ER Southwest / Indigenous West
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Fossil Fuel Racism in the United States: How Phasing Out Coal, Oil, and Gas Can Protect Communities
| Author not listed here | Energy Research & Social Science | 2023
This scholarly article argues that fossil-fuel systems externalize pollution and health costs onto Black, Brown, Indigenous, and poor communities, making fossil-fuel pollution a specific form of environmental racism.
How Black North Carolinians Pay the Price for the World's Cheap Bacon
| Jamie Berger | Vox | April 1, 2022
This article explains how industrial hog farms in eastern North Carolina disproportionately affect Black, Latinx, and Indigenous residents. It links hog waste lagoons, odors, respiratory harms, and weak regulation to a broader history of racial discrimination and land-use inequality.
| Cheyanne M. Daniels | Inside Climate News | June 27, 2021
This article examines the legacy of uranium mining on the Navajo Nation, where mining for the U.S. nuclear weapons program left radioactive contamination, illness, and abandoned waste. It is useful for connecting environmental racism to Indigenous communities and extractive industry.
Nuclear Buildup Sickened His Community. Then It Caught Up With Him.
| Yvette Cabrera | Center for Public Integrity | November 30, 2022
This investigation follows Navajo activist Earl Tulley and the continuing harms from uranium mining on and near the Navajo Nation. It documents how Cold War-era extraction left lasting radioactive contamination and health fears in Indigenous communities.
| Laurel Morales | KJZZ / Fronteras Desk | November 20, 2017
This article reports on Navajo communities living with abandoned uranium mine contamination decades after mining companies left. It explicitly frames the contamination as environmental racism affecting Indigenous people whose land and health were sacrificed for uranium extraction.
The Health Impacts of Uranium Mining in Indigenous Communities
| Talia Keyanna | Native American Budget and Policy Institute / University of New Mexico | 2023
This policy brief summarizes health risks and cleanup issues associated with uranium mining in Indigenous communities, especially the Navajo Nation. It is useful for documenting how abandoned mines, contaminated water, and radioactive waste remain long-term environmental justice problems.
Critical Environmental Injustice: A Case Study Approach to Environmental Inequality
| Clare E. B. Cannon et al. | Environmental Justice | 2024
This peer-reviewed article uses case studies to examine environmental injustice, including how rural, Indigenous, Black, and low-income communities experience concentrated pollution burdens. It is useful as a broader academic source tying specific local cases to systemic environmental racism.
Environmental Impacts and Policy Failures in Black Mesa
| Arizona Journal of Environmental Law & Policy | AJELP | April 22, 2024
This article discusses coal mining, water depletion, and environmental policy failures affecting Navajo and Hopi communities in Black Mesa. It is useful for documenting environmental racism and resource extraction on Indigenous lands.
The Black Mesa Controversy
| Cultural Survival | Cultural Survival Quarterly | May 7, 2010
This article examines the Black Mesa coal mine controversy and the long fight over mining practices on Navajo and Hopi lands. It is useful for documenting Indigenous environmental justice struggles involving coal extraction and water resources.
Black Mesa Mine Mess
| High Country News | High Country News | April 12, 2010
This article reports on the Black Mesa coal mine complex and environmental justice concerns involving Navajo and Hopi lands. It is useful for documenting conflict over mining permits, water pollution, and Indigenous community impacts.
| Global Nonviolent Action Database | Swarthmore College | No date listed
This case profile documents Navajo and Hopi resistance to relocation and coal mining on Black Mesa. It is useful for tracing Indigenous environmental justice organizing against extractive industry and land displacement.
Restoring Natural and Cultural Resources on Black Mesa
| Sam Gilbert | Waging Nonviolence | December 27, 2013
This article reports on Indigenous resistance and restoration work on Black Mesa. It is useful for documenting how Navajo and Hopi communities challenged coal extraction, water depletion, and damage to cultural resources.
