Christian Nationalism and Book Bans
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Christian Nationalism and Book Bans
Christian nationalism and contemporary book-ban controversies have increasingly intersected in disputes over public education, school libraries, public libraries, parental authority, religion, race, gender, sexuality, and the role of government in determining what materials young people may access. Research, journalism, organizational records, court cases, and advocacy materials document a broad movement in which conservative Christian organizations, parental-rights groups, elected officials, school-board members, and individual activists have challenged or sought restrictions on books they consider sexually explicit, inappropriate for minors, hostile to traditional religious values, or inconsistent with their views of family and national identity.
Researchers studying Christian nationalism generally describe it as a political and cultural outlook that links American national identity with particular understandings of Christianity. In educational settings, scholars have examined how this outlook can influence arguments about parental sovereignty, religious authority, curriculum, gender, sexuality, race, history, and the responsibilities of public schools. Some academic studies explicitly interpret contemporary book-removal campaigns as part of broader white Christian nationalist efforts to shape public education.
At the same time, organizations involved in book challenges frequently reject the description of their activities as censorship or "book banning." Groups such as Moms for Liberty and allied activists commonly argue that they are seeking age-appropriate school materials, protecting children from sexually explicit content, strengthening parental authority, and distinguishing between removing a book from a particular school collection and preventing adults from obtaining or purchasing it. These competing definitions are central to the national debate.
Christian Nationalism and Education
Academic research increasingly examines connections between Christian nationalism and educational policy. Studies of school-board campaigns, curriculum disputes, literacy education, religious instruction, LGBTQ-inclusive materials, and the teaching of race have identified recurring themes involving parental control, childhood innocence, religious authority, and opposition to educational practices viewed as socially progressive.
Research on school-board politics in places such as Michigan, Florida, Alabama, and other states has found that disputes over books are often embedded in larger conflicts over the purpose of public education. In these debates, questions about individual books can become part of wider arguments about who has authority over schools, whether public education should reinforce particular moral or religious values, and how schools should address diversity in race, religion, sexuality, and gender.
Some scholars use the term white Christian nationalism when analyzing movements that combine Christian identity with particular understandings of American history, race, gender, and social hierarchy. Studies in literacy and education have examined biblical rhetoric, religious dominion, parental sovereignty, and political organizing as components of this broader ideological framework.
Other Christian organizations oppose book restrictions. The Episcopal Church, Interfaith Alliance, and religious leaders participating in anti-censorship campaigns have argued that religious freedom and intellectual freedom can support broad access to books. These examples demonstrate that Christian attitudes toward censorship are diverse and that Christian nationalism should not be treated as synonymous with Christianity generally.
The Growth of Organized Book Challenges
National data from PEN America and the American Library Association document a large increase in challenges to school and public-library books beginning in the early 2020s. Thousands of titles have been challenged, restricted, or removed, with books addressing LGBTQ identities, race, racism, sexuality, gender, and abuse frequently appearing among the most contested works.
The contemporary wave differs from many earlier book disputes because challenges are often coordinated across multiple districts and states. National and regional organizations distribute lists of books, model policies, legal arguments, book-rating systems, training materials, and strategies that can be used by local activists.
PEN America has documented thousands of instances of school-book bans and restrictions and has argued that state legislation, organized pressure campaigns, school-board policies, and administrative decisions have helped institutionalize book removals. The American Library Association has similarly reported that many recent challenges involve multiple titles and are initiated by organized groups, public officials, administrators, or boards rather than isolated individual complaints.
The terminology remains contested. PEN America and the American Library Association generally use broad definitions that include removals or restrictions resulting from objections to content. Critics of these definitions argue that schools routinely make collection decisions and that removing a book from a school library does not necessarily constitute censorship when the same book remains available elsewhere.
Moms for Liberty and Parental-Rights Activism
Moms for Liberty has become one of the most visible organizations involved in school-library and curriculum disputes. Founded during the COVID-19 pandemic, the organization expanded rapidly through local chapters and school-board activism. Its campaigns have addressed books, race-related instruction, LGBTQ issues, gender policies, school choice, curriculum, and parental authority.
Local chapters have filed or supported challenges to books in Florida, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia, New York, and numerous other states. Organization materials frequently describe challenged books as sexually explicit, pornographic, inappropriate for minors, or inconsistent with community standards.
Moms for Liberty rejects the claim that it seeks indiscriminate censorship. Its leaders and members commonly describe their efforts as "curation," enforcement of age-appropriateness standards, or restoration of parental control. Primary-source materials from local chapters provide detailed examples of the books challenged, excerpts cited as objectionable, correspondence with school districts, and legal arguments used in reconsideration proceedings.
Other organizations involved in similar efforts include Citizens Defending Freedom, No Left Turn in Education, MassResistance, and groups promoting book-rating systems such as BookLooks or Rated Books. These systems can allow activists and school officials to identify titles based on categories involving sexual content, violence, LGBTQ themes, drug use, or other material.
Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Book Challenges
A substantial portion of contemporary book challenges involves works dealing with LGBTQ identities, gender, sexuality, race, racism, and the experiences of historically marginalized groups.
Books featuring transgender characters, same-sex relationships, sexual development, racial discrimination, school desegregation, slavery, and other controversial subjects have repeatedly been challenged. Researchers and civil-liberties organizations argue that this pattern can limit students' access to diverse viewpoints and disproportionately affect books written by or about minority communities.
Supporters of restrictions dispute the claim that identity is the primary reason these works are challenged. They often point instead to specific passages describing sex, sexual assault, profanity, violence, or other mature material. This disagreement over motive and effect is one of the central divisions in the book-ban debate.
Some controversies demonstrate the complexity of these disputes. Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, Art Spiegelman's Maus, Mike Curato's Flamer, Ellen Hopkins's Identical, Alan Gratz's Ban This Book, and numerous other works have been challenged for different combinations of sexual content, language, violence, race-related themes, or LGBTQ representation.
Florida and the Expansion of State Policy
Florida has been one of the most prominent centers of contemporary school-book disputes. State laws, administrative rules, district procedures, school-board decisions, parental-rights organizations, and organized book challenges have interacted to create a large and frequently changing system governing access to educational materials.
Moms for Liberty chapters in counties including Indian River, Hernando, and others have challenged numerous books. Some titles have been removed, while others have been retained after review.
Florida's experience illustrates how book challenges can shift from individual local complaints toward institutional systems involving legislation, state guidance, district policy, and formal review procedures. Critics describe this development as the normalization of censorship, while supporters describe it as increased accountability and transparency in the selection of school materials.
Litigation challenging Florida policies has raised First Amendment and constitutional questions about whether school officials may remove books because of disagreement with their ideas.
State and Local Case Studies
Similar conflicts have emerged throughout the United States.
In Utah, state law created mechanisms through which book removals in certain districts can lead to statewide restrictions. In South Carolina, statewide regulations governing age-appropriate materials have led to review proceedings and litigation.
Texas has experienced extensive school and public-library controversies, including disputes over books addressing sexuality, gender, and race. Tennessee has seen controversies involving Maus, Ruby Bridges, and numerous other titles, along with large-scale challenges in Rutherford County.
Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Colorado, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and other states have experienced local disputes involving Moms for Liberty, school boards, rating systems, state laws, or individual activists.
These local cases show that the national movement does not operate through a single centralized process. Instead, national organizations, state laws, local activists, school boards, administrators, librarians, courts, and community members interact differently depending on local political and legal conditions.
School Boards and Political Organizing
School boards have become important arenas for conflicts over books and curriculum. During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, disputes over masks, critical race theory, transgender policies, parental rights, and school-library materials increasingly appeared in local elections.
Organizations such as Moms for Liberty have trained candidates, promoted parental-rights pledges, organized meetings, distributed policy materials, and mobilized supporters around school-board races.
Research on these campaigns suggests that book challenges often function as part of a broader effort to influence education policy rather than as isolated objections to individual works. School-board members and librarians in some districts have reported political pressure, harassment, threats, and exhaustion resulting from prolonged conflicts over books and curriculum.
At the same time, opponents of book removals have organized their own campaigns, including banned-book giveaways, litigation, local advocacy groups, educator coalitions, and legislative efforts protecting access to library materials.
Public Libraries
Although school libraries have received much of the attention, similar disputes increasingly affect public libraries.
Challenges to public-library books have involved children's sections, LGBTQ materials, displays, library-board appointments, reconsideration policies, access rules for minors, and government funding.
Cases in Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, and other states illustrate how disputes over library materials can lead to changes in library governance and policies. Some activists seek greater political oversight of library collections, while librarians and intellectual-freedom organizations warn that political control over collections can undermine professional standards and viewpoint neutrality.
Public-library controversies also raise different legal and institutional questions than school-library disputes because public libraries serve adults as well as children.
Legal and Constitutional Questions
Book-removal disputes raise important First Amendment questions concerning freedom of speech, freedom of inquiry, access to information, government viewpoint discrimination, and the authority of public educational institutions.
The American Library Association's Library Bill of Rights and Freedom to Read Statement argue that library materials should not be removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval. ALA guidance also emphasizes the importance of formal reconsideration procedures when materials are challenged.
Civil-liberties organizations have filed lawsuits challenging school-book removals in Florida, Tennessee, South Carolina, Colorado, Department of Defense schools, and other jurisdictions. Plaintiffs generally argue that government officials may not remove books merely because they disagree with the political, racial, religious, or social ideas expressed in them.
Supporters of restrictions argue that schools necessarily make judgments about educational appropriateness and that elected school boards and parents have legitimate authority to determine what materials minors encounter in publicly funded institutions.
Courts and administrative agencies therefore must often distinguish between ordinary educational selection and unconstitutional viewpoint discrimination.
Competing Definitions of "Book Ban"
Much of the public debate turns on terminology.
PEN America and many censorship researchers use the term book ban to describe removals or restrictions caused by objections to a book's content, even when the book remains legally available for purchase elsewhere.
The American Library Association distinguishes between a challenge, which is an attempt to remove or restrict a work, and a ban, which occurs when the material is actually removed.
Moms for Liberty, the Heritage Foundation, and other conservative organizations frequently reject these definitions. They argue that schools cannot stock every book and that excluding sexually explicit or age-inappropriate books is a normal function of school-library management.
This disagreement is more than semantic because different definitions can produce substantially different assessments of the scale of censorship.
Religious Diversity and Opposition to Censorship
The relationship between religion and book censorship is not uniform.
While researchers associate some book-removal campaigns with Christian nationalism or the religious right, numerous religious organizations oppose censorship. Episcopal Church resolutions, interfaith campaigns, and religious-liberty advocates have defended access to books concerning LGBTQ people, race, and minority experiences.
The American Library Association and Interfaith Alliance's Faith for Libraries initiative reflects this alternative religious perspective, framing intellectual freedom as compatible with faith and religious liberty.
These examples complicate claims that contemporary censorship represents Christianity broadly. The research instead points to conflicts among different Christian traditions and political movements over pluralism, religious authority, sexuality, education, and the appropriate relationship between religion and government.
Broader Significance
Book-ban disputes are part of a larger debate over the character of American public education and democratic pluralism.
For supporters of restrictions, the central questions involve parental authority, protection of minors, local control, moral standards, and the accountability of public institutions.
For opponents, the central concerns include freedom of expression, access to information, professional autonomy for teachers and librarians, representation of minority communities, and protection against government viewpoint discrimination.
Christian nationalism enters this debate when ideas about American national identity, Christianity, family structure, gender, sexuality, race, or religious authority become linked with political efforts to control public educational institutions.
The evidence in the research suggests that book challenges cannot be explained by a single motivation or organization. Contemporary censorship disputes involve overlapping religious, political, legal, educational, and cultural movements whose goals and arguments differ considerably across states and communities.
Conclusion
The contemporary conflict over book bans represents one of the most visible fronts in a broader struggle over public education, parental authority, religious identity, cultural change, and freedom of expression.
Christian nationalist ideas appear in a significant portion of the scholarship and reporting surrounding these disputes, particularly in research examining parental-rights organizations, school-board campaigns, opposition to LGBTQ materials, disputes over race-related instruction, and efforts to promote particular religious or national narratives in education.
However, the relationship is neither simple nor universal. Not every book challenge is motivated by Christian nationalism, not every conservative Christian organization supports the same policies, and some religious groups have become prominent opponents of censorship.
The debate therefore involves both ideological conflict and practical questions about how public institutions should choose materials for minors, how parental concerns should be addressed, how intellectual freedom should be protected, and where the constitutional boundaries of government authority lie.
As legislation, litigation, school-board politics, and organized activism continue to evolve, book restrictions are likely to remain an important measure of broader conflicts over pluralism, education, religion, and democratic governance in the United States.
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Christian Nationalism, Religion, Education, and Censorship
1. | Ryan Schey and Rebekah J. Adams | Critical Education | 2026
Discursive Placemaking Practices and White Christian Nationalism: Analyzing LGBTQIA+ Censorship Debates in a Southern, Small Town Library. Studies arguments used during a library censorship controversy and identifies rhetorical patterns the authors associate with white Christian nationalism.
2. | Sarah Cridland-Hughes | Reading Research Quarterly | 2026
School Boards, Book Challenges, and State Literacy Policy: A Case Study of Policy Layering and Literacy. Examines how school-board politics, state policy, and organized parental-rights activism reshape decisions about student access to literature.
3. | PEN America | PEN America | 2026
Top 52 Banned Books Since 2021. Reviews frequently removed books and explicitly describes Christian nationalism and parental-rights activism as important components of the contemporary censorship movement.
4. | Stony Brook University | Stony Brook University | 2026
Librarians on the Front Line. Discusses contemporary censorship, the documentary The Librarians, and arguments linking organized book-removal campaigns with Christian nationalism.
5. | Lisa Gasson-Gardner and Corinne L. Mason | Canadian Journal of Political Science | August 2026
Parental Rights in “God’s Dominion”: A Case Study of Canadian Christian Nationalism in Alberta. Examines the influence of U.S.-style parental-rights activism, including Moms for Liberty, on Canadian disputes involving transgender students, sex education, and school-library books.
6. | Indiana University Center for Evaluation and Education Policy | Indiana University | August 2026
Bullied, Threatened, and Exhausted: Florida School Board Members' Struggle to Defend Public Education. Interview-based study examining book bans, anti-DEI activism, LGBTQ controversies, Moms for Liberty, and political pressure on Florida school-board members.
7. | Christy Wessel-Powell and Casey Pennington | Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood | May 5, 2026
Moms for Libraries: An Analysis of Gender in White Christian Nationalist Children's Books. Analyzes Moms for Liberty's effort to distribute children's literature that the authors interpret as communicating white Christian nationalist understandings of gender and American identity.
8. | Stephen M. Feldman | NYU Press | January 2026
Who Belongs: White Christian Nationalism and the Roberts Court. Broader background source for understanding white Christian nationalism, constitutional law, religious freedom, political power, and disputes over pluralism relevant to education and censorship.
9. | Brock Lewis | ERIC / Discover Education | 2025
Research record for Lewis's study examining Christian nationalism, private Christian schooling, parental-rights organizations, book bans, LGBTQ issues, and race-related curriculum conflicts.
10. | Ann D. David et al., eds. | ERIC / National Council of Teachers of English | 2025
ERIC record for The Impacts of Censorship, providing research on book challenges, classroom restrictions, political pressure on teachers, and the role attributed by researchers to Christian nationalism.
11. | Adam Laats | Isis | 2025
Christianizing America, School District by School District. Places contemporary parental-rights and school-board activism in the longer history of conservative Christian efforts to influence American public education.
12. | Mary M. Juzwik et al. | Reading Research Quarterly | 2025
White Christian Nationalism, Biblical Proof Texting, and Literacy Curriculum and Instruction. Examines the relationship between white Christian nationalist discourse, biblical interpretation, literacy teaching, curriculum, and contemporary educational controversies.
13. | Author(s) listed in article | API Magazin | 2025
Book Bans in the U.S.: Attempts to Censor Library Materials as a Warning Sign of Antidemocratic Movements. Examines organized censorship networks and discusses Moms for Liberty, No Left Turn in Education, MassResistance, and Christian nationalist organizations.
14. | Marshall University Libraries | Marshall University | 2025
Beyond Magenta: Transgender Teens Speak Out. Tracks challenges to the book and documents a Kentucky political campaign in which a Christian nationalist organization circulated excerpts from school-library books.
15. | National Education Policy Center | NEPC | November 2025
Policy Brief Explores How Christian Nationalism Is Changing Public Education. Summarizes research arguing that Christian nationalist activists increasingly view local public schools as important institutions through which cultural and religious priorities can be advanced.
16. | Kevin J. Burke and Heidi Hadley | ERIC / National Education Policy Center | November 2025
ERIC record and full-text access for the NEPC report on Christian nationalism and educational policy, including discussion of book bans and school-board activism.
17. | Kevin J. Burke and Heidi Hadley | National Education Policy Center | November 4, 2025
Christian Nationalism and Educational Policy in the United States. Policy brief examining the history and educational goals of Christian nationalism, including school-board organizing, parental-rights campaigns, religious instruction, curriculum restrictions, and book bans.
“Book Boundaries” in West Michigan School Board Election Campaigns: Examining White Christian Nationalist Visions of Dominion Over Literacy Education. Examines school-board campaigns in Ottawa County, Michigan, and argues that ideas about parental sovereignty, childhood innocence, religious dominion, and censorship can operate together within white Christian nationalist approaches to literacy education.
19. | Ann D. David et al., eds. | National Council of Teachers of English | June 2025
The Impacts of Censorship: Research on the Intersection of Censorship and Teaching English. Collection examining contemporary educational censorship and explicitly discussing Christian nationalism and other political movements as important drivers of large-scale book challenges.
20. | Brock Lewis | Discover Education | May 7, 2025
A Neglected Crisis: Understanding Christian Nationalism’s Effects on American Education. Discusses Christian nationalism in education and connects parental-rights organizing with book challenges, curriculum disputes, opposition to LGBTQ-inclusive materials, and efforts to restrict teaching about race.
21. | Emma K. Kadziolka | Trinity College | April 11, 2025
LGBTQ+ Exclusion in Sex Education: How Local Parental Conservatism Realizes a White Christian Nationalist Agenda. Student thesis examining Moms for Liberty, parental-rights politics, LGBTQ education, Project 2025, and white Christian nationalism.
22. | Dwayne Fatherree | Southern Poverty Law Center | March 14, 2025
Struggle for Control of Public Libraries in Full Swing Across the Deep South. Surveys library battles throughout southern states involving Christian nationalist organizations, LGBTQ books, Black history, library boards, and state legislation.
23. | Sophia Brown | PEN America | January 24, 2025
Free Expression and the Threat of Christian Nationalism in Florida and Beyond. Examines connections between Christian nationalist activism, Florida education policy, book restrictions, religious pluralism, and disputes over the separation of church and state.
24. | Lacie Sutherland | The Political Librarian | 2024
A Conflict between Religious Extremism and Intellectual Freedom at Ground Zero. Case study of the Autauga-Prattville Public Library controversy in Alabama examining religion, local government, LGBTQ books, library governance, and censorship.
25. | Lacie Sutherland | The Political Librarian | 2024
A Conflict between Religious Extremism and Intellectual Freedom at Ground Zero. Detailed case study of censorship battles at the Autauga-Prattville Public Library in Alabama that the author explicitly connects with Christian nationalism.
26. | Lacie Sutherland | The Political Librarian | 2024
Full-text version of Sutherland's study documenting interactions among churches, library boards, county officials, advocacy organizations, librarians, and book-removal campaigns in Alabama.
27. | Andrew Limbong | NPR / North State Public Radio | September 27, 2024
Why Book Bans Have Been So Hard to Stop. Discusses the institutional and political forces sustaining book-removal campaigns and includes education scholar Josh Cowen's argument that public schools and libraries have become major arenas for resurgent Christian nationalism.
28. | Episcopal Church General Convention | The Episcopal Church | June 27, 2024
Support Access to Material Affirming Marginalized Experiences. Primary-source resolution condemning book bans and encouraging Episcopal congregations to preserve access to books concerning LGBTQ people and racial minorities.
29. | Episcopal Church General Convention | The Episcopal Church | June 27, 2024
Final concurrence record for the Episcopal Church resolution opposing book censorship, useful for showing that Christian responses to book bans are not monolithic.
30. | Episcopal Church General Convention | The Episcopal Church | June 25, 2024
Legislative record for Resolution D039 showing one Christian denomination's institutional response opposing censorship of LGBTQ and racial-minority materials.
From Burning Crosses to Burning Books: How the Religious Right Leverages Book Bans and Censorship to Build a Christian Theocracy. Academic chapter examining the history of religiously motivated censorship and contemporary campaigns targeting books concerning race and LGBTQ identities.
32. | Maya Zabian | Public Intellectuals Project, McMaster University | May 13, 2023
Moms For “Liberty”? White Christian Nationalism and the War on Public Education in the United States. Analyzes book bans, curriculum restrictions, race, sexuality, gender, and parental-rights rhetoric through a white Christian nationalist framework.
National Book-Ban Research, Data, and Trends
33. | PEN America | PEN America | Current
PEN America's main book-ban research portal providing reports, datasets, legal developments, state analyses, and information on censorship campaigns since 2021.
34. | PEN America | PEN America | Current
What Is a Book Ban? And More Frequently Asked Questions. Explains PEN America's methodology and notes that the contemporary movement includes diverse organizations, some of which have used Christian nationalist or white-supremacist rhetoric.
35. | PEN America | PEN America | Current
National resource summarizing PEN America's documentation of tens of thousands of school-book-ban instances since 2021.
36. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Most Challenged Books. Annual lists and historical data on titles most frequently targeted for removal or restriction.
37. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Banned Books Week. Background on challenges, bans, censorship trends, and the freedom to read.
38. | PEN America | PEN America | Current
Resource collection covering challenges, librarian harassment, legislation, reporting procedures, litigation, and community responses to censorship.
39. | American Library Association | ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom | Current
Searchable database of censorship incidents involving individual books, authors, public libraries, and school libraries.
40. | American Library Association Office for Intellectual Freedom | ALA | 2026
Censorship by the Numbers. Reports 4,235 unique titles challenged in 2025 and says organized pressure groups and government decision-makers initiated the overwhelming majority of challenges reported to ALA.
41. | American Library Association Office for Intellectual Freedom | ALA | 2026
National book-ban data portal with separate analyses of censorship in public and school libraries.
42. | PEN America | PEN America | September 2026
Out of Circulation. Expands PEN America's research from school libraries to censorship in public libraries, where LGBTQ books remain frequent targets.
43. | PEN America and Florida Freedom to Read Project | PEN America | September 10, 2026
Reports more than 600 instances of books being removed, restricted, or discontinued by Florida districts during the 2025–26 school year.
44. | American Library Association | ALA | April 2026
Announces ALA's most-challenged books of 2025 and reports that pressure groups, public officials, administrators, and other decision-makers initiated most documented challenges.
45. | Hillel Italie | Associated Press | April 2026
Reports that book challenges remained near record levels and describes the shift from isolated individual complaints toward organized campaigns and government action.
46. | PEN America | PEN America | 2025
The Normalization of Book Banning. Examines how censorship practices have become institutionalized through state laws, regulations, district policies, book challenges, and political pressure.
47. | PEN America | PEN America | 2025
The Blueprint State. Detailed examination of Florida's education censorship system and how legislation, state agencies, local school boards, and activist organizations interact in book removals.
48. | PEN America | PEN America | 2025
PEN America Index of School Book Bans — 2024–2025. Searchable national database documenting individual school-book bans, districts, state-mandated removals, and sources of pressure.
49. | American Library Association | ALA | 2025
State of America’s Libraries: A Snapshot of 2024. Reviews organized censorship, book challenges, legislation affecting libraries, and responses from librarians and state governments.
50. | PEN America | PEN America | 2025
The Bills Igniting Book Bans. Examines state laws and regulations that contribute to local book removals and the growth of parental-rights legislation.
51. | PEN America | PEN America | 2025
National research resources accompanying PEN America's 2024–25 book-ban data, documenting 6,870 instances of school book bans.
52. | National Education Association | NEA | 2025
Examines book removals and organized opposition to censorship, with particular attention to LGBTQ, racial-minority, Jewish, and Muslim stories.
53. | American Library Association and Interfaith Alliance | ALA | November 5, 2025
Faith for Libraries Campaign Will Combat Book Censorship and Defend Religious Freedom. Presents a multifaith response to book censorship and emphasizes that religious communities themselves hold differing positions on book bans.
54. | ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee | American Library Association | June 2025
Annual intellectual-freedom report documenting thousands of books challenged or restricted and threats faced by librarians and educators.
55. | Brenda Álvarez | National Education Association | June 9, 2025
Examines national organizing by educators against curriculum censorship, history restrictions, and book bans.
56. | Kalie Walker | National Education Association | May 16, 2025
Educators in Minnesota Sue to Stop Book Bans. Reports litigation challenging a district's reliance on outside book-rating systems.
57. | PEN America | PEN America | February 2025
Cover to Cover. Content analysis of more than 4,000 books banned during the 2023–24 school year, including representation of LGBTQ people, people of color, racism, violence, abuse, and sexual experiences.
58. | American Library Association | ALA | January 26, 2025
ALA to U.S. Department of Education: Book Bans Are Real. Response to the federal government's decision to dismiss civil-rights complaints involving school book restrictions.
59. | American Library Association | ALA | 2024
Surge in Book Challenges Press Kit. Documents the record 4,240 unique titles targeted during 2023 and the rise of mass challenges involving many books at once.
60. | American Library Association | ALA | 2024
State of America's Libraries 2024. Reviews book challenges, legislative restrictions, threats against library employees, and organized censorship in public and school libraries.
61. | PEN America | PEN America | November 1, 2024
Banned in the USA: Beyond the Shelves. Documents 10,046 instances of school book bans during 2023–24 and examines their relationship to broader educational restrictions involving race, gender, sexuality, and history.
62. | American Library Association | ALA | September 23, 2024
Preliminary 2024 censorship statistics documenting continuing high levels of organized challenges and describing the growth of less visible forms of restricted access.
63. | First Amendment Encyclopedia | Middle Tennessee State University | September 20, 2024
State Laws on Book Bans. Neutral legal overview of states encouraging greater parental control over school materials and states adopting protections against politically motivated book removals.
64. | Madison Markham and Samantha LaFrance | PEN America | August 22, 2024
The State of Book Bans: Utah’s ‘No-Read List’. Examines Utah's statewide book-removal mechanism and the first group of titles removed from all public schools under the law.
65. | PEN America | PEN America | 2023
PEN America Index of School Book Bans — 2022–2023. Documents 3,362 instances of banned books affecting more than 1,500 unique titles in 33 states.
66. | PEN America | PEN America | September 2023
Banned in the USA: The Mounting Pressure to Censor. Finds extensive overlap between districts experiencing book bans and counties containing chapters of Moms for Liberty, Citizens Defending Freedom, or Parents’ Rights in Education.
67. | Lisa Tolin | PEN America | September 21, 2023
The 11 Most Banned Books of the 2022–2023 School Year. Reviews frequently removed titles and the subjects most commonly represented in them.
68. | Jonathan Friedman and Nadine Farid Johnson | PEN America | September 2022
Banned in the USA: The Growing Movement to Censor Books in Schools. Early national report documenting the rapid growth of organized book-removal campaigns and the role of groups including Moms for Liberty.
69. | American Library Association | ALA | 2016
Religion in American Libraries: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights. Discusses religious materials, religious objections, viewpoint neutrality, and library access.
Moms for Liberty, Parental-Rights Organizations, and School-Board Campaigns
70. | Southern Poverty Law Center | SPLC | Current
Profile of Moms for Liberty describing its origins, educational priorities, opposition to LGBTQ and race-related materials, school-board activity, and participation in book-removal campaigns.
71. | No Left Turn in Education / Rated Books | Rated Books | Current
Book-rating database used by No Left Turn in Education to identify sexual, violent, LGBTQ, and other material activists consider inappropriate for minors.
72. | Moms for Liberty / Fox News material | Moms for Liberty | September 21, 2026
Presents supporters' rationale for Cobb County's removal of Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, emphasizing sexual violence and parental control.
73. | Education Week | Education Week | June 2026
Research on school-board conflicts involving masks, critical race theory, book restrictions, and transgender issues from 2018 through 2024.
74. | Moms for Liberty | Moms for Liberty | April 21, 2026
Book Resources. Lists children's literature, publishers, and reading programs approved or recommended by Moms for Liberty.
75. | MassResistance | MassResistance | April 20, 2026
Describes the organization's campaign to remove books from an Oklahoma school system and its criticism of formal reconsideration procedures.
76. | PEN America and Moms for Liberty | Moms for Liberty | October 2025
Two Sides of Book Bans. Useful side-by-side presentation of arguments over whether removing or restricting school-library materials constitutes censorship or responsible age-based curation.
77. | Jarrett Stepman | Moms for Liberty | August 31, 2025
Presents a conservative critique of the term “book banning” and argues that many disputed removals concern age suitability and sexual content rather than suppression of ideas.
78. | Jennifer Pippin | Moms for Liberty | July 18, 2025
Defends Florida's school-library policies and argues that challenged books are primarily targeted because of graphic sexual material rather than the identities of characters.
79. | Mark Harper | Moms for Liberty | February 12, 2025
Reports a Volusia County Moms for Liberty leader's objections to books displayed during school literacy events.
80. | Moms for Liberty — Santa Clara County | Moms for Liberty | 2024
Primary-source document identifying seven books the organization sought to remove from California schools because of sexual, LGBTQ, drug, or other content.
81. | Moms for Liberty | Moms for Liberty | May 11, 2024
Celebrates the removal of most books challenged by a Moms for Liberty activist in Hernando County, Florida.
82. | Carlos Suarez | CNN | February 26, 2024
Reports on Indian River County activist Jennifer Pippin and repeated challenges to school-library books.
83. | CNN / CBS Miami | February 3, 2024
Reports political pushback against Moms for Liberty and a Florida school-board decision retaining Slaughterhouse-Five and The Kite Runner.
84. | Mitch Perry | Florida Phoenix | February 2, 2024
Profiles Moms for Liberty's growth to hundreds of chapters and its continuing involvement in school-board and parental-rights politics.
85. | Moms for Liberty — Hamilton County, Indiana | Moms for Liberty | 2023
What Is in the School Library? Primary-source guide identifying books the organization encourages parents to investigate and potentially challenge.
86. | Vincent Safuto | Moms for Liberty | December 6, 2023
Reports a series of Hernando County challenges filed by Moms for Liberty and records review committees' differing recommendations.
87. | Citizens Defending Freedom | Citizens Defending Freedom | October 26, 2023
Describes Citizens Defending Freedom's campaign challenging allegedly sexually explicit books in Nassau County, Florida.
88. | Vincent Safuto | Moms for Liberty | October 21, 2023
Reports challenges to It’s So Amazing and The Perks of Being a Wallflower and includes Moms for Liberty's argument that the organization seeks age-appropriate libraries rather than blanket bans.
89. | Max Eden and Jay P. Greene | Heritage Foundation | October 6, 2023
Argues that many disputed school-library removals are incorrectly described as book bans and that sexual explicitness rather than race or LGBTQ identity is the primary concern.
90. | Moms for Liberty — Indian River County | Moms for Liberty | September 7, 2023
Organization's statement praising removal of 34 school-library titles it described as sexually explicit.
91. | Elle Reeve | CNN | May 20, 2023
Report on Moms for Liberty activists in Colorado discussing books, LGBTQ themes, school boards, curriculum, and parental control.
92. | CNN | CNN | May 19, 2023
Examines Moms for Liberty's national expansion and its role in Florida book and curriculum controversies.
93. | Martha Teichner | CBS News | April 23, 2023
War of Words: The Fight Over Banning Books. National examination of Moms for Liberty, school-library challenges, parental rights, and arguments over pornography and censorship.
94. | Education Week Staff | Education Week | March 2023
Reports ALA findings showing a shift from individual objections toward coordinated multi-title challenges.
95. | Anderson Cooper / Jodi Picoult interview | CNN | March 13, 2023
Discussion of mass book challenges in Martin County, Florida, including complaints submitted by a Moms for Liberty-associated activist.
96. | Eesha Pendharkar | Education Week | January 2023
Examines Florida rules governing book selection and challenges and the role of Moms for Liberty in consultation over librarian training.
97. | CBS News | CBS News | 2022
Examines how Moms for Liberty grew into a national organization and how its local chapters challenged or sought restrictions on school books.
98. | Education Week | Education Week | October 2022
Examines Moms for Liberty's candidate training and parental-rights pledge for school-board candidates.
99. | MassResistance | MassResistance | October 24, 2022
Primary-source defense of organized efforts to remove books involving sexuality and LGBTQ themes from schools and libraries.
100. | Eesha Pendharkar | Education Week | September 19, 2022
Who's Behind the Escalating Push to Ban Books? Examines Moms for Liberty, No Left Turn in Education, MassResistance, local organizations, and lawmakers involved in coordinated school-book challenges.
101. | Moms for Liberty — Indian River County | Moms for Liberty | February 28, 2022
Primary-source statement showing how Moms for Liberty frames its book challenges as protection of children from pornography.
102. | Beth Wallis and Robby Korth | StateImpact Oklahoma | February 16, 2022
Reports a Tulsa County Moms for Liberty challenge to Thirteen Reasons Why and Me and Earl and the Dying Girl.
103. | Evie Blad | Education Week | January 2022
Early examination of librarians responding to organized book challenges and interviews with Moms for Liberty and No Left Turn in Education about their objections.
104. | Denise Sawyer / CBS12 material | Moms for Liberty | November 8, 2021
Early Indian River County controversy in which dozens of school-library books were flagged by Moms for Liberty.
Reporting on Moms for Liberty and Organized Book Challenges
105. | ProPublica Staff | ProPublica | 2025
Examines connections among federal education policy, Moms for Liberty, Defending Education, America First Policy Institute, school choice, Christian-oriented educational advocacy, and book bans.
106. | ProPublica Staff | ProPublica | 2025
Examines Oklahoma as a focal point for efforts to reshape public education around conservative approaches to religion, race, gender, curriculum, and school-library materials.
107. | Brooke Schultz | Education Week | April 2025
Examines Moms for Liberty's training operation and the ways national resources are supplied to local chapters engaged in disputes over books, DEI, and education policy.
108. | Kathryn Joyce | Vanity Fair | 2024
Examines Pennridge School District in Pennsylvania, including conservative school-board organizing, curriculum changes, LGBTQ policies, books, and later electoral backlash.
109. | Brooke Schultz | Education Week | September 2024
Reviews current book-challenge trends and describes the combination of national political rhetoric and local organizations such as Moms for Liberty.
110. | Jeffrey Brown | PBS NewsHour | 2023
Interview with ALA's Deborah Caldwell-Stone discussing the shift from individual book complaints toward organized mass challenges involving groups including Moms for Liberty and No Left Turn in Education.
111. | ProPublica | ProPublica | 2023
Investigates how school-board meetings became national political battlegrounds and how groups including Moms for Liberty helped candidates campaign around parental control, books, curriculum, and LGBTQ policies.
112. | Hannah Natanson | The Washington Post | 2023
Follows a Florida school librarian confronting book challenges, state restrictions, and pressure from activists associated with Moms for Liberty.
113. | Laura Barrón-López and Matt Loffman | PBS NewsHour | June 30, 2023
Examines Moms for Liberty's growth from pandemic-era activism into a national organization involved in school-board politics, curriculum disputes, gender issues, and book bans.
114. | Education Week Staff | Education Week | June 2023
Reviews Moms for Liberty's national summit and the organization's positions on parental rights, “woke ideology,” books, curriculum, school choice, and education politics.
115. | Ali Swenson | Associated Press / PBS NewsHour | June 12, 2023
Profiles Moms for Liberty's increasing political influence and its campaigns involving race, gender, parental rights, school boards, and library materials.
116. | Kathryn Joyce | Vanity Fair | May 2023
Detailed reporting on Sarasota County, Moms for Liberty, school boards, LGBTQ issues, curriculum restrictions, book challenges, and broader conservative education strategy.
117. | PBS NewsHour | PBS | April 2023
Reviews the most challenged books of 2022 and reports the increasing role of organized conservative campaigns.
118. | Gregory S. Schneider | The Washington Post | March 2, 2023
Examines librarians' response to organized censorship efforts and reports on Moms for Liberty's role in mass book challenges.
119. | Eesha Pendharkar | Education Week | February 17, 2022
Examines parents organizing against book bans, including challenges to LGBTQ and race-related books promoted by conservative parent organizations.
Florida Case Studies
120. | Moms for Liberty — Hernando County | Moms for Liberty | Current
Primary-source archive of the chapter's challenges, correspondence, legal arguments, book excerpts, and criticism of the term “book ban.”
121. | ACLU of Florida | ACLU | 2024–2026
Tray v. Florida State Board of Education. Lawsuit challenging Florida HB 1069's procedures for reviewing and restricting school books.
122. | Marshall University Libraries | Marshall University | Updated August 3, 2026
Tracks challenges to Ellen Hopkins's Identical, including controversies in Florida, Pennsylvania, Alaska, and other states involving Moms for Liberty activists.
123. | Moms for Liberty | Moms for Liberty | April 3, 2025
Reports Duval County's removal of Ellen Hopkins's Identical after a review committee had recommended retaining it.
124. | Douglas Soule and Colleen Wixon | Treasure Coast Newspapers / Yahoo News | June 13, 2024
Reports Indian River County's removal of Alan Gratz's Ban This Book following a challenge from the local Moms for Liberty chapter president.
125. | Julie B. Maglio | Hernando Sun | April 27, 2024
Reports more than 100 challenges submitted in Hernando County and explains the Florida statutes used to justify objections.
126. | Danielle Prieur | WUSF / WMFE | February 13, 2024
Reports a public Orlando debate between supporters and opponents of school-book restrictions, including Moms for Liberty leadership.
127. | CBS Miami | CBS News | October 2023
Examines Broward and Miami-Dade book challenges and arguments by Moms for Liberty members that challenged books are being curated rather than banned.
128. | PolitiFact / WUSF | June 1, 2023
Public-radio version of the fact-check examining Florida book removals and disagreements over terminology.
Pennsylvania and Mid-Atlantic Case Studies
129. | CBS Baltimore | CBS News | 2025
Reports the Maryland State Board of Education's reversal of Harford County's removal of Flamer.
130. | CBS Baltimore | CBS News | October 2025
Reports debate surrounding Harford County's removal of Mike Curato's Flamer and arguments made by Moms for Liberty supporters and opponents.
131. | Moms for Liberty / CBS Baltimore | Moms for Liberty | October 8, 2025
Primary-source republication presenting Moms for Liberty's argument that removing sexually explicit materials from school libraries constitutes curation rather than censorship.
132. | CBS Baltimore | CBS News | 2024
Examines Maryland's Freedom to Read Act and continuing disputes over Carroll County school-library policies.
133. | New York State Education Department | NYSED | April 25, 2024
Appeal of Moms for Liberty of Wayne County. Official decision concerning attempts to remove five books from the Clyde-Savannah school library.
134. | Alexus Davila | CBS Baltimore | November 8, 2023
Reports nearly 60 challenged books in Carroll County, Maryland, many challenged by parents associated with Moms for Liberty.
135. | Sarah Mueller | Lehigh Valley Public Media | October 25, 2023
Reports debate over removing Sapphire's Push and competing interpretations of book banning and parental rights.
136. | Sarah Mueller | Lehigh Valley Public Media | October 18, 2023
Examines costs imposed on Nazareth Area School District by numerous book-review requests connected with Moms for Liberty activists.
137. | Nick Vachon | Pennsylvania Independent | July 17, 2023
Reports a banned-book giveaway organized alongside Moms for Liberty's Philadelphia national summit.
138. | Emily Rizzo | WHYY | February 15, 2023
Reports Central Bucks School District's review of 65 books, many identified through a rating website used by Moms for Liberty.
South Carolina and Southern States
139. | PEN America | PEN America | Current
Litigation portal covering Rutherford County, Escambia County, Iowa library restrictions, Montgomery County LGBTQ curriculum litigation, and other educational-censorship cases.
140. | ACLU of South Carolina | ACLU | 2025–2026
SCASL v. Weaver. Federal lawsuit challenging South Carolina Regulation 43-170, which resulted in statewide removals or restrictions.
141. | ACLU of South Carolina | ACLU | October 7, 2025
Announces litigation brought by librarians and students against South Carolina's statewide school-material regulation.
142. | PEN America and ACLU of Tennessee | PEN America | April 16, 2025
Announces federal litigation challenging removal or restriction of more than 145 books in Rutherford County schools.
143. | Steve Nuzum | South Carolina Education Association | April 10, 2025
Examines statewide South Carolina book-removal procedures and disputes over whether statewide removals should be described as bans.
144. | Tennessee Firefly | Tennessee Firefly | 2024
Examines Rutherford County's revised library policy implementing Tennessee restrictions on sexual themes, violence, and nudity.
145. | Issac Bailey | The State | May 8, 2024
Commentary on the Horry County School Board's decision to remove The Freedom Writers Diary following a Moms for Liberty challenge.
146. | Scott Pelley | CBS News / 60 Minutes | March 3, 2024
Examines Beaufort County, South Carolina's review of 97 challenged books and the use of BookLooks ratings.
147. | Scott Pelley | CBS News / 60 Minutes | March 3, 2024
Full transcript documenting arguments from Moms for Liberty leaders, librarians, school officials, and community members.
Virginia, Minnesota, Colorado, Alaska, and Other States
148. | Marshall University Libraries | Marshall University | 2026
Tracks challenges to Me and Earl and the Dying Girl, including Hanover County's removal of multiple books and subsequent Moms for Liberty challenges.
149. | ACLU of Colorado | ACLU | 2024–2026
Crookshanks v. Elizabeth School District. Federal case alleging that a Colorado school board removed books because they conflicted with the board's stated conservative values.
150. | American Civil Liberties Union | ACLU | 2025–2026
Case archive for litigation involving book removals and curriculum changes in Department of Defense Education Activity schools.
151. | Greensboro Thread | Greensboro Thread | 2025
Examines controversy over an elementary-school book featuring diverse families and allegations that Moms for Liberty activism influenced its temporary removal.
152. | ACLU of Virginia | ACLU | April 15, 2025
Reports litigation over removal of books involving race, gender, immigration, sexuality, and health from Department of Defense schools.
153. | Riley Moser | CBS Minnesota | March 25, 2025
Reports lawsuits challenging St. Francis Area School District's use of BookLooks ratings to determine which school-library books should be removed.
154. | Moms for Liberty / American Center for Law & Justice | Moms for Liberty | August 27, 2024
Describes litigation seeking removal of five books from a New York junior-senior high school library.
155. | Moms for Liberty | Moms for Liberty | August 27, 2024
Primary-source description of an injunction request seeking temporary and permanent removal of challenged books from Clyde-Savannah schools.
156. | Moms for Liberty — Wilson County | Moms for Liberty | January 30, 2024
Primary-source newsletter discussing challenges to Milk and Honey and Out of Darkness alongside broader religious and parental-rights organizing.
157. | VPM News | Virginia Public Media | August 10, 2023
Examines Hanover County, Virginia's adoption of book-review sources associated with conservative parental-rights organizations.
State and Local Case Studies
158. | St. Tammany Parish Library | St. Tammany Parish Library | Current
Primary-source database documenting challenged books, statements of concern, review results, and access rules in one of Louisiana's major censorship controversies.
159. | Atlanta Journal-Constitution Staff | Atlanta Journal-Constitution | September 2026
Catalogs books removed from Cobb County, Georgia, school libraries and provides a useful local case study of repeated administrative removals.
160. | Ross Williams | Georgia Public Broadcasting / Georgia Recorder | September 21, 2026
Reports Cobb County's removal of Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye over sexually explicit content and the resulting debate over literary value and censorship.
161. | Colleen DeGuzman | The Texas Tribune | September 4, 2026
Reports continuing Texas disputes over library books alongside efforts to expand Bible instruction and Christian-oriented material in public education.
162. | ACLU of Tennessee | ACLU | 2025
Describes litigation challenging Rutherford County school-book removals, including reliance by officials on a rating system associated with Moms for Liberty activists.
163. | Ella Creamer | The Guardian | April 8, 2025
Reports ALA findings that organized groups, elected officials, administrators, and boards rather than individual parents were responsible for most reported censorship activity, with LGBTQ content, race, and alleged obscenity among the most common grounds for challenges.
164. | Martha Harris | KUER | December 6, 2024
Investigates how challenges originating in a small number of Utah districts can produce statewide book removals.
165. | ACLU of South Carolina | ACLU | October 30, 2024
Describes South Carolina's first statewide book-review proceedings and use of BookLooks ratings favored by Moms for Liberty activists.
166. | Aaron Welcher | ACLU of Utah | September 25, 2024
Reviews Utah legislation governing sensitive materials and statewide organizing over school-book restrictions.
167. | Guardian Staff | The Guardian | August 9, 2024
Reports Utah's statewide removal of 13 books under legislation governing materials classified as pornographic or indecent.
168. | Jesse Fox Mayshark | Compass | July 1, 2024
Examines Tennessee legislation and Moms for Liberty's campaign to remove dozens of titles from Knox County school libraries.
169. | Olivia Empson | The Guardian | June 30, 2024
Reports South Carolina's statewide regulation governing age-appropriate school reading material and discusses the state education leadership's relationship with Moms for Liberty.
170. | Praveena Somasundaram | The Washington Post | June 13, 2024
Detailed account of the Indian River County decision to remove Ban This Book and the role of Moms for Liberty in hundreds of local challenges.
171. | Erum Salam | The Guardian | June 11, 2024
Reports Indian River County's removal of Alan Gratz's Ban This Book after a challenge by a local Moms for Liberty leader.
172. | Nancy Guan | WUSF | May 8, 2024
Reports the Hernando County School Board's removal of numerous books following challenges filed by a Moms for Liberty member.
173. | Tonya Lowentritt | Southeastern Louisiana University | March 20, 2024
Announcement and background for a Louisiana panel featuring librarians and activists involved in St. Tammany, Lafayette, and Livingston Parish censorship disputes.
174. | Jeremy Schwartz | The Texas Tribune / ProPublica | October 11, 2023
Investigates coordinated book-removal campaigns across Texas and the interaction between state legislation and local school-library decisions.
175. | Jordan Blumetti | The Guardian | August 19, 2023
Detailed report on Clay County, Florida, where activists affiliated with Moms for Liberty and No Left Turn in Education submitted hundreds of book challenges.
176. | PolitiFact Staff | PolitiFact | May 31, 2023
Fact-check examines competing definitions of “book ban” in Florida and contrasts the terminology used by ALA and PEN America with Moms for Liberty's preference for describing removals as library curation.
177. | Tonyaa Weathersbee | Chalkbeat Tennessee | May 16, 2023
Civil-rights pioneer Ruby Bridges discusses challenges to books about school integration and efforts to restrict teaching about racism.
178. | Martin Pengelly | The Guardian | May 6, 2023
Examines historical parallels between current parental-rights organizations and earlier conservative movements including the John Birch Society.
179. | Piper Hutchinson | Louisiana Illuminator | January 17, 2023
Statewide examination of Louisiana library challenges, most involving children's or young-adult books with LGBTQ themes.
180. | Brooke Park | The Texas Tribune | May 17, 2022
Examines harassment and professional pressure experienced by Texas librarians amid controversies over books dealing with sexuality, gender, and race.
181. | Brooke Park | The Texas Tribune | April 25, 2022
Reports a federal lawsuit alleging that Llano County officials removed public-library books because of disagreement with their ideas.
182. | Andrew Jeong | The Washington Post | January 27, 2022
Reports McMinn County, Tennessee's removal of Art Spiegelman's Holocaust graphic novel Maus from the eighth-grade curriculum over profanity and nudity.
Legal and Constitutional Context
183. | American Civil Liberties Union | ACLU | Current
Background on First Amendment principles governing the right to receive information and their application to censorship disputes.
184. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Overview of intellectual-freedom principles, challenges, bans, and library procedures for handling objections.
185. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Library Bill of Rights. Foundational statement on access to information and opposition to removing materials because of partisan or doctrinal objections.
186. | American Library Association and Association of American Publishers | ALA | Current
Freedom to Read Statement. Historical statement articulating principles used by librarians and publishers in contemporary book-ban disputes.
187. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Challenged Resources: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights. Guidance distinguishing professional reconsideration procedures from viewpoint-based censorship.
188. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Access to Library Resources and Services for Minors. Addresses parental authority, minors' access to information, and institutional responsibility.
189. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Diverse Collections. Provides intellectual-freedom principles relevant to disputes over LGBTQ, racial, political, and religious materials.
190. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Labeling Systems. Discusses rating systems that restrict access, an issue relevant to BookLooks and similar systems used in contemporary challenges.
191. | American Library Association | ALA | Current
Restricted Access to Library Materials. Examines restrictions based on age or content and the intellectual-freedom implications of limiting circulation.
192. | PEN America | PEN America | Updated October 9, 2024
PEN America v. Escambia County School District. Federal litigation alleging unconstitutional removal of books concerning race, LGBTQ identities, and sexuality.
