One Health
- NOTOC**
One Health
One Health is an integrated approach to health that recognizes the close relationships among humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, microorganisms, and the ecosystems they share. Rather than treating human medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection as separate fields, One Health seeks coordinated solutions to problems that cross traditional disciplinary and institutional boundaries.
The concept has become increasingly important as globalization, climate change, land-use change, biodiversity loss, intensive agriculture, wildlife interactions, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental contamination create new pathways through which health risks can move among people, animals, food systems, and ecosystems. International organizations, national governments, researchers, veterinarians, public-health agencies, environmental scientists, and local communities have increasingly adopted One Health as a framework for prevention, surveillance, preparedness, and sustainable development.
Human, Animal, and Environmental Health
At the center of One Health is the recognition that the health of people cannot be separated from the health of animals and the environments in which both live. Infectious organisms, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, pollutants, vectors, and other hazards may move through interconnected ecological and social systems.
Domestic livestock can influence food security, household income, nutrition, and infectious-disease exposure. Wildlife can act as reservoirs or sentinels for pathogens. Soil, water, wastewater, plants, insects, microorganisms, and environmental conditions can influence both disease transmission and broader ecosystem health.
One Health therefore expands traditional public-health thinking beyond human clinical disease. It examines the systems that produce health risks and seeks interventions capable of improving outcomes across several sectors at once.
Zoonotic Diseases and Pandemic Preparedness
Zoonotic diseases are among the most prominent applications of One Health. Diseases involving pathogens that move between animals and humans often require cooperation among physicians, veterinarians, wildlife specialists, laboratories, environmental scientists, agricultural agencies, and local communities.
Research and field programs have applied One Health approaches to diseases including rabies, Ebola, mpox, leptospirosis, anthrax, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, avian influenza, toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, and other emerging infections.
Integrated surveillance can provide information from people, livestock, wildlife, vectors, and environmental samples. Such systems may allow unusual disease activity to be recognized earlier and can help authorities understand where pathogens are circulating before a large human outbreak develops.
The international spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza, emerging vector-borne diseases, and other zoonotic threats has strengthened arguments for investing in prevention and preparedness before health emergencies become widespread.
Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the clearest examples of a problem requiring a One Health approach. Antibiotics and resistant microorganisms circulate through hospitals, households, farms, livestock operations, food systems, wastewater, rivers, soil, wildlife, and other environmental pathways.
Research has identified antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in people, animals, poultry, dairy systems, wastewater, marine environments, agricultural settings, and arthropod vectors. These findings demonstrate why antimicrobial resistance cannot be addressed exclusively through prescribing practices in human medicine.
One Health strategies include improved antibiotic stewardship, veterinary oversight, surveillance across multiple sectors, better farm biosecurity, wastewater monitoring, environmental controls, vaccines, improved husbandry, and investigation of alternatives to routine antibiotic use.
Genomic and metagenomic technologies are also expanding the ability of researchers to compare resistant organisms across human, animal, food, and environmental samples and identify possible transmission pathways.
Surveillance, Diagnostics, and Technology
Effective One Health systems depend heavily on the ability to combine information that has historically been collected by separate institutions.
Integrated surveillance may bring together data from hospitals, veterinary laboratories, farms, wildlife programs, food-safety agencies, wastewater systems, environmental monitoring networks, and public-health authorities.
Technological developments are strengthening this capacity. Whole-genome sequencing, metagenomics, portable nanopore sequencing, molecular diagnostics, environmental sampling, and other tools can help identify pathogens and resistance genes across multiple biological and environmental compartments.
One Health surveillance also increasingly incorporates ecological information. Changes in wildlife populations, vectors, climate, land use, livestock movement, or environmental contamination can provide important context for interpreting infectious-disease risks.
Food Systems, Agriculture, and Plant Health
Agriculture is a major One Health intersection because food production connects animals, plants, microorganisms, soils, water, ecosystems, workers, consumers, and international trade.
Livestock health affects food security, rural livelihoods, nutrition, antimicrobial use, and zoonotic-disease exposure. Food-safety risks can emerge during animal production, processing, distribution, preparation, or through environmental contamination.
Plant health is also increasingly recognized as an important component of One Health. Healthy crops and wild plants support nutrition, biodiversity, ecosystem stability, livelihoods, and food security.
Microbial communities provide another important connection. Microorganisms move among soil, water, plants, animals, food, and humans and can influence nutrient cycling, ecosystem function, disease, and antimicrobial resistance.
Aquatic biosecurity similarly connects fish and shellfish health with food production, livelihoods, environmental quality, antimicrobial use, and human health.
Climate Change, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Health
Environmental conditions play a central role in One Health. Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors, wildlife, pathogens, and ecological communities while changing patterns of temperature, rainfall, flooding, drought, and human exposure.
Changing climatic conditions may contribute to the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases and can interact with antimicrobial resistance by influencing water quality, bacterial ecology, environmental contamination, and patterns of antimicrobial use.
Biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, pollution, invasive species, and land-use change can also influence health. One Health research increasingly examines whether ecosystem conservation and restoration can support disease prevention, environmental quality, and long-term resilience.
This environmental dimension distinguishes One Health from approaches that focus exclusively on treating human disease after it appears. Protecting ecological systems can itself become part of preventive health policy.
Governance and International Cooperation
One Health requires cooperation among institutions that traditionally operate independently. Health ministries, agricultural agencies, veterinary authorities, environmental departments, food-safety regulators, wildlife agencies, research institutions, and local governments may all hold pieces of the information needed to address a single health threat.
The World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Environment Programme, and World Organisation for Animal Health have developed a coordinated international framework through the Quadripartite partnership and the One Health Joint Plan of Action.
Countries are also developing national One Health plans, coordinating committees, surveillance systems, laboratory networks, and legal frameworks. Examples from Africa, Asia, Europe, the Americas, and other regions illustrate both the opportunities and difficulties involved in translating international principles into routine national and local practice.
Research consistently identifies institutional silos, inadequate financing, unclear responsibilities, insufficient workforce capacity, weak information sharing, and unequal participation as barriers to implementation.
Communities, Equity, and Local Knowledge
One Health is increasingly understood as more than a technical collaboration among scientists and government agencies. Community participation can determine whether surveillance, vaccination, disease reporting, livestock programs, and environmental interventions succeed in practice.
Studies involving pastoral communities, smallholder farmers, pet owners, wildlife hunters, livestock producers, and other groups show that health risks are shaped by livelihoods, culture, gender, economics, mobility, access to services, and local knowledge.
Researchers have therefore called for stronger integration of Indigenous and local knowledge systems into One Health. Rather than applying identical solutions everywhere, interventions can be adapted to local ecological, cultural, and social conditions.
Gender equity and broader social equity are also emerging as important considerations because people may experience different exposures, responsibilities, access to resources, or decision-making authority within food, livestock, household, and environmental systems.
Economics and Investment
One Health increasingly includes an economic argument for prevention. Disease outbreaks, livestock losses, antimicrobial resistance, food-system disruptions, and health emergencies can impose large costs on governments, communities, businesses, and households.
Economic analysis can compare these losses with the cost of surveillance, vaccination, laboratories, environmental protection, preparedness, and other preventive investments.
International organizations have emphasized the potential value of investing before crises occur rather than relying primarily on emergency responses after disease has already spread.
Evaluating One Health interventions therefore involves more than measuring human disease outcomes. Economic, environmental, animal-health, social, and food-security benefits may all contribute to the value of an intervention.
Education and Workforce Development
Implementing One Health requires professionals capable of working across disciplinary boundaries. Physicians, veterinarians, epidemiologists, ecologists, microbiologists, agricultural specialists, social scientists, laboratory scientists, policy experts, and environmental professionals may need to share data and make decisions together.
Research on the One Health workforce emphasizes systems thinking, interdisciplinary communication, collaboration, surveillance, outbreak investigation, leadership, and the ability to understand complex relationships among biological, environmental, and social systems.
Education and professional training are therefore important components of One Health implementation. Universities, international organizations, public-health agencies, and professional networks are increasingly developing curricula, field epidemiology programs, workshops, and collaborative training initiatives.
Challenges to Implementation
Despite widespread support for One Health, moving from principle to practice remains difficult.
Government agencies often have different mandates, budgets, databases, professional cultures, and chains of authority. Funding may be provided temporarily during disease emergencies but decline once immediate threats disappear. Environmental and plant-health sectors may receive less attention than human and veterinary health agencies.
Researchers also face methodological challenges when attempting to demonstrate the benefits of integrated interventions. A program may improve animal health, environmental conditions, household income, food security, and human health simultaneously, making its full impact difficult to capture using conventional evaluation methods.
One Health therefore increasingly emphasizes clearer definitions, measurable outcomes, sustainable financing, governance structures, shared surveillance, community involvement, and accountability.
Conclusion
One Health represents a shift from treating health problems as isolated events toward understanding them as outcomes of interconnected human, animal, agricultural, microbial, and ecological systems.
Its applications now extend well beyond zoonotic disease to antimicrobial resistance, food safety, climate change, biodiversity, environmental contamination, agriculture, vector-borne disease, health equity, pandemic preparedness, and sustainable development.
The growing body of One Health research shows both the potential and the difficulty of this approach. Scientific cooperation alone is not enough. Effective implementation requires durable institutions, financing, integrated surveillance, appropriate laws and policies, capable workforces, community participation, and recognition of environmental health as a core objective rather than a secondary concern.
As environmental and health challenges become increasingly interconnected, One Health provides a framework for shifting resources toward prevention, identifying risks earlier, coordinating institutions, and pursuing health strategies that recognize the dependence of human wellbeing on animals, food systems, biodiversity, and functioning ecosystems.
- TOC**
Foundations, Definitions, History & Research Landscape
One Health: Past, Present, and Future
| Authors | ScienceDirect | 2026-07-29
This review traces the development of One Health, evaluates its contemporary applications, and discusses future opportunities for integrating health disciplines, environmental sciences, policy, and technology.
A scoping review of One Health interventions 2005–2025
| Togami et al. | One Health Outlook | 2026-07-17
The authors review two decades of One Health interventions to assess where integrated approaches have been applied, what outcomes have been measured, and where important evidence gaps remain.
One Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2026-05-08
One Health is an integrated approach recognizing that the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and ecosystems is closely interconnected, particularly in addressing zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and environmental threats.
One Health
| European Food Safety Authority | EFSA | 2026-04-20
EFSA presents One Health as essential for understanding foodborne disease, zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, animal health, plant health, and environmental factors affecting the European food system.
Adopting a true One Health approach
| United Nations Environment Programme | UNEP | 2026-04-06
UNEP argues that environmental health must be treated as a core component of One Health rather than merely a background factor in human and animal disease.
One Health Focus
| Nature Portfolio | Nature | 2026-01-27
This collection showcases research and commentary on integrated approaches to health threats spanning medicine, veterinary science, ecology, microbiology, and environmental science.
Ethical Challenges in Scientific Studies Within One Health
| Henrik Lerner | Current Environmental Health Reports | 2026-01-26
This article examines ethical issues created when One Health research must balance potentially competing interests involving humans, animals, ecosystems, scientific goals, and public welfare.
One Health – 2026 Collection
| Nature Portfolio | Nature | 2026
This research collection brings together contemporary studies showing how infectious diseases and other health challenges emerge through interactions among humans, animals, microorganisms, and environments.
About One Health
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2025-06-27
CDC explains how human populations, animals, and shared environments are increasingly interconnected and why collaboration is necessary to prevent and control emerging health threats.
Navigating the complexities of One Health
| Chadi M. Saad-Roy and Wayne M. Getz | BioScience | 2025-04-22
The authors propose an integrative monitoring and risk-assessment framework for zoonotic spillover incorporating humans, domestic animals, wildlife, indicator species, and quantitative tools.
One Health History
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2025-04-14
CDC traces the intellectual history of One Health from early recognition of similarities between human and animal medicine through modern multidisciplinary health approaches.
Scientific highlights of the 8th World One Health Congress, Cape Town, South Africa 2024
| Lucie Reperant et al. | One Health Outlook | 2025-03-12
The article summarizes scientific themes from the World One Health Congress, including zoonotic spillover, surveillance, AMR, climate change, biodiversity, governance, and implementation.
Global Health’s Evolution and Search for Identity
| Kevin M. De Cock | Emerging Infectious Diseases | 2024-12-18
This perspective argues for a broad global-public-health model that incorporates One Health, environmental health, climate change, food safety, WASH, resilient health systems, and infectious-disease control.
One Health Publications
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2024-11-01
CDC maintains a collection of research and technical publications illustrating applications of One Health to zoonotic disease, surveillance, preparedness, and public-health practice.
One health: a structured review and commentary on trends and themes
| Brown et al. | One Health Outlook | 2024-08-14
This structured review maps major themes in the One Health literature and identifies trends, gaps, disciplinary patterns, and continuing challenges in translating the concept into practice.
Reflective practice is a prerequisite for One Health development
| Craig Stephen and John Berezowski | One Health Outlook | 2024-07-02
The authors argue that One Health must continuously evaluate its assumptions and methods as societies face interacting crises involving climate change, pandemics, biodiversity loss, pollution, food insecurity, and inequality.
One Health Collection
| Nature Portfolio | Nature | 2024-03-27
Nature's One Health collection highlights multidisciplinary studies addressing disease ecology, zoonotic spillover, antimicrobial resistance, environmental change, and interconnected health systems.
Editorial: The One Health approach in the context of public health
| Sandul Yasobant et al. | Frontiers in Public Health | 2024-03-25
This editorial highlights applications of One Health to antimicrobial resistance, environmental contamination, WASH, zoonotic transmission, food systems, climate change, and sustainable development.
A health promotion perspective on One Health
| Evelyne de Leeuw, Ilona Kickbusch and Simon Rüegg | Canadian Journal of Public Health | 2024-03-13
The authors connect One Health with health-promotion principles and argue for approaches that address social, political, ecological, and institutional determinants alongside disease-specific interventions.
The One Health Concept
| Sarah J. Pitt and Alan Gunn | British Journal of Biomedical Science | 2024-02-15
This article reviews the origins and development of One Health and explains how interactions among humans, animals, microorganisms, and environments affect infectious disease and public health.
One Health: a holistic approach to tackling global health issues
| Authors | Indian Journal of Community Medicine | 2024
This overview presents One Health as a framework for tackling emerging infections, antimicrobial resistance, ecosystem degradation, surveillance gaps, and other health challenges through multidisciplinary cooperation.
Promoting the science of One Health
| Nature Communications Editors | Nature Communications | 2023-08-07
This editorial argues that scientific research should more fully integrate human, animal, and environmental health rather than treating them as independent fields.
One Health: a new definition for a sustainable and healthy future
| One Health High-Level Expert Panel | PLOS Pathogens | 2022
The Expert Panel presents an expanded One Health definition emphasizing sustainable balance among humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, ecosystems, and the wider environment.
Tripartite and UNEP support OHHLEP's definition of One Health
| WHO, FAO, OIE and UNEP | WHO | 2021-12-01
International health and environmental organizations endorsed a definition of One Health emphasizing the sustainable balancing and optimization of the health of people, animals, plants, and ecosystems.
One Health Questions and Answers
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2017-09-21
WHO explains the basic principles of One Health, why cooperation between health disciplines is necessary, and how environmental and animal health conditions can influence human disease.
One Health – WHO Europe
| World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe | WHO Europe | n.d.
This overview explains how WHO Europe applies One Health to interconnected challenges involving infectious disease, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, environmental change, and ecosystem health.
One Health – FAO
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | n.d.
FAO describes its One Health work linking animal health, food production, plant health, environmental sustainability, antimicrobial resistance, and human well-being throughout agrifood systems.
One Health
| World Organisation for Animal Health | WOAH | n.d.
WOAH explains how animal health is inseparable from human and ecosystem health and describes international cooperation on zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, food security, and emerging diseases.
Governance, Policy, Law, Institutions & Implementation
Quadripartite collaboration extends the One Health Joint Plan of Action to 2029
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2026-08-14
WHO, FAO, UNEP, and WOAH extended their international One Health Joint Plan of Action through 2029 to strengthen coordinated implementation across human, animal, plant, and environmental health sectors.
Joint Declaration reinforces commitment to One Health approach in the Americas
| Pan American Health Organization | PAHO | 2026-07-06
Countries and regional organizations in the Americas reaffirmed cooperation on One Health to address zoonotic diseases, food safety, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental threats.
Operationalizing One Health in Saudi Arabia: a mixed-methods framework for national implementation
| Hessah Ibrahim Al Suwaidan et al. | Frontiers in Public Health | 2026-06-19
This study identifies institutional, policy, workforce, coordination, and surveillance requirements for translating One Health principles into a functioning national program in Saudi Arabia.
Strengthening One Health implementation in Tanzania
| Authors | Discover Public Health | 2026-06-18
The study analyzes practical opportunities for strengthening Tanzania's One Health system, including coordination, institutional capacity, financing, workforce development, and implementation.
The First Global Forum of WHO Collaborating Centres on One Health
| Authors | PubMed Central | 2026-05-10
The global forum brought together collaborating centres to strengthen research networks, technical expertise, training, and coordinated implementation of One Health priorities.
WHO Director-General's closing remarks at the One Health Summit
| Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus | WHO | 2026-04-07
The WHO Director-General argues that One Health must move from a broadly accepted concept toward sustained implementation through stronger governance, financing, science, and international cooperation.
Key aspects of One Health governance in the European Union
| Authors | PubMed Central | 2026-01-12
This analysis examines European Union governance mechanisms for coordinating institutions responsible for human health, animal health, food safety, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental protection.
Malawi advances development of a national action plan aligned with the One Health Joint Plan of Action
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Malawi is developing a national framework to coordinate ministries and sectors responsible for managing interconnected human, animal, agricultural, and environmental health risks.
WOAH and partners advance One Health from vision to action at the 2026 One Health Summit
| World Organisation for Animal Health | WOAH | 2026
The 2026 One Health Summit focused on converting international commitments into practical programs supported by governance, financing, surveillance, science, and multisector cooperation.
Why One Health struggles: A critical analysis
This critical analysis explores why One Health frequently struggles to progress from broad conceptual support to sustained implementation, including institutional silos, unequal power, weak financing, and governance barriers.
One Health rapid qualitative assessment: Exploring local governance gaps in Tanzania
Field research in Tanzania examines local-level governance problems that can obstruct coordination between human-health, veterinary, wildlife, agricultural, and environmental institutions.
Integrating One Health Into Health Systems
| Authors | PubMed Central | 2026
The article considers how One Health can be incorporated into routine health systems rather than remaining a separate emergency or research initiative, emphasizing governance, workforce, financing, surveillance, and service delivery.
One health laws, policies and governance in Uganda: What's on paper and what's really happening
The study compares Uganda's formal One Health policies with implementation on the ground and identifies gaps between institutional commitments and practical coordination, resources, authority, and local capacity.
One Health operationalization in Africa: key drivers, challenges, and opportunities
| Authors | Discover Public Health | 2025-10-26
This review identifies institutional, financial, political, scientific, and workforce factors that can either support or impede implementation of One Health across African countries.
The São Paulo declaration on One Health: Brazil’s path forward to face intersectoral health challenges
| Soeiro-Barbosa et al. | One Health Outlook | 2025-07-01
The São Paulo Declaration presents priorities for strengthening Brazil's One Health networks and improving intersectoral coordination around tropical diseases and other interconnected health challenges.
Legal elements to operationalise One Health: from principles to practice
| Bullón Caro | Research Directions: One Health | 2025-04-11
The article investigates how legislation, institutional responsibilities, legal principles, and regulatory mechanisms can help convert broad One Health commitments into practical action.
Guyana launches One Health project to boost health resilience
| World Bank | World Bank | 2025-03-26
Guyana's One Health project aims to strengthen surveillance, laboratories, workforce capacity, and coordination across sectors to improve preparedness for health emergencies.
One Health implementation: A systematic scoping review using the Quadripartite One Health Joint Plan of Action
| Milazzo et al. | PubMed | 2025-03-02
This systematic review evaluates One Health implementation against the Quadripartite framework and identifies areas where research and programs have advanced as well as major implementation gaps.
U.S. Government releases first national One Health Plan
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2025-01-10
The first U.S. national One Health plan establishes a framework for federal coordination around zoonotic diseases and other risks affecting people, animals, plants, and ecosystems.
Integrating One Health governance in China
The article examines opportunities for strengthening One Health governance in China by improving institutional integration, multisector coordination, surveillance, policy structures, and preparedness.
How can governance mechanisms, policies and legislation effectively support implementation of a One Health approach?
| Bullón Caro and Coli | Research Directions: One Health | 2024-11-04
This contribution examines the governance structures, legislation, and policies needed to coordinate One Health action across global, regional, national, and local institutions.
One Health Day
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2024-11-03
One Health Day promotes international awareness of the need for collaborative approaches to problems involving human medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, wildlife, and ecosystems.
Constructing a One Health governance architecture: a systematic review and analysis of governance mechanisms for One Health
| Darlington David Faijue et al. | European Journal of Public Health | 2024-08-30
This systematic review identifies governance structures supporting One Health, including stakeholder engagement, institutional frameworks, adaptive policy, intersectoral collaboration, financing, and accountability.
One Health governance: theory, practice and ethics
| Authors | ScienceDirect | 2024
This article examines how One Health governance must reconcile scientific evidence, institutional responsibilities, ethics, environmental protection, animal welfare, and human-health priorities.
Scaling up One Health: a network analysis in Lao PDR
| Andrew Larkins et al. | One Health | 2023-12-12
Network analysis is used to examine relationships among organizations implementing One Health in Laos and to identify opportunities for strengthening coordination and information exchange.
The One Health High-Level Expert Panel
| Thomas C. Mettenleiter et al. | One Health Outlook | 2023-12-07
Members of the international expert panel describe its mandate, scientific priorities, and role in developing evidence and recommendations for risks arising at the human-animal-environment interface.
A guide to implementing the One Health Joint Plan of Action at national level
| WHO, FAO, UNEP and WOAH | World Health Organization | 2023-12-06
This implementation guide provides countries with practical steps for translating the international One Health Joint Plan of Action into coordinated national policies, programs, governance structures, and investments.
A global analysis of One Health Networks and the proliferation of One Health collaborations
| Athman Mwatondo et al. | The Lancet | 2023-02-18
Researchers identify and analyze 184 One Health networks around the world and reveal geographic, institutional, and disciplinary gaps that may affect the effectiveness of international collaboration.
Facilitating implementation of the One Health approach: A definition of a One Health intervention
| Nzietchueng et al. | One Health | 2023-01-25
The authors develop a clearer definition of what constitutes a One Health intervention, helping distinguish genuinely integrated approaches from projects that simply involve more than one sector.
One Health: Past Successes and Future Challenges in Three African Contexts
| Anna L. Okello et al. | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | 2014
Case studies from Uganda, Nigeria, and Tanzania examine both successful One Health programs and the institutional, financing, coordination, and policy barriers that make multisector implementation difficult.
One Health High-Level Expert Panel
| World Health Organization | WHO | n.d.
The One Health High-Level Expert Panel provides scientific and strategic guidance for understanding and managing health risks emerging at the human-animal-environment interface.
One Health – European Commission
| European Commission | European Commission | n.d.
The European Commission outlines policies applying One Health to antimicrobial resistance, zoonoses, environmental health, food systems, climate change, and cross-agency cooperation.
Cross-agency One Health Task Force
| European Commission | European Commission | n.d.
European agencies collaborate through a One Health task force intended to improve scientific coordination on risks spanning human health, animals, food, plants, and the environment.
CDC One Health Office
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | n.d.
The CDC One Health Office coordinates activities involving zoonotic diseases and other health threats at the intersection of people, animals, and their environments.
Economics, Sustainability & Development
People, animals, plants, ecosystems: making the case for investing in One Health
| World Health Organization | WHO | 2026-08-25
This article examines the economic and societal case for investing in prevention and coordinated One Health systems rather than relying primarily on costly responses after health emergencies occur.
One health–sustainability intersections: an umbrella systematic review with a new integrated definition of sustainability and a meta-conceptual framework
| Osman Ahmed Dar et al. | One Health Outlook | 2025-12-27
This umbrella review examines how One Health and sustainability overlap and develops a framework linking human wellbeing, animal health, ecological integrity, governance, equity, and long-term resilience.
Exploring a One Health approach to sustainability with international One Health and Global Health Security experts – differences, similarities and trade-offs between sectors
| Osman Ahmed Dar et al. | PLOS Global Public Health | 2025-12-02
Interviews with international experts explore how human, animal, and environmental priorities can conflict or reinforce one another when One Health interventions are designed around sustainability objectives.
The Lancet One Health Commission: harnessing our interconnectedness for equitable, sustainable, and healthy socioecological systems
| Andrea S. Winkler et al. | The Lancet | 2025-08-02
The Lancet Commission provides a broad framework for transforming One Health into an approach that integrates human and animal health with ecological sustainability, equity, governance, and socioecological systems.
One Health, sustainable development and the principle of integration: legal synergies for effective implementation
| Bullón Caro | Research Directions: One Health | 2025-04-14
The paper examines legal links between One Health and sustainable development and considers how principles of policy integration could help move One Health from voluntary cooperation toward effective governance.
One Health Economics: why and how economics should take on the interdisciplinary challenges of a promising public health paradigm
| Marc Leandri and Laurent Dalmas | Frontiers in Public Health | 2024-05-30
The authors argue that economic analysis can help quantify the costs and benefits of One Health prevention and identify efficient ways of allocating resources across human, animal, and environmental sectors.
One Health as a catalyst for sustainable development
| Christopher Dye | Nature Microbiology | 2022-02-24
The article argues that One Health can contribute to sustainable development by linking infectious-disease prevention with environmental protection, food systems, and social well-being.
Surveillance, Diagnostics, Genomics & Preparedness
One Health diagnostics at the human–animal–environment interface: a structured narrative review of cross-sector collaboration, capacity building, and technological innovations
| Muhammad Hassnain et al. | Frontiers in Tropical Diseases | 2026-07-27
This review examines diagnostic systems spanning human, veterinary, and environmental health and highlights molecular technologies, shared laboratories, workforce development, and cross-sector collaboration.
One Health innovations in tropical disease surveillance for a resilient future
| Mustapha Abdulsalam et al. | Frontiers in Tropical Diseases | 2026-07-17
The article explores surveillance innovations that integrate animal, human, and environmental information to identify zoonotic pathogens earlier and strengthen preparedness for tropical disease outbreaks.
Accelerating pathogen detection with nanopore sequencing in Kenya: a One Health approach
| Kabugu et al. | Frontiers in Tropical Diseases | 2026-07-02
Researchers examine the use of portable nanopore sequencing to improve pathogen identification in Kenyan livestock and demonstrate how decentralized genomic surveillance could strengthen detection of zoonotic threats.
Empowering One Health with metagenomics
| Harvey et al. | One Health Outlook | 2026-06-29
Metagenomic sequencing could strengthen integrated surveillance by detecting pathogens and antimicrobial-resistance genes across human, animal, food, wastewater, and environmental samples.
Cameroon strengthens pandemic preparedness through a One Health Approach
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Cameroon is strengthening collaboration across animal, human, and environmental health institutions to improve early detection, coordination, and response to potential epidemics and pandemics.
A field guide for sampling bats (Chiroptera) for eco-epidemiological studies in One Health
| Shariful Islam et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-09-09
This practical guide describes standardized approaches for safely sampling bats to investigate pathogens, host ecology, and environmental conditions while improving comparability across One Health studies.
Advancing One Health surveillance in South Africa
| Zemanay et al. | Discover Sustainability | 2025-08-06
The study considers how South Africa can improve integrated surveillance through better coordination of human, livestock, wildlife, environmental, and laboratory information.
Central Asia to strengthen pandemic preparedness with World Bank support
| World Bank | World Bank | 2025-05-27
Regional investment in Central Asia seeks to strengthen surveillance and preparedness across borders while incorporating One Health approaches to emerging infectious-disease risks.
Leveraging One Health as a sentinel approach for pandemic resilience
| Bartlett and Uhart | Virology Journal | 2024-10-28
The authors argue that surveillance of wildlife, livestock, and ecological change can provide early warnings of emerging pathogens before they become widespread human-health emergencies.
Editorial: One Health surveillance in practice: experiences of integration among human health, animal health, environmental health, and food safety sectors
| Guido Benedetti, Nadia Boisen and Joaquin M. Prada | Frontiers in Public Health | 2024-03-01
The editorial reviews practical experiences integrating surveillance information from public health, veterinary health, food safety, and environmental monitoring programs.
Data collection for One Health surveillance
| European Food Safety Authority | EFSA | n.d.
EFSA describes efforts to harmonize data from human, animal, food, and environmental surveillance so risks can be detected and evaluated across traditionally separate sectors.
Antimicrobial Resistance & Stewardship
Study protocol on antimicrobial resistance burden, transmission dynamics, and therapeutic bacteriophages in livestock and exposed farming populations in Nagpur, India: an integrated One Health approach
| Amit R. Nayak et al. | PLOS One | 2026-06-16
Researchers outline an integrated study of antimicrobial resistance among livestock and people working with animals while also examining bacteriophages as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
Using implementation science to bridge the gaps between political commitment and action in antimicrobial resistance governance under the One Health approach in the WHO Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions
| Xiaoran Yu et al. | The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific | 2026-01-06
The authors argue that implementation science can help governments convert high-level antimicrobial-resistance commitments into measurable, coordinated action across human, animal, and environmental sectors.
Transmission of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance gene flow across One Health compartments in eastern Africa: a whole-genome sequence analysis from a prospective cohort study
| Patrick Musicha et al. | The Lancet Microbe | 2026-01
Whole-genome sequencing is used to investigate resistant E. coli circulating among people, animals, and environmental compartments in eastern Africa and to clarify potential pathways of resistance-gene movement.
Reducing antimicrobial resistance
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
FAO describes work in India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand to reduce antimicrobial resistance by improving antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance across food and agricultural systems.
Unlocking farm-level antimicrobial resistance: a qualitative study of researchers’ experiences and challenges
| Charles Adegbole et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-11-07
Researchers describe practical difficulties in studying antimicrobial resistance on farms, including farmer participation, sampling, interdisciplinary collaboration, data availability, and translating findings into interventions.
Prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles in poultry meat samples from India: a systematic review
| V. Pooja et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-31
This systematic review evaluates antimicrobial-resistant organisms found in poultry meat in India and discusses implications for veterinary medicine, food safety, antibiotic stewardship, and human health.
Assessing the sentinel capacity of mollusks, seawater and sediments for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment
| Gabriel Arriagada et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-30
Researchers assess whether shellfish, seawater, and marine sediments can serve as environmental sentinels for antimicrobial resistance and support broader One Health surveillance.
Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camels in Hail Province, Saudi Arabia, carry antimicrobial resistant bacteria
| Alanoud T. Aljasham et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-14
Researchers identify antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated with ticks collected from camels, highlighting the possible movement of resistance among livestock, arthropod vectors, people, and the environment.
Comparative genomics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli reveals host-specific adhesiome adaptations in humans and cattle
| Víctor Martínez et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-09
Comparative genomic analysis examines differences in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli from humans and cattle, improving understanding of host adaptation and potential zoonotic transmission.
One Health framework for global and local stewardship across the antimicrobial lifecycle
| Bruce M. Altevogt et al. | Communications Medicine | 2025-10-07
The authors propose antimicrobial stewardship across the entire lifecycle, including research, manufacturing, medical and veterinary use, agriculture, waste management, environmental release, and disposal.
A regional One Health approach to mapping antimicrobial resistance interactions via systems thinking
| Claudia Huebner et al. | One Health Outlook | 2025-10-06
Researchers use systems thinking and causal-loop mapping to visualize interactions driving antimicrobial resistance and identify leverage points for coordinated regional intervention.
Identification of antimicrobial resistant bacteria isolated from Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camels in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia
| Mashal M. Almutairi et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-02
Bacteria isolated from camel ticks are tested for antimicrobial resistance, expanding understanding of how arthropods may participate in environmental and livestock-associated resistance networks.
Prevalence and antimicrobial drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria in dairy feed and water: a One Health concern
| Safia Arbab et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-09-24
This study investigates resistant gram-negative bacteria in dairy feed and water and highlights environmental pathways through which antimicrobial resistance may circulate within livestock-production systems.
Traditional Chinese medicine and plant-derived bioactive compounds as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics in bovine mastitis: a review
| Xuewei Fan et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-09-22
The review evaluates plant-derived and traditional medicinal compounds as possible alternatives to antibiotics for bovine mastitis, with potential implications for reducing antimicrobial use in livestock.
One health approach unravels worrying antimicrobial resistance patterns: a cross-sectional study in Kisii, Kenya
| Briton M. Kavulavu et al. | PLOS One | 2025-09-03
Resistant Enterobacterales and resistance genes were investigated in humans, animals, soil, and water, revealing shared resistance patterns and reinforcing the need for integrated local AMR surveillance.
Reducing antimicrobial resistance in sinks, drains and wastewater
| Authors | Science of the Total Environment | 2025-08-25
Sinks, drains, sewage, and wastewater systems can act as reservoirs and transmission pathways for antimicrobial resistance, demonstrating the importance of environmental interventions within One Health strategies.
Alternatives to antibiotics for sustainable livestock production in the context of the One Health approach: tackling a common foe
| Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-08-13
The review explores vaccines, probiotics, bacteriophages, plant compounds, improved husbandry, and other strategies for reducing routine antibiotic use while maintaining livestock health and productivity.
A qualitative content analysis exploring the portrayal of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in UK smallholding print media
| Claire D. A. Scott et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-07-30
Researchers analyze how smallholding publications communicate antibiotic use and resistance, highlighting the influence of agricultural media on antimicrobial stewardship and farmer behavior.
Assessment of a program for monitoring antimicrobial purchase and resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica on pig farms in the Midwestern United States
| Karyn A. Havas et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-07-25
The study evaluates farm-level antimicrobial purchasing and bacterial resistance surveillance as a tool for linking antibiotic use with resistance trends in commercial pig production.
Evaluating methods to explore antibiotic use on smallholding pig farms in peri-urban Kenya
| Claire Scott et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-07-23
Researchers compare methods for documenting antibiotic use among small-scale pig producers in Kenya and examine social, economic, veterinary, and husbandry factors influencing antimicrobial decisions.
Beyond clinical genomics: addressing critical gaps in One Health AMR surveillance
| Authors | Frontiers in Microbiology | 2025-04-28
The article argues that genomic AMR surveillance should extend beyond clinical isolates to include animals, food systems, wastewater, and other environmental reservoirs.
Climate change and antimicrobial resistance: application of One Health approach to mitigating dual global threats
| Almaw Genet Yeshiwas et al. | Discover Public Health | 2025-04-10
This review examines interactions between warming temperatures, extreme weather, water contamination, antimicrobial use, bacterial ecology, and the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Occurrence of virulence genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from humans, animals, and the environment: One Health perspective
| Edwin M. James et al. | PLOS One | 2025-01-24
Researchers compare virulence and antimicrobial-resistance genes in E. coli obtained from people, animals, river water, and other environments, demonstrating the interconnected nature of resistant bacterial populations.
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater from a One Health perspective
Wastewater surveillance can reveal antimicrobial-resistant organisms and resistance genes moving through communities, hospitals, farms, and environmental systems, making it a useful component of integrated AMR monitoring.
Antimicrobial use and resistance
This clinical review places antimicrobial resistance within a One Health context and explains how veterinary antibiotic use, environmental contamination, food systems, and healthcare contribute to resistant organisms.
Intersections between climate change and antimicrobial resistance: a systematic scoping review
| Authors | The Lancet Planetary Health | 2024-12
The review investigates relationships between climate change and antimicrobial resistance, including temperature, extreme weather, water quality, agriculture, microbial ecology, and antimicrobial exposure.
Combating antibiotic resistance in a One Health context: a plethora of frontiers
| Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose et al. | One Health Outlook | 2024-11-02
This review surveys emerging strategies against antimicrobial resistance across medicine, agriculture, veterinary practice, microbial ecology, environmental management, and drug development.
One Health approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance
| M. E. J. Woolhouse | Science in One Health | 2024-10-21
The article examines antimicrobial resistance as a problem spanning people, animals, agriculture, and environmental reservoirs and considers where coordinated interventions are most likely to reduce risk.
The Antimicrobial Resistance Pandemic: Breaking the Silence
| American Society for Microbiology | ASM | 2024-10
This overview explains antimicrobial resistance through a One Health lens, including interactions among healthcare, livestock, food production, environmental contamination, and microbial evolution.
The 2024 political declaration on antimicrobial resistance needs bold targets
The authors call for measurable international AMR targets, environmental-discharge controls, sustainable financing, public awareness, and accountable multisector governance under a One Health framework.
One health: Coming of age and antimicrobial resistance
| Sally C. Davies | Epidemiology & Infection | 2024-05-07
Antimicrobial resistance is presented as a defining One Health challenge because antibiotic use, resistant organisms, and resistance genes circulate among humans, animals, food systems, and environments.
Fleming Fund Phase II Award for AMR Surveillance in Tanzania
| American Society for Microbiology | ASM | 2024-05
Tanzania's AMR program demonstrates practical One Health implementation through strengthened human and animal laboratories, multisector coordinating bodies, standardized surveillance, and national data systems.
One Health governance principles for AMR surveillance: a scoping review and conceptual framework
| Arne Ruckert et al. | Research Directions: One Health | 2024-02-02
The authors identify governance principles needed to integrate antimicrobial-resistance surveillance across human, animal, food, and environmental sectors and translate shared data into coordinated action.
The need for One Health systems-thinking approaches to understand multiscale dissemination of antimicrobial resistance
| Arnold et al. | The Lancet Planetary Health | 2024-02
The authors argue that AMR must be understood as a dynamic system linking hospitals, farms, waterways, livestock, wildlife, antimicrobial use, environmental contamination, and human behavior.
Is scientific evidence enough? Using expert opinion to fill gaps in data in antimicrobial resistance research
| E. Jane Parmley et al. | PLOS One | 2023-08-24
Researchers use expert knowledge to fill quantitative gaps in models of antimicrobial resistance and identify relationships among drivers operating across human, animal, food, and environmental systems.
Opportunities and challenges to improving antibiotic prescribing practices through a One Health approach: results of a comparative survey of doctors, dentists and veterinarians in Australia
| Annie Zhuo et al. | BMJ Open | 2018
The study compares antibiotic-prescribing attitudes among medical doctors, dentists, and veterinarians and identifies opportunities for cross-professional antimicrobial stewardship.
One Health approach to tackle antimicrobial resistance in South East Asia
This regional overview describes antimicrobial resistance in South East Asia as a problem involving hospitals, livestock, aquaculture, agriculture, sanitation, environmental contamination, drug regulation, and governance.
New chapter in tackling antimicrobial resistance in Thailand
Thailand's national AMR strategy is examined as a One Health program combining human and animal surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, regulation, agriculture, public awareness, and national governance.
Zoonoses, Spillover & Emerging Infectious Diseases
One Health approach to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever illustrates the need for integrated surveillance of livestock, ticks, ecosystems, occupational exposure, and human disease.
One Health in Action: Protecting people and livestock from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Afghanistan
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Afghanistan's response to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever demonstrates how livestock management, veterinary services, public education, tick control, and health surveillance can be combined through One Health.
FAO presents new strategic model to tackle transboundary animal diseases
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
FAO proposes stronger prevention, surveillance, preparedness, and international cooperation against animal diseases that can threaten food systems, economies, biodiversity, and sometimes human health.
UKHSA and partners publish first One Health annual vector-borne disease surveillance report
| UK Health Security Agency | GOV.UK | 2026
The report integrates information from multiple sectors to track mosquito-, tick-, and other vector-associated threats affecting humans and animals in the United Kingdom.
Comparing vaccination coverage and dog population demographics among four pilot dog rabies vaccination strategies in Uganda
| Dickson Akankwatsa et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-13
The study compares rabies-vaccination delivery strategies and dog population characteristics to determine how mass canine vaccination programs can be made more effective and sustainable.
High prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in free-roaming dogs from Ecuador: a proxy for sentinel surveillance of zoonotic threats in low- and middle-income countries
| Darwin Paredes-Núñez et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-02
The researchers assess free-roaming dogs as sentinels of environmental contamination with Toxoplasma gondii and discuss their potential role in monitoring zoonotic risks shared by animals and humans.
Guinea pigs raised as livestock are incidental host of Toxoplasma gondii and Influenza A in Ecuador
| Mauricio Xavier Salas-Rueda et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-09-29
Researchers investigate livestock guinea pigs as potential hosts of zoonotic pathogens, illustrating disease risks created where household food production, domestic animals, wildlife, and humans interact.
One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | 2025-09-25
CDC's prioritization process helps countries and regions identify zoonotic diseases of greatest concern and develop shared priorities across human, animal, and environmental sectors.
Livestock guinea pigs in Ecuador as reservoirs of zoonotic protozoa and helminths
| Mauricio Xavier Salas-Rueda et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-09-24
Researchers document parasitic infections in guinea pigs raised for food and discuss implications for household exposure, food security, animal health, and zoonotic-disease surveillance.
High prevalence of Histoplasma capsulatum in bats and pigeons is linked to human histoplasmosis in an endemic area of Ecuador
| Naomi Mora-Jaramillo et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-09-09
Researchers connect Histoplasma detected in bats and pigeons with human disease in Ecuador, demonstrating the value of integrated wildlife, environmental, and clinical surveillance.
First report on dog bite epidemiology and Rabies diagnosis in stray dogs: a One Health study from Puducherry
| Abhiram Naidu Killada et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-08-29
Researchers combine dog-bite epidemiology with rabies testing of stray dogs to identify risks and support coordinated animal vaccination, public-health surveillance, and community prevention.
Rabies control via co-creation: a model for sustainable One Health interventions
| Nicholas Bor et al. | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | 2025-08-11
This research evaluates a co-created rabies-control program and shows how involving communities, veterinary services, researchers, and local organizations can improve the sustainability of interventions.
One Health: enabler of effective prevention, control and elimination of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
| Tianyun Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou and Marcel Tanner | Infectious Diseases of Poverty | 2025-07-31
The authors argue that stronger integration across sectors can improve prevention and elimination of emerging infections by addressing reservoirs, environmental conditions, surveillance, and socioeconomic drivers together.
The monitoring of emergent zoonotic pathogens in wild and captive birds in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Adis Softić et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-07-23
Surveillance of wild and captive birds is used to investigate zoonotic pathogens and illustrate the role of avian populations as sentinels for emerging infectious-disease risks.
Barriers and facilitators of infectious disease outbreak reporting: a One Health scoping review
| Amish Talwar et al. | One Health Outlook | 2025-07-03
This review examines why infectious-disease outbreaks may or may not be reported promptly across sectors and identifies governance, trust, communication, capacity, and institutional incentives affecting surveillance.
Strengthening resilience to emerging vector-borne diseases in Europe: lessons learnt from countries facing endemic transmission
| Authors | The Lancet Regional Health – Europe | 2025-06
The article argues that climate change, globalization, ecological disruption, and vector expansion require Europe to adopt more proactive, transdisciplinary strategies informed by countries where vector-borne diseases are already endemic.
Towards a One Health approach to WASH to tackle zoonotic disease and promote health and wellbeing
| Sarah Dickin et al. | PLOS Water | 2025-05-29
The authors argue that water, sanitation, and hygiene programs should account for animal waste, livestock contact, environmental contamination, and zoonotic transmission rather than focusing only on human sanitation.
Setting-based surveillance and One Health in the Mpox response
| Marc K. Yambayamba and Simon Rüegg | One Health Outlook | 2025-04-15
The resurgence of mpox is used to illustrate how surveillance should be adapted to ecological and social settings and include animal reservoirs and environmental conditions alongside human cases.
The role of climatic changes in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases: bibliometric analysis and literature-supported studies on zoonoses
| Walter Leal Filho et al. | One Health Outlook | 2025-02-25
The review examines evidence linking changing climate conditions with zoonotic emergence and re-emergence through altered vector distributions, animal ecology, rainfall, temperature, and human exposure.
One Health Field Approach Applied to Leptospirosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis across humans, animals and the environment
| Andrea Antoniolli et al. | Open Forum Infectious Diseases | 2024-12-30
A five-decade review of leptospirosis research finds measurable connections between infections in humans, animals, and contaminated environments while identifying major methodological gaps in integrated field studies.
Conceptual Framework for Community-Based Prevention of Brown Dog Tick–Associated Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
| Brophy et al. | Emerging Infectious Diseases | 2024-11
The authors develop a One Health framework for communities threatened by brown dog tick-associated Rocky Mountain spotted fever by integrating dog management, vector control, human surveillance, and social conditions.
Evaluation of a cross-border field simulation exercise on the response to outbreaks of infectious diseases in Namanga, Kenya and Tanzania
| John Sackey Dzaba et al. | PLOS Global Public Health | 2024-10-16
A cross-border outbreak exercise evaluates coordination between agencies in Kenya and Tanzania and demonstrates the importance of communication and multisector preparedness for diseases crossing national borders.
Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Cats in Mice and Ferrets, South Korea, 2023
| Kim et al. | Emerging Infectious Diseases | 2024-10
Experiments with H5N1 viruses isolated from infected cats demonstrate mammalian pathogenicity and reinforce calls for coordinated surveillance of poultry, wild birds, companion animals, livestock, and humans.
Rift Valley Fever Epizootic, Rwanda, 2022
| Remera et al. | Emerging Infectious Diseases | 2024-10
Surveillance documented thousands of livestock infections, abortions, and deaths during a Rwandan Rift Valley fever outbreak and recommends a One Health strategy to protect both animal and human populations.
Epidemiology of human and animal leptospirosis in Kenya: a systematic review and meta-analysis of disease occurrence, serogroup diversity and risk factors
| Wainaina, Wasonga and Cook | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | 2024-09-27
This review synthesizes evidence on leptospirosis in Kenyan people and animals and identifies diagnostic, surveillance, awareness, and research gaps that could be addressed using coordinated One Health programs.
One Health Investigation into Mpox and Pets, United States
| Morgan et al. | Emerging Infectious Diseases | 2024-08-14
Investigators sampled companion animals and animal-associated environments in households with human mpox cases to evaluate potential human-to-animal transmission and environmental contamination.
The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention
| Marion P. G. Koopmans et al. | The Lancet Infectious Diseases | 2024-08-09
The global spread of H5N1 among wild birds, poultry, and mammals is assessed as a major One Health preparedness challenge requiring coordinated wildlife, livestock, and human surveillance.
A One Health framework for exploring zoonotic interactions demonstrated through a case study
| Amélie Desvars-Larrive et al. | Nature Communications | 2024-07-15
The authors present a framework for analyzing zoonotic interactions across species, environments, and human activities and demonstrate how integrated datasets can improve understanding of transmission.
Looking Beyond the Lens of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Africa
| Okesanya et al. | Emerging Infectious Diseases | 2024-07
The article discusses Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever as a regional health-security challenge requiring coordinated surveillance, laboratories, vector research, livestock management, public education, and One Health collaboration.
A participatory approach to move towards a One Health surveillance system for anthrax in Burkina Faso
| Nana et al. | PLOS One | 2024-06-05
Stakeholders from several sectors jointly analyze anthrax surveillance in Burkina Faso and identify improvements needed to create an integrated system linking animal and human disease information.
Snakebite through a One Health lens
| Menon et al. | One Health Outlook | 2024
Snakebite is examined as a One Health problem shaped by human behavior, snake ecology, land-use change, agriculture, animal health, access to treatment, and environmental conditions.
Strengthening coordination and collaboration of One Health approach for zoonotic diseases in Africa
| Yewande Alimi and James Wabacha | One Health Outlook | 2023-08-02
The authors review African Union efforts to strengthen One Health coordination and identify the need for formal structures, sustainable financing, shared priorities, and institutionalized collaboration.
Policies to prevent zoonotic spillover: protocol for a systematic scoping review of evaluative evidence
| Authors | BMJ Open | 2022-11
The protocol identifies possible spillover-prevention policies involving wildlife surveillance, food systems, livestock production, land use, hunting, wildlife trade, and ecosystem management.
Multi-sectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases: One Health perspective from Ahmedabad, India
| Sandul Yasobant et al. | PLOS One | 2019
Stakeholders from different sectors jointly rank zoonotic diseases according to public-health, veterinary, socioeconomic, and epidemiological criteria, demonstrating a practical method for allocating limited resources.
Ebola virus disease
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | n.d.
FAO discusses Ebola as a major zoonotic threat requiring wildlife surveillance, animal-health expertise, community engagement, public-health preparedness, and understanding of ecological disease drivers.
One Health vector-borne disease surveillance
| UK Health Security Agency | GOV.UK | n.d.
The United Kingdom combines human, veterinary, wildlife, entomological, and environmental information to monitor vector-borne diseases whose distributions may change with climate and ecological conditions.
Completed One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshops
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | n.d.
CDC documents workshops in countries and regions around the world that used multisector participation to identify priority zoonoses and develop coordinated actions.
U.S. One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshop
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | n.d.
U.S. agencies applied a structured One Health process to determine which zoonotic diseases should receive particular attention for prevention, surveillance, preparedness, and research.
Investigating Salmonella and Wild Songbirds: A One Health Approach
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | n.d.
A Salmonella investigation involving wild birds demonstrates how wildlife, human health, veterinary medicine, environmental exposure, and public behavior can converge in a single disease event.
Zoonotic Disease Dynamics and One Health Approaches
| Nature Index | Nature Index | n.d.
Nature Index surveys research on zoonotic disease emergence, transmission ecology, wildlife-human interactions, and the interdisciplinary methods increasingly used to understand spillover.
Climate, Environment, Biodiversity, Plants & Microbiomes
Ecology and Epidemiology: Never the Twain Shall Meet?
| Muylaert et al. | EcoHealth | 2026-07-28
The article explores the persistent separation between ecology and epidemiology and argues that stronger integration is necessary to understand diseases emerging from complex ecological systems.
Integrating microbial systems into the One Health approach
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026-05-04
FAO argues for greater recognition of microbial communities because microorganisms link soils, plants, animals, water, food production, ecosystems, antimicrobial resistance, and human health.
EMERG: an eco-exposome framework for One Health
| Authors | Discover Public Health | 2026-02-16
The proposed framework connects environmental exposures with human and animal health, illustrating how One Health can incorporate pollution, ecosystem conditions, and other components of the exposome.
The promise of One Health for improved soil and food security in Papua New Guinea
| Authors | PubMed Central | 2026-01-29
The article applies One Health to soil degradation and food insecurity, demonstrating connections among soil microbiology, crop production, nutrition, environmental health, livelihoods, and human well-being.
One Health below the surface: the role of aquatic biosecurity
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Aquatic biosecurity is presented as a One Health issue connecting fish and shellfish health, food security, livelihoods, antimicrobial use, ecosystem integrity, and human health.
One Health and forest invasive species
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Invasive forest species demonstrate how plant health, biodiversity, ecosystem function, agriculture, livelihoods, and human well-being can become intertwined within the One Health framework.
New joint FAO-Government of Indonesia initiative advances One Health implementation in wildlife and environmental sectors
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Indonesia is expanding One Health beyond traditional medical and veterinary sectors by strengthening the role of wildlife management and environmental agencies in disease prevention.
A claim for plant health as a key component of One Health
The authors argue that plant health deserves greater attention within One Health because crops and wild plants support nutrition, ecosystems, livelihoods, biodiversity, and environmental stability.
One Health, One Microbiome
| Muhummed et al. | Microbiome | 2025-10-23
The article proposes greater integration of microbiome science into One Health because microbial communities circulate through humans, animals, plants, soils, water, food, and built environments.
Leveraging positive interactions in nature to enhance the shared goals and success of One Health
| Edward E. DeMartini et al. | BioScience | 2025-05-15
This paper examines cooperation and beneficial ecological interactions as models for One Health and considers how biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration can support disease control and environmental quality.
Public Health, One Health, and Planetary Health: what is next?
The authors argue that public health must more fully recognize the interdependence of human, animal, and ecosystem health while combining One Health and Planetary Health approaches with strong community leadership.
Preserving animal, human and environment health as one
| World Organisation for Animal Health | WOAH | 2024-07-12
WOAH describes the interconnected pressures created by zoonotic disease, ecosystem degradation, antimicrobial resistance, food insecurity, and environmental change.
One Health, climate change, and infectious microbes: a joint effort between AGU and ASM to understand impacts of changing climate and microbes on human well-being across scales
| Antarpreet Jutla et al. | mSphere | 2024-01-31
The article introduces interdisciplinary research examining how climate change affects microbial ecology, infectious disease, water quality, environmental pathogens, and health across human and ecological systems.
Environment and One Health
| World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe | WHO Europe | 2023-07-18
This fact sheet emphasizes the environmental dimension of One Health and explains how climate change, pollution, ecosystem degradation, and biodiversity loss can affect both animal and human health.
Save the microbes to save the planet: a call to action of the International Union of the Microbiological Societies
| Rino Rappuoli et al. | One Health Outlook | 2023-03-06
The authors emphasize the importance of microbial biodiversity for ecosystems, climate regulation, food production, human and animal health, and antimicrobial-resistance management.
One Health: a call for ecological equity
| The Lancet | The Lancet | 2023-01-21
This editorial argues that One Health should give ecosystems and nonhuman health greater consideration rather than treating environmental protection mainly as a means of safeguarding people.
One Health: Addressing Global Challenges at the Nexus of Human, Animal, and Environmental Health
| Waithaka Mwangi, Paul de Figueiredo and Michael F. Criscitiello | PLOS Pathogens | 2016
This article discusses One Health as a framework for responding to infectious disease, food security, agricultural productivity, ecosystem change, and other problems connecting humans with animals and environments.
Climate change and One Health
| European Commission | European Commission | n.d.
Climate change is linked to shifting infectious-disease patterns, vector expansion, food and water risks, ecosystem disruption, and other health threats requiring multisector responses.
Food Systems, Agriculture, Livestock & Veterinary Health
Global partnership grows to accelerate One Health action in agrifood systems
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
FAO highlights international efforts to embed One Health more deeply within agriculture and food systems where livestock, crops, ecosystems, trade, and human health intersect.
Dog attacks on livestock: insights from Swedish news articles and experiences of farmers and inspectors
| Sirkku Sarenbo and Marie Doane | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-31
The study examines dog attacks on livestock as a One Health issue involving animal welfare, farmer wellbeing, public policy, responsible pet ownership, and interactions between domestic animals and rural environments.
Diverse human dimensions affect the management of public and animal health impacts of free-roaming dogs in Australia: a One Health solution
| Peter J. S. Fleming et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-23
The review explores the ecological, cultural, animal-welfare, public-health, and social dimensions of free-roaming dogs and argues that management programs need multidisciplinary community involvement.
Attitudes of pet owners in coastal Oaxaca, Mexico, towards pet ownership and access to care
| Rachael Schulte et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-09-17
The study examines pet-owner attitudes and access to veterinary care in coastal Mexico, linking animal health services with community wellbeing, disease prevention, and social determinants of health.
One Health interventions and challenges under rural African smallholder farmer settings
| Omuse et al. | PubMed Central | 2025-01-02
The review examines the practical challenges of implementing One Health among smallholder farmers, where livestock health, household health, food security, livelihoods, antimicrobial use, and environmental conditions are closely linked.
Measuring the One Health impacts associated with creating access to veterinary care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
| Sloane M. Hawes et al. | Frontiers in Public Health | 2024-12-09
The research evaluates community veterinary-access programs and their effects on animal health, human wellbeing, healthcare access, and broader social determinants affecting underserved communities.
One Health: a holistic approach for food safety in livestock
| Authors | ScienceDirect | 2023
Food safety risks originating in livestock production can be reduced through coordinated attention to veterinary health, farm management, pathogens, antimicrobial use, environmental contamination, and consumer health.
Linking Human Health and Livestock Health: a One-Health platform for integrated analysis of human health, livestock health, and economic welfare in livestock-dependent communities
Researchers demonstrate how livestock health, human illness, household nutrition, zoonotic exposure, and economic welfare can be studied together in livestock-dependent African communities.
Food Safety and One Health
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | n.d.
FAO explains how food safety depends on interactions among human health, animal health, agriculture, ecosystems, microorganisms, and food-production environments.
Community Engagement, Equity, Culture & Indigenous Knowledge
Embedding indigenous and local knowledges with One Health: a roadmap for convergence and synergies
| Julie Garnier et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2026-08-13
The authors propose a roadmap for integrating Indigenous and local knowledge systems with One Health research and practice while emphasizing co-creation, justice, respect for diverse knowledge systems, and stronger participation by communities.
Elevating community voices in One Health: a participatory study applying the Community Zoonoses Prioritisation tool in Somalia
| Authors | The Lancet Regional Health – Africa | 2026-07-31
Participatory exercises with pastoral and agro-pastoral communities identify locally important zoonotic diseases and demonstrate how community priorities can complement national disease-ranking systems.
Making progress on One Health policies and programmes: Perspectives on community engagement and gender equity in four West African countries
| Authors | PubMed Central | 2026-07-17
Research from West Africa shows that effective One Health implementation requires meaningful community participation and attention to gender and social equity, not solely technical cooperation among government agencies.
One health and community health workers: Bridging the gap
| Muvunyi et al. | PubMed | 2026-01-12
Community health workers could strengthen One Health by connecting formal surveillance and health systems with local communities where zoonotic exposures, livestock management, environmental risks, and health behavior intersect.
Diversity, equity and inclusion in One Health could crucially support functional health security by fostering prevention, but a change in mindset is needed
| Claudia Robbiati et al. | One Health Outlook | 2025-11-11
The authors argue that diversity, equity, and inclusion should be treated as fundamental elements of One Health because unequal participation and power can undermine prevention and health-security programs.
Accounting for the multiple in 'One Health' – a pragmatic approach to engage with context-based local knowledge and disciplinary perspectives
| Nicolas Lainé and Unnikrishnan Payyappallimana | Research Directions: One Health | 2025-09-09
The authors argue that One Health needs greater engagement with Indigenous and locally generated knowledge and should adapt interventions to diverse ecological, cultural, and social contexts rather than applying a universal model.
Expanding One Health: the role of culture and the long term
| A. Sebastián Muñoz, Vivian Scheinsohn and Mariana Mondini | BioScience | 2025-07-02
The authors argue that One Health should more explicitly incorporate culture, archaeology, historical processes, and long-term human-environment relationships when explaining present health risks.
Effective community engagement in One Health research in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
| Sidney Sangong, Farrukh Ishaque Saah and Luchuo Engelbert Bain | One Health Outlook | 2025-01-15
This systematic review assesses community involvement in African One Health research and identifies trust, local participation, communication, power sharing, and sustained relationships as major determinants of success.
A One Health approach to pastoral (im)mobility, health, and disease: a qualitative participatory study in Plateau State, Nigeria
Participatory research with pastoral communities examines how mobility, land use, conflict, livestock disease, human health, and access to grazing interact in northern Nigeria.
Gender considerations in One Health: a framework for researchers
| Alessandra Galiè et al. | Frontiers in Public Health | 2024-02-28
The authors provide a framework for examining how gender influences exposure, labor, decision-making, livestock ownership, access to services, and participation in One Health interventions.
A community action network-based intervention for improving knowledge of zoonoses among wildlife hunters and traders in Epe, Lagos, Nigeria
A community-based intervention works with wildlife hunters and traders to improve awareness of zoonotic disease and reduce risks at an important human-wildlife interface.
One Health action for health security and equity
| One Health High-Level Expert Panel | The Lancet | 2023-02-18
The Expert Panel argues that One Health action should simultaneously advance health security and equity rather than focusing narrowly on protecting human populations from animal-origin pathogens.
Education, Workforce, Communication & Social/Behavioral Sciences
Evaluating the Value of One Health: Lessons from the first global online course
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026-08-21
FAO reviews lessons from a global training initiative designed to help practitioners evaluate the economic, social, environmental, and health benefits generated by One Health interventions.
Stakeholder priorities and conceptualization of One Health: insights from fuzzy cognitive mapping and grounded theory
| Jonah Levin et al. | PLOS One | 2026-03-02
This study investigates how stakeholders from different disciplines and knowledge systems understand One Health and identifies differences in priorities that can complicate multisector collaboration.
From evidence to decisions: why knowledge is the missing link in One Health
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO | 2026
Effective One Health programs require mechanisms that translate scientific research, surveillance information, local knowledge, and cross-sector evidence into coordinated policy decisions.
Tailored biosecurity training for veterinarians and farmers: bridging knowledge and practice gaps in One Health
| Blerta Mehmedi et al. | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2025-10-27
This article examines targeted biosecurity education for veterinarians and livestock producers and argues that training must be adapted to the practical barriers and motivations affecting behavior on farms.
Harnessing the power of One Health education to tackle Emerging Infectious Diseases and other global health challenges
| Winnifred Akello | One Health Outlook | 2025-04-14
The commentary emphasizes interdisciplinary education and transdisciplinary thinking as essential tools for developing a workforce capable of addressing emerging infections and complex global-health problems.
Climate change professionals' perspectives on the competencies for One Health graduates
| Carrie K.M. McMullen et al. | Research Directions: One Health | 2025-02-10
Climate professionals identify interdisciplinary knowledge, systems thinking, collaboration, communication, and other competencies that future One Health practitioners may need to address climate-related health threats.
Competencies for One Health Field Epidemiology
| Muehlen et al. | PubMed | 2025
The authors identify competencies needed by field epidemiologists working across human, animal, and environmental sectors, including collaboration, surveillance, outbreak investigation, communication, leadership, and systems thinking.
Combating climate-induced health threats through Co-Constitutive Risk Messaging: a One Health Communication approach
This study tests communication strategies for explaining how environmental change, infectious disease, human behavior, and animal health interact, with the goal of improving public engagement with climate-related health risks.
Where exactly do the social and behavioural sciences fit in One Health?
| Lucy Carter, Aditi Mankad and Walter Okello | Frontiers in Public Health | 2024-05-15
The paper argues that social and behavioral sciences should play a larger role in One Health because health threats are shaped by human behavior, institutions, culture, risk perception, and decision-making.
Health literacy, governance and systems leadership in One Health
| Authors | Health Policy | 2024
The article highlights governance, systems leadership, and public understanding as important conditions for translating One Health science into coordinated policies and behavioral change.
Characterizing the One Health workforce to promote interdisciplinary, multisectoral approaches in global health problem-solving
| Togami et al. | PLOS One | 2023-05-16
This study characterizes the international One Health workforce and examines the skills and professional backgrounds needed to address problems spanning medicine, veterinary science, agriculture, and ecosystems.
