ecology, Indigenous traditions, collective land, and nonstate social transformation.
Zapatismo beyond Chiapas
| Jérôme Baschet | ROAR Magazine | 2017
Discusses the broader relevance of Zapatista autonomy, communal institutions, collective dignity, and resistance to state-centered political strategies.
The Zapatista Uprising Twenty Years Later
| Hilary Klein | NACLA | January 2014
Reviews the development of autonomous education, health care, women’s participation, community government, and collective land since the 1994 uprising.
The Other Campaign
| Subcomandante Marcos | The Anarchist Library | 2006
Describes an effort to connect autonomous Indigenous government with workers, peasants, women, migrants, and anticapitalist movements throughout Mexico.
The Sixth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle
| Zapatista Army of National Liberation | Enlace Zapatista | June 2005
Sets out the Zapatistas’ anticapitalist political analysis and explains their commitment to autonomous local government and solidarity with struggles outside Chiapas.
A Commune in Chiapas?
| Aufheben | The Anarchist Library | 2000
Provides a critical communist assessment of Zapatista land struggles, autonomous institutions, peasant organization, and relations with capitalism.
The Zapatistas, Anarchism and Direct Democracy
| Andrew Flood | The Anarchist Library | 1999
Evaluates the Zapatistas’ Indigenous and Marxist influences while emphasizing their construction of community assemblies and accountable direct-democratic institutions.
Understanding the Zapatistas
| Andrew Flood | The Anarchist Library | 1999
Explains the relationship among village assemblies, autonomous municipalities, the EZLN, and the competing institutions of the Mexican government.
The Zapatistas and the Electronic Fabric of Struggle
| Harry Cleaver | The Anarchist Library | 1995
Analyzes how autonomous communities combined local organizing with transnational communication networks to defend their rebellion and circulate their political ideas.
Understanding Zapatista Autonomy
| Cian Warfield | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Describes community health committees, schools, assemblies, autonomous municipalities, and regional councils operating independently of the Mexican state.
What Is Different about the Zapatistas?
| Andrew Flood | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Details a decision-making network in which delegates and higher councils remain accountable to hundreds of local communities.
Everything I Expected
| C. D. | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Responds to debates about the Zapatistas and examines the movement’s mixture of Indigenous traditions, anticapitalism, nationalism, and autonomous government.
A World in Which Many Worlds Fit
| Subcomandante Marcos | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Presents the Zapatista principle of a pluralistic political order grounded in local autonomy rather than a single centralized revolutionary authority.
Rojava, Democratic Confederalism, and Communalism
Beyond the Border
| Various Authors | ROAR Magazine | Autumn 2018
Examines autonomous political and economic experiments, including Rojava and Venezuelan communes, that challenge borders and centralized state power.
The City Rises
| Various Authors | ROAR Magazine | Summer 2017
Discusses libertarian municipalism, urban movements, popular assemblies, and the potential for cities to become institutions of democratic counterpower.
The Political Thought of Abdullah Öcalan
| Abdullah Öcalan | The Anarchist Library | 2017
Collects writings explaining democratic autonomy, communal economics, gender liberation, ecology, and criticism of the centralized nation-state.
The Commune: Revive the Commune!
| Various Authors | ROAR Magazine | Spring 2016
Explores the commune as a territorial institution of direct democracy and considers contemporary examples in Rojava, cities, and social movements.
Against Deep Green Resistance
| Michelle Renée Matisons and Alexander Reid Ross | Institute for Anarchist Studies | August 9, 2015
Contrasts authoritarian environmental politics with decentralized movements such as Rojava that integrate feminism, ecology, cooperative economics, and community autonomy.
Rojava’s Communes and Councils
| Janet Biehl | ROAR Magazine | 2015
Describes neighborhood communes, councils, cooperatives, women’s organizations, and federated institutions created under the system of democratic autonomy.
Building Democracy without a State
| Janet Biehl | ROAR Magazine | 2015
Examines how communities in northern Syria attempted to construct participatory government while resisting authoritarianism, war, and ethnic division.
The Revolution in Rojava
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | 2015
Introduces debates about Kurdish democratic confederalism, communal decision-making, feminism, ecology, and the relationship between the movement and anarchism.
Rojava: An Anarcho-Syndicalist Perspective
| Anarcho-Syndicalist Review | Libcom.org | 2015
Evaluates the democratic-confederalist experiment from an anarchist perspective, acknowledging its communal innovations while questioning political and military hierarchy.
A Small Key Can Unlock a Large Door
| Strangers in a Tangled Wilderness | The Anarchist Library | 2015
Introduces the Rojava revolution to anarchist readers and describes its experiments with councils, women’s autonomy, cooperatives, and decentralized defense.
The New World Embassy: Rojava
| New World Summit | New World Summit | 2015
Documents discussions among Kurdish activists, artists, and international participants concerning stateless democracy and autonomous political organization.
The Constitution of the Rojava Cantons
| Democratic Autonomous Administration | The Anarchist Library | 2014
Presents the foundational social contract establishing decentralized administration, gender equality, cultural pluralism, local councils, and communal participation.
Democratic Confederalism
| Abdullah Öcalan | The Anarchist Library | 2011
Outlines a system of stateless democracy based on local assemblies, women’s liberation, ecology, cultural autonomy, and voluntary confederation.
The Rojava Revolution
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Collects reports and analyses concerning communes, women’s councils, cooperative economics, popular defense, and democratic autonomy.
Rojava and the Kurdish Question
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Presents multiple anarchist perspectives on Kurdish autonomy, revolutionary institutions, armed defense, nationalism, and democratic confederalism.
Urban Communes, Squats, Occupations, and Cooperative Communities
Fifty Years of Consensus Politics in Christiania
| Tauno Biltsted | Institute for Anarchist Studies | August 4, 2022
Examines five decades of consensus decision-making, community responsibility, conflict, and self-government in Copenhagen’s autonomous Christiania neighborhood.
Battles for Socio-Spatial Hegemony in Exarcheia
| Joshua R. Karlin | Antipode | 2022
Analyzes Exarcheia as a contested autonomous space shaped by anarchist institutions, policing, displacement, migration, and capitalist redevelopment.
What Mutual Aid Can Do during a Pandemic
| Jia Tolentino | The New Yorker | May 11, 2020
Examines decentralized mutual-aid networks that organized food, medicine, child care, and community assistance outside conventional state and charitable structures.
The Attack on Exarchia, an Anarchist Refuge in Athens
| Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi | The New Yorker | January 20, 2020
Describes refugee housing squats, neighborhood assemblies, solidarity centers, collective kitchens, and the state campaign to dismantle autonomous spaces in Exarchia.
Inside Exarcheia: The Self-Governing Community Athens Police Want to Destroy
| Helena Smith | The Guardian | August 26, 2019
Reports on an urban network of anarchists, migrants, residents, squats, and solidarity projects that provided housing and services through grassroots organization.
Christiania: A Society within a Society
| Jon Henley | The Guardian | September 24, 2016
Surveys the achievements, contradictions, and external pressures faced by Copenhagen’s long-running autonomous neighborhood.
The Main Hong Kong Protest Site Is a Perfect Anarchist Collective
| Elizabeth Barber | Time | October 20, 2014
Describes how protesters created a leaderless encampment with volunteer services, sanitation, supply distribution, study areas, recycling, and cooperative decision-making.
Cecosesola: Building Utopia Here and Now
| Matt Noyes | Grassroots Economic Organizing | 2014
Profiles a Venezuelan network of cooperatives that operates food markets, health services, and community institutions through rotation and nonhierarchical decision-making.
Marinaleda: A Village against the World
| Dan Hancox | The Guardian | October 20, 2013
Examines an Andalusian town known for assemblies, cooperative agriculture, low-cost housing, collective action, and resistance to conventional market development.
Paint Bombs
| Mattathias Schwartz | The New Yorker | May 13, 2013
Profiles David Graeber and examines the anarchist and horizontalist principles that influenced Occupy Wall Street’s assemblies and consensus procedures.
Horizontalism and the Occupy Movements
| Marina Sitrin | Dissent | 2012
Compares assemblies in Argentina, Spain, Greece, and the United States and explains their commitment to direct democracy and nonhierarchical social relations.
Occupy Wall Street’s Anarchist Roots
| Nathan Schneider | The Nation | December 2011
Explains how anarchist organizing traditions influenced Occupy’s general assemblies, consensus practices, decentralized structure, and rejection of formal leadership.
The Democracy of Occupy Wall Street
| David Graeber | The Anarchist Library | 2011
Argues that Occupy’s principal achievement was the creation of participatory spaces where people experimented with direct democracy and collective self-management.
Ruptures in Imagination: Horizontalism, Autogestion and Affective Politics in Argentina
| Marina Sitrin | Policy and Practice | Autumn 2007
Explores direct democracy, self-management, mutual recognition, and new social relationships created during Argentina’s post-2001 popular rebellion.
Horizontalism: Voices of Popular Power in Argentina
| Marina Sitrin | Libcom.org | 2006
Compiles oral histories from neighborhood assemblies, occupied factories, unemployed workers’ movements, media collectives, and Indigenous communities.
Temporary Autonomous Zone
| Hakim Bey | The Anarchist Library | 1991
Develops the influential idea that temporary spaces can escape conventional political control and permit experiments in autonomous social organization.
Prefigurative Politics and Occupy
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | Undated
Evaluates efforts by Occupy participants to embody egalitarian social relations within encampments, assemblies, kitchens, libraries, and working groups.
Squatting and the City
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | Undated
Examines urban squatting as a means of collectively reclaiming housing, establishing social centers, and creating autonomous community institutions.
Social Centres as Spaces of Autonomy
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Discusses self-managed social centers as places for assemblies, education, cultural production, mutual aid, and resistance to commercial urban development.
Intentional Communities and Anarchist Colonies
The Ferrer Center and Stelton Colony
| Wikipedia Contributors | Wikipedia | Updated 2026
Surveys the anarchist cultural center, Modern School, and residential colony established by supporters of Francisco Ferrer in New York and New Jersey.
Cecília Colony
| Wikipedia Contributors | Wikipedia | Updated 2026
Summarizes the Italian anarchist agricultural commune founded by Giovanni Rossi in Paraná, Brazil, in 1890.
The Anarchists Who Took the Commuter Train
| Amanda Kolson Hurley | Longreads | April 16, 2019
Reconstructs the history of New Jersey’s Stelton Colony, where anarchists created a cooperative settlement centered on libertarian education, cultural experimentation, and voluntary association.
The Whiteway Anarchists in the Twentieth Century
| Andrew Taylor | History | February 10, 2016
Traces the long history of England’s Whiteway Colony and challenges portrayals of it as merely an eccentric or failed utopian settlement.
January 11: The Modern School
| Lawrence Bush | Jewish Currents | January 11, 2015
Describes the predominantly Jewish anarchist community that developed around the Stelton Modern School and eventually included nearly one hundred homes.
Against All Tyranny! Essays on Anarchism in Brazil
| Edgar Rodrigues | Libcom.org | 2014
Places the Cecília Colony within the broader development of anarchist immigration, labor organization, education, and cultural activity in Brazil.
Home Colony: An Anarchist Experiment
| Paula Becker | HistoryLink | July 7, 2002
Recounts the history of Home Colony in Washington State, where anarchists, free thinkers, and social reformers lived without formal government.
Anarchism in Latin America
| Ángel Cappelletti | The Anarchist Library | 1990
Surveys anarchist movements and experiments across Latin America, including communes, unions, schools, cooperatives, and Indigenous struggles for autonomy.
Anarchy and Community at Modern Times, 1851–1863
| John Calvin Spurlock | Communal Societies | 1983
Examines Josiah Warren’s individualist-anarchist settlement on Long Island and its experiments with voluntary exchange, equitable commerce, and minimal formal government.
Anarchist Communes in the Americas
| Ronald Creagh | The Anarchist Library | 1983
Studies intentional communities in the United States and examines anarchist efforts to construct alternatives through cooperative settlement.
The Modern School Movement
| Paul Avrich | Internet Archive | 1980
Provides a comprehensive history of anarchist education and the communities established around Modern Schools in the United States.
Josiah Warren and the Sovereignty of the Individual
| William Bailie | The Anarchist Library | 1906
Explores Warren’s ideas and the practical communities he established to test cost-price exchange, voluntary association, and resistance to majority rule.
Practical Details in Equitable Commerce
| Josiah Warren | The Anarchist Library | 1852
Explains practical arrangements for labor exchange, property possession, contracts, and voluntary cooperation in individualist-anarchist communities.
Equitable Commerce
| Josiah Warren | The Anarchist Library | 1846
Sets out the economic principles Warren attempted to implement through time stores and experimental settlements such as Utopia and Modern Times.
Modern School Collection
| Rutgers University Libraries | Rutgers University | Undated
Catalogs correspondence, publications, photographs, and organizational records documenting the Ferrer Center, Stelton Colony, and American libertarian education movement.
Modern Times: The Anarchist Community on Long Island
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | Undated
Describes the settlement founded by Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews as an experiment in individual sovereignty and voluntary cooperation.
Whiteway Colony
| Whiteway Colony | Whiteway Colony | Undated
Presents a community history of the Gloucestershire settlement founded in 1898 around shared land, simple living, and anarchist principles.
Anarchism and Utopian Community at Whiteway
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | Undated
Reviews Whiteway’s development from an anarchist land colony into a long-lasting cooperative and alternative community.
Home: An Anarchist Colony in Washington
| University of Washington Libraries | University of Washington | Undated
Provides historical materials concerning the Home Colony’s residents, publications, communal activities, and conflicts with surrounding authorities.
Free Acres: A Cooperative Community
| Free Acres Association | Free Acres | Undated
Describes the New Jersey community founded on single-tax and libertarian principles, with collectively held land and resident self-administration.
Worker-Managed Factories and Economic Self-Government
FaSinPat: Factory without Bosses
| Wikipedia Contributors | Wikipedia | Updated 2026
Summarizes the history and organization of the worker-controlled ceramic factory formerly known as Zanon in Neuquén, Argentina.
Workers’ Self-Management in Argentina
| Marcelo Vieta | Historical Materialism | 2020
Examines Argentina’s worker-recuperated enterprises and how employees occupied failing companies, established cooperatives, and developed democratic management practices.
Workers’ Self-Management, Recovered Companies and the Sociology of Work
| Daniel Ozarow and Richard Croucher | Sociology | November 2014
Evaluates whether Argentina’s recovered workplaces maintained equality, worker participation, social solidarity, and resistance to conventional managerial hierarchy.
Occupy, Resist, Produce
| Marina Sitrin | ROAR Magazine | 2014
Describes workers’ occupations in Argentina and their transformation of abandoned factories into self-managed workplaces serving employees and surrounding communities.
Ours to Master and to Own
| Immanuel Ness and Dario Azzellini | Libcom.org | 2011
Compares workers’ councils, occupied factories, and self-management experiments across Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa, and North America.
Argentina’s New Cooperative Movement
| Marie Trigona | The Nation | March 3, 2010
Reports on recovered factories and other cooperatives that emerged from Argentina’s economic crisis and experiments in popular self-management.
Sin Patrón: Stories from Argentina’s Worker-Run Factories
| Lavaca Collective | Internet Archive | 2007
Collects workers’ accounts of factory occupations, horizontal decision-making, cooperative production, and struggles for legal recognition.
New Forms of Worker Organization: The Recuperated Factories of Argentina
| Marie Trigona | Libcom.org | 2006
Explores how workers used occupations, assemblies, and cooperatives to preserve employment while challenging capitalist workplace authority.
The Take
| Avi Lewis and Naomi Klein | National Film Board of Canada | 2004
Documents Argentine workers attempting to reopen a closed automobile-parts factory under collective ownership and democratic control.
Argentina: The Brukman Factory Struggle
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | 2003
Collects anarchist and worker perspectives on the Brukman occupation, workplace assemblies, solidarity networks, and demands for worker control.
Workers’ Self-Management in Algeria
| Ian Clegg | Libcom.org | 1971
Studies the autogestion system created when Algerian workers occupied abandoned farms and businesses following independence.
The Bolsheviks and Workers’ Control
| Maurice Brinton | Marxists Internet Archive | 1970
Documents the rise of Russian factory committees and their eventual subordination to centralized party and state administration.
Workers’ Councils
| Anton Pannekoek | Marxists Internet Archive | 1947
Develops a model of society governed through federated workplace and community councils rather than political parties or centralized state institutions.
The Worker-Recovered Enterprise Movement
| Participedia Contributors | Participedia | Undated
Introduces the Argentine movement through which thousands of workers occupied bankrupt workplaces and reopened them as cooperatively governed enterprises.
Zanon: A Factory without Bosses
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | Undated
Describes how ceramic workers occupied the Zanon factory and developed assembly-based production under the slogan “occupy, resist, produce.”
Brukman Garment Factory Occupation
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | Undated
Recounts the occupation of a Buenos Aires garment factory by women workers who restarted production and resisted police eviction.
Workers’ Control and Self-Management
| Maurice Brinton | Libcom.org | Undated
Distinguishes genuine worker self-management from systems in which workers merely administer production on behalf of states or private owners.
Factory Committees in the Russian Revolution
| Rod Jones | Libcom.org | Undated
Examines organizations through which Russian workers attempted to manage production directly during the revolutionary upheavals of 1917.
Algerian Self-Management
| Daniel Guérin | Libcom.org | Undated
Evaluates Algeria’s worker-managed enterprises and the conflicts between grassroots economic democracy and authoritarian state administration.
Self-Management in Yugoslavia
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | Undated
Reviews Yugoslavia’s workplace councils and debates whether state-supervised self-management represented meaningful worker control or bureaucratic decentralization.
Indigenous Autonomy and Community Self-Rule
Indigenous Autonomies in Latin America
| Giovanna Gasparello | Latin American Perspectives | October 7, 2024
Compares Indigenous self-government projects that created community-controlled education, health care, justice, and territorial defense institutions.
Indigeneity and Latin American Anarchism
| Troy Andreas Araiza Kokinis and Richard Cleminson | Anarchist Studies | September 18, 2020
Introduces scholarship on encounters among anarchism, Indigenous autonomy, communal traditions, anticolonialism, and land struggles throughout Latin America.
The Sarayaku People and Living Forest
| Amazon Watch | Amazon Watch | July 25, 2018
Describes the Kichwa community of Sarayaku’s autonomous territorial governance and its ecological proposal for protecting the Amazon as a living entity.
Cherán K’eri: Political Parties Are Dead to Us
| Santiago Navarro F. | ROAR Magazine | July 2018
Examines Cherán’s bonfire assemblies, communal council, forest restoration, and rejection of Mexico’s conventional electoral parties.
The Mexican Indigenous Community That Ran Politicians Out of Town
| David Agren | The Guardian | April 3, 2018
Reports on Cherán’s party-free political system, communal security patrols, neighborhood assemblies, and campaign against illegal logging.
Cherán’s Path to Indigenous Self-Government
| Alexander Gorski | NACLA | January 10, 2018
Describes how Purépecha residents transformed an environmental uprising into a durable system of customary government and community-controlled security.
Cherán: Five Years of Self-Government in an Indigenous Community
| Alejandra González Hernández | The Anarchist Library | December 2, 2016
Explains how residents of Cherán expelled political parties, organized neighborhood assemblies, defended communal forests, and established an autonomous governing council.
The Indigenous Community That Rejected Elections
| Katy Watson | BBC News | October 20, 2016
Introduces Cherán’s experiment in electing community councils according to Indigenous customs instead of participating in party politics.
Fifteen Years of Community-Controlled Water in Bolivia
| Marcela Olivera | ROAR Magazine | June 1, 2015
Describes hundreds of community-managed water systems around Cochabamba that make decisions through local assemblies and collective participation.
Dispersing Power: Social Movements as Anti-State Forces
| Raúl Zibechi | Internet Archive | 2010
Studies autonomous communities in Bolivia and argues that everyday communal practices can disperse power instead of concentrating it in state institutions.
The Community Police of Guerrero
| John Gibler | Upside Down World | February 16, 2009
Describes an autonomous security and justice system governed by community assemblies across Indigenous municipalities in southern Mexico.
Teaching Rebellion: Stories from the Grassroots Mobilization in Oaxaca
| Diana Denham and C.A.S.A. Collective | Internet Archive | 2008
Collects testimonies from teachers, Indigenous organizers, women, neighborhood activists, and barricade participants in the Oaxaca rebellion.
Latin America’s Autonomous Organizing
| Marie Trigona | Affinities | 2007
Reports on movements from several Latin American countries coordinating autonomous organizing independently of governments, parties, and nongovernmental organizations.
The Oaxaca Commune
| Various Authors | Libcom.org | 2006
Examines the 2006 Oaxaca uprising and the Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca as an attempt to coordinate grassroots self-government.
Community Police and Autonomous Security in Guerrero
| NACLA Contributors | NACLA | Undated
Examines Indigenous communities that created locally accountable policing and justice institutions in response to crime, corruption, and state neglect.
Autonomy in Oaxaca
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Collects accounts of Indigenous assemblies, communal landholding, barricades, popular councils, and autonomous organizing in Oaxaca.
The Recuperation of Community in Bolivia
| Raúl Zibechi | ROAR Magazine | Undated
Examines communal political traditions, territorial organization, and neighborhood self-rule within Bolivian Indigenous and popular movements.
The Aymara Commune
| Raúl Zibechi | Libcom.org | Undated
Analyzes Indigenous communal organization, rotating leadership, collective labor, territorial assemblies, and resistance to centralized authority.
Sarayaku: The People of the Zenith
| Intercontinental Cry | Intercontinental Cry | Undated
Documents the community institutions, assemblies, cultural practices, and territorial defense of the Kichwa people in Ecuador.
Mapuche Autonomy and Territorial Recovery
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Collects writings on Mapuche land reclamation, horizontal organization, cultural resistance, and struggles for autonomy from Chile and Argentina.
Communalism, Municipalism, and Popular Assemblies
The Art of Freedom: Strategies for Organising and Collective Resistance
| Ella Wilkinson | Freedom News | November 23, 2023
Reports on international movements creating communes, cooperatives, feminist structures, and autonomous institutions while confronting state attempts at control.
Building Alternative Futures in the Present
| Leila Al-Shami | The Anarchist Library | March 18, 2021
Examines grassroots councils and communes created during the Syrian uprising as experiments in autonomous democratic organization beyond the Assad state.
The Municipalist Moment
| Bertie Russell | ROAR Magazine | March 12, 2019
Examines the international resurgence of municipal movements seeking to transfer political power from professional representatives to residents and neighborhood institutions.
Barcelona’s Experiment in Radical Democracy
| Masha Gessen | The New Yorker | August 6, 2018
Reports on Barcelona’s municipalist government and its attempts to bring activist networks, participatory institutions, and community management into city politics.
System Change
| Various Authors | ROAR Magazine | Autumn 2017
Explores communalism, confederal municipalism, social ecology, and movements attempting to build democratic power outside centralized state institutions.
Building the Commune
| George Ciccariello-Maher | Monthly Review | June 1, 2016
Analyzes Venezuela’s communal institutions as contested experiments in local popular power that coexist uneasily with the state.
Venezuela’s Communes: A Great Social Achievement
| Dario Azzellini | Venezuelanalysis | November 12, 2015
Describes Venezuelan communal councils and communes that organize local planning, production, infrastructure, and social programs through assemblies.
The Next Revolution
| Murray Bookchin | The Anarchist Library | 2015
Collects Bookchin’s writings on communalism, democratic assemblies, confederal institutions, revolutionary organization, and municipal politics.
Social Ecology and Communalism
| Murray Bookchin | The Anarchist Library | 2007
Connects ecological reconstruction to directly democratic community government, cooperative economics, and the elimination of social hierarchy.
The Communalist Project
| Murray Bookchin | The Anarchist Library | 2002
Presents communalism as a political strategy for replacing state authority and capitalist property with democratic municipalities and confederated economies.
From Urbanization to Cities
| Murray Bookchin | The Anarchist Library | 1995
Traces traditions of civic self-government and argues for recovering cities as participatory political communities rather than bureaucratic administrations.
Libertarian Municipalism: An Overview
| Murray Bookchin | The Anarchist Library | 1991
Proposes transforming municipalities through popular assemblies whose delegates form accountable regional confederations.
The Meaning of Confederalism
| Murray Bookchin | The Anarchist Library | 1990
Explains how autonomous communities could cooperate through mandated, recallable delegates while retaining decision-making power in local assemblies.
The Confederation as the Commune of Communes
| Debbie Bookchin and Sixtine van Outryve | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Argues for confederations of directly democratic local assemblies capable of coordinating across regions without surrendering authority to centralized states.
Fearless Cities: The New Urban Movements
| Debbie Bookchin and Ada Colau | ROAR Magazine | Undated
Discusses municipalist movements that connect neighborhood participation, feminist politics, public services, and translocal cooperation.
The Commune Is the Supreme Expression of Direct Democracy
| George Ciccariello-Maher | ROAR Magazine | Undated
Examines the commune as an institution through which communities can directly administer territory, production, public services, and political decisions.
Communes or Nothing
| Chris Gilbert | ROAR Magazine | Undated
Explores communal councils, cooperative production, territorial government, and attempts to construct a communal society in Venezuela.
The Communes of Venezuela
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Collects assessments of Venezuelan popular assemblies and communal economies from anarchist, autonomist, and libertarian-socialist perspectives.
A Free Commune in Barbacha
| Matouf Tarlacrea | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Describes the Algerian town of Barbacha, where residents developed assemblies and community institutions after driving conventional authorities from local government.
Contemporary Communes, Cooperatives, and Autonomous Spaces
Confessions of a Communard: The Rocky Road to Collective Change
| Warren Draper | Freedom News | September 19, 2025
Discusses tensions between personal autonomy and social responsibility arising during the construction of an anarchist-inspired residential community.
Confessions of a Communard: All-In for the Revolution
| Warren Draper | Freedom News | January 19, 2024
Reflects on daily life, collective ownership, political education, ecological practice, and interpersonal challenges within A Commune in the North.
Living Communism
| Spencer Beswick | The Anarchist Library | July 29, 2022
Examines revolutionary encampments, communes, mutual-aid networks, and everyday efforts to create communist social relations within capitalist societies.
To Live the Impossible Dream
| Warren Draper | Freedom News | May 18, 2022
Introduces plans for A Commune in the North, a collectively owned settlement combining housing, care, ecological agriculture, and cooperative businesses.
They Started the Revolution without You
| Warren Draper | Freedom News | April 28, 2022
Reports on an alliance connecting cohousing projects, land initiatives, cooperatives, and anarchist-friendly community organizations through mutual aid.
Republic of Wendland: An Antinuclear Village
| Deutsche Welle | Deutsche Welle | May 15, 2020
Recounts the occupation in which thousands constructed a self-governed village to oppose nuclear-waste development.
La Esperanza: Housing through Occupation
| Freedom News Contributors | Freedom News | July 2, 2018
Profiles a Canary Islands housing occupation organized by anarchists and residents that provided homes for dozens of families.
Cecosesola: A Cooperative without Bosses
| John Restakis | Resilience | February 8, 2018
Describes how thousands of cooperative members coordinate large-scale economic activity without permanent managers or conventional hierarchical positions.
Marinaleda: A Utopia toward Peace
| Cat Johnson | Shareable | April 11, 2016
Examines the Andalusian municipality’s cooperative agriculture, assemblies, self-built housing, and policies designed to guarantee employment and affordable homes.
Cecosesola: Building Utopia Here and Now
| Matt Noyes | Grassroots Economic Organizing | 2014
Profiles a Venezuelan cooperative network that manages markets, farms, transportation, and health services through rotating responsibilities and consensus.
Kibbutz and Anarchist Communalism
| James Horrox | The Anarchist Library | 2009
Explores anarchist influences within the early kibbutz movement and its experiments in communal property, direct democracy, collective work, and shared child-rearing.
Christiania: The Autonomous Neighborhood
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Collects histories and critical perspectives on Christiania’s assemblies, communal property, cultural life, alternative economy, and negotiations with Denmark.
Freetown Christiania
| Christiania Community | Christiania | Undated
Presents the autonomous community’s own account of its history, collective decision-making, neighborhoods, workshops, and cultural institutions.
The Free Republic of Wendland
| Various Authors | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Describes the antinuclear protest village created in West Germany with collective kitchens, assemblies, workshops, cultural programs, and autonomous infrastructure.
The Federation of Anarchists of Gran Canaria
| Federación Anarquista de Gran Canaria | The Anarchist Library | Undated
Describes collective housing occupations, tenant organization, mutual aid, and resistance to eviction in the Canary Islands.
Twin Oaks Community
| Twin Oaks Community | Twin Oaks | Undated
Explains the labor-credit system, communal ownership, collective businesses, and participatory governance of a long-running intentional community in Virginia.
Acorn Community
| Acorn Community | Acorn Community | Undated
Presents an egalitarian income-sharing community organized through consensus, collective labor, cooperative enterprise, and common ownership.
The Federation of Egalitarian Communities
| Federation of Egalitarian Communities | FEC | Undated
Introduces a network of income-sharing communities committed to cooperation, participatory decision-making, ecological responsibility, and opposition to oppression.
Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage
| Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage | Dancing Rabbit | Undated
Describes a self-governed ecological settlement using covenants, committees, consensus processes, cooperative businesses, and shared infrastructure.
