Rebuilding Community After Social Fragmentation

Rebuilding Community Through Social Connection, Civic Participation, and Public Spaces

This collection brings together research from international organizations, universities, governments, think tanks, and public policy institutions examining how stronger social relationships improve public health, democratic participation, economic opportunity, neighborhood resilience, and community well-being. The sources explore practical strategies for reducing loneliness, strengthening trust, rebuilding civic life, improving public spaces, encouraging volunteerism, and creating communities where people experience greater belonging and mutual support.

Social Connection and Public Health

Many recent studies identify social connection as a major public health issue rather than simply an individual concern. Organizations such as the World Health Organization, U.S. Surgeon General, American Psychological Association, and OECD describe loneliness and social isolation as risk factors affecting physical health, mental health, quality of life, productivity, and life expectancy. The resources emphasize that strengthening relationships should become an important objective of public policy alongside traditional healthcare.

Social Cohesion, Trust, and Social Capital

The collection examines how trust between individuals and confidence in public institutions contribute to healthier, more resilient societies. Research on social capital demonstrates that communities with stronger interpersonal relationships often experience higher civic participation, greater cooperation, improved resilience during crises, and reduced political polarization. Building relationships across economic, cultural, and political differences is presented as an important ingredient of long-term social stability.

Public Spaces and Social Infrastructure

Many resources describe parks, libraries, recreation centers, sidewalks, plazas, cafés, community centers, and other public gathering places as essential social infrastructure. Rather than serving only recreational purposes, these spaces help residents meet regularly, develop friendships, build neighborhood identity, and strengthen civic participation. Effective public spaces combine thoughtful design with inclusive programming and long-term community stewardship.

Libraries, Parks, and Third Places

Libraries, community gardens, markets, schools, and other "third places" provide opportunities for informal interaction outside the home and workplace. Research highlights their roles in lifelong learning, digital access, public health, cultural exchange, neighborhood identity, and community engagement. These institutions frequently serve as trusted gathering places that strengthen local relationships.

Neighborhood Leadership and Community Development

Numerous reports emphasize resident-led development rather than top-down planning. Asset-Based Community Development, community ownership, neighborhood partnerships, and local leadership programs encourage residents to identify community strengths, organize around shared goals, and participate directly in improving their neighborhoods. Successful initiatives typically combine local knowledge with institutional support.

Mutual Aid, Volunteering, and Collective Care

Volunteer organizations, mutual-aid networks, and informal community support systems play important roles during emergencies as well as everyday life. Research shows that volunteering strengthens trust, creates new relationships, increases civic participation, and improves resilience while allowing communities to respond more effectively during crises.

Dialogue, Polarization, and Bridging Differences

Several sources examine practical methods for reducing political, cultural, religious, and economic divisions. Dialogue programs, intergroup contact, structured deliberation, and shared community projects help build understanding across differences while preserving democratic disagreement. Research consistently finds that sustained cooperation and repeated interaction reduce prejudice more effectively than one-time encounters.

Community Resilience and Recovery

Studies of disaster recovery consistently identify social relationships as critical infrastructure. Communities with stronger networks of trust and cooperation generally recover more quickly from disasters, economic disruption, and public health emergencies. Social cohesion complements physical infrastructure by improving communication, mutual assistance, and coordinated problem-solving.

Civic Participation and Local Democracy

The collection includes extensive material on participatory budgeting, citizen assemblies, deliberative democracy, community planning, and open government. These approaches seek to strengthen trust by giving residents meaningful opportunities to participate in public decision-making rather than limiting engagement to periodic elections.

Housing, Economic Inclusion, and Community Stability

Stable housing, mixed-income neighborhoods, worker cooperatives, community land trusts, and locally rooted economic development all contribute to stronger communities by allowing residents to remain engaged in neighborhood institutions and build lasting relationships. Economic stability supports long-term social cohesion.

Culture, Education, and Shared Activities

Shared meals, arts programs, festivals, schools, intergenerational activities, community kitchens, and cultural institutions create opportunities for regular interaction among diverse populations. These shared experiences help build empathy, preserve local identity, and strengthen community belonging.

Measuring Social Connection

Researchers increasingly use surveys, social network analysis, civic participation indicators, trust measures, and community mapping to evaluate social cohesion. These tools help governments and organizations identify areas of weakness while assessing whether community-building initiatives produce measurable improvements.

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

Government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and healthcare systems increasingly promote social prescribing, community connectors, transportation improvements, neighborhood programs, volunteer networks, and accessible public spaces as practical responses to loneliness and isolation. Effective interventions typically combine social opportunities with attention to psychological barriers that discourage participation.

Civic Infrastructure and Placemaking

Public investment in civic assets—including parks, plazas, libraries, trails, and community facilities—supports healthier neighborhoods by encouraging interaction, recreation, cultural activities, and local participation. Resident-led placemaking demonstrates how relatively small improvements can generate significant community benefits.

Bridging Economic, Cultural, and Social Divides

Research on economic connectedness, intercultural cities, and cross-group friendships suggests that meaningful relationships across class, race, religion, and political identity improve opportunity, reduce polarization, and strengthen democratic societies. Institutions that facilitate repeated interaction help create more inclusive communities.

Rural and Small-Town Communities

The collection also addresses rural resilience through community-led planning, local leadership, placemaking, cultural initiatives, and partnerships that strengthen local capacity while preserving community identity. Small-town development often depends upon resident participation and locally controlled institutions.

Safety and Collective Efficacy

Studies consistently show that neighborhood trust, resident engagement, well-maintained public spaces, and collective efficacy are associated with lower crime rates and safer communities. Community-centered approaches to public safety emphasize prevention, relationship-building, and neighborhood investment alongside traditional law enforcement.

Conclusion

Taken together, these resources present social connection as a foundational element of healthy societies rather than merely a personal concern. Strong communities depend upon trust, participation, accessible public spaces, inclusive institutions, resident leadership, volunteerism, and opportunities for meaningful interaction across social differences. The research demonstrates that rebuilding community requires coordinated efforts involving governments, civil society, local organizations, and residents working together to strengthen the relationships that support resilient, prosperous, and democratic societies.

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• July 22, 2026 — Community-Centered Public Safety

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/community-centered-public-safety-lessons/ | Brookings Institution researchers | Brookings Institution

Food, Culture, Education and Shared Activities

• July 2, 2026 — Promoting Social Connectedness Through Food

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/promoting-social-connectedness-through-food_1fdd5254-en/full-report/promoting-social-connectedness-through-food-policy-relevance-conceptual-underpinnings-and-existing-evidence_73aa4622.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• June 15, 2026 — Social Connection Framework

 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/social-connection-framework/social-connection-framework | Department for Culture, Media and Sport | UK Government

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• February 16, 2026 — The Goal Has Been to Demystify: How a Colonial Nairobi Library Was Restored

 https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2026/feb/16/the-goal-has-been-to-demystify-how-a-colonial-nairobi-library-was-restored-and-given-back-to-the-people | Sarah Johnson | The Guardian

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• 2026 — Social Infrastructure Is Essential Infrastructure

 https://www.gehlpeople.com/knowledge-hub/publications/social-infrastructure-is-essential-infrastructure/ | Gehl | Gehl

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• December 5, 2025 — Legislation, Governance and Finance of Public Space

 https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2025/12/legislation_governance_and_finance_of_public_space_policy_brief.pdf | UN-Habitat | United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• November 27, 2025 — The Role of Social Cohesion in Community Resilience

 https://blog.gdi.manchester.ac.uk/belonging-and-connection-the-role-of-social-cohesion-in-community-resilience/ | Global Development Institute | University of Manchester

Social Connection and Public Health

• October 23, 2025 — Loneliness Interventions Help but Are Not a Cure-All

 https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2025/10/loneliness-interventions | American Psychological Association | American Psychological Association

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• October 16, 2025 — Social Connections and Loneliness in OECD Countries

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/social-connections-and-loneliness-in-oecd-countries_6df2d6a0-en.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

• October 16, 2025 — An Overview of What Social Connections Are and Why They Matter

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/social-connections-and-loneliness-in-oecd-countries_6df2d6a0-en/full-report/an-overview-of-what-social-connections-are-why-they-matter-and-how-and-for-whom-they-have-changed-in-recent-years_5af93724.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Social Connection and Public Health

• July 14, 2025 — Loneliness and Isolation: The Hidden Threat to Global Health We Can No Longer Ignore

 https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/loneliness-and-isolation-the-hidden-threat-to-global-health-we-can-no-longer-ignore | Vivek Murthy and Chido Mpemba | World Health Organization

• June 30, 2025 — From Loneliness to Social Connection: Charting a Path to Healthier Societies

 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978240112360 | World Health Organization Commission on Social Connection | World Health Organization

• June 30, 2025 — Social Connection Linked to Improved Health and Reduced Risk of Early Death

 https://www.who.int/news/item/30-06-2025-social-connection-linked-to-improved-heath-and-reduced-risk-of-early-death | World Health Organization | World Health Organization

• June 30, 2025 — Social Connection: Questions and Answers

 https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/social-connection | World Health Organization | World Health Organization

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• May 20, 2025 — Community Social Cohesion During a Large Public Housing and Neighborhood Redevelopment

 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40933303/ | Judith Perrigo and colleagues | Societies

Neighborhood Action and Resident Leadership

• May 2025 — Community Ownership and Self-Determination

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/Community_Ownership_and_Self-Determination.pdf | Urban Institute researchers | Urban Institute

Community Ownership and Long-Term Stability

• May 2025 — Community Ownership and Self-Determination

 https://www.urban.org/research/publication/community-ownership-and-self-determination | Urban Institute | Urban Institute

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• April 30, 2025 — In a Divided America, How Can We Measure Social Connection?

 https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/divided-america-how-can-we-measure-social-connection | Jessica Wolin and colleagues | Urban Institute

Community Resilience and Recovery

• February 26, 2025 — Network Dynamics of Community Resilience and Recovery

 https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18730 | Chia-Fu Liu and Ali Mostafavi | arXiv

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• January 30, 2025 — Understanding the Effects of Social Cohesion on Social Wellbeing

 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950196/ | Sally Fowler Davis and Megan Davies | International Journal of Public Health

Social Connection and Public Health

• 2025 — Social Isolation and Loneliness

 https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/demographic-change-and-healthy-ageing/social-isolation-and-loneliness | World Health Organization | World Health Organization

• 2025 — Reducing Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older People

 https://www.who.int/activities/reducing-social-isolation-and-loneliness-among-older-people | World Health Organization | World Health Organization

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• 2025 — Bridging Social Capital and Trust: A Research Agenda

 https://www.hec.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Social-Capital-and-Trust-HEC-S%26O-Institute-2025_compressed.pdf | HEC Paris Sustainability and Organizations Institute | HEC Paris

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• 2025 — The Rapid Rise of Social Infrastructure

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275124008229 | G. Enneking and colleagues | Cities

• 2025 — The Spaces That Hold Community Life Together

 https://www.youngfoundation.org/social-infrastructure-neighbourhoods-cities/ | The Young Foundation | The Young Foundation

Neighborhood Action and Resident Leadership

• 2025 — Putting Local Data to Work: Corewell Health South

 https://puttinglocaldatatowork.urban.org/grantee/corewell-health-south.html | Urban Institute | Putting Local Data to Work

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2025 — Building Resilient Communities: The Case for Social Cohesion

 https://www.adph.org.uk/networks/london/building-resilient-communities-the-case-for-social-cohesion/ | Association of Directors of Public Health London | ADPH London

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• January 2025 — Healthier Cities and Communities Through Public Spaces

 https://unhabitat.org/healthier-cities-and-communities-through-public-spaces | UN-Habitat and World Health Organization | UN-Habitat

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• November 29, 2024 — The Importance of Social Cohesion and Communities

 https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/the-importance-of-social-cohesion-and-communities/ | Thomas Brown | House of Lords Library

Community Ownership and Long-Term Stability

• July 11, 2024 — Helping Community Leaders Buy Back the Block

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/helping-community-leaders-buy-back-the-block/ | Andre Perry and Hanna Love | Brookings Institution

Restoring Trust Through Participation

• July 10, 2024 — Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/drivers-of-trust-in-public-institutions-in-2024_9a20554b-en.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• March 20, 2024 — Social Capital in a Divided America

 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00027162241228121 | David E. Campbell | The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• February 19, 2024 — Bridging or Breaking: Impact of Intergroup Interactions on Religious Polarization

 https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11895 | Rochana Chaturvedi, Sugat Chaturvedi and Elena Zheleva | arXiv

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• 2024 — Trust in Public Institutions

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/society-at-a-glance-2024_918d8db3-en/full-report/trust-in-public-institutions_f4af755c.html | OECD | Society at a Glance 2024

• 2024 — Leveraging Social Cohesion for Development Outcomes

 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstreams/46fe1edf-f941-4022-8ae1-9d57622b61d3/download | World Bank researchers | World Bank

• 2024 — Bridging Differences: What Communities and Government Can Do to Foster Social Capital

 https://www.smf.co.uk/publications/bridging-differences-what-communities-and-government-can-do-to-foster-social-capital/ | Social Market Foundation | Social Market Foundation

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• 2024 — Social Infrastructure

 https://www.communitycommons.org/entities/a2d2f957-5282-493a-9bda-5a8635b355a9 | Community Commons | Community Commons

• 2024 — Understanding the Relationship Between Urban Public Space and Social Cohesion

 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42413-024-00204-5 | Jing Qi and colleagues | Journal of Urban Design and Mental Health

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2024 — Libraries as Community Hubs

 https://www.urbanlibraries.org/initiatives/libraries-as-community-hubs | Urban Libraries Council | Urban Libraries Council

Neighborhood Action and Resident Leadership

• 2024 — Asset-Based Community Development Institute

 https://resources.depaul.edu/abcd-institute/Pages/default.aspx | Asset-Based Community Development Institute | DePaul University

• 2024 — Community-Led Development

 https://movementforcommunityleddevelopment.org/community-led-development/ | Movement for Community-Led Development | MCLD

Mutual Aid, Volunteering and Collective Care

• 2024 — Volunteering and Social Cohesion

 https://knowledge.unv.org/theme/volunteering-and-social-cohesion | United Nations Volunteers | United Nations Volunteers

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• 2024 — Dialogue Across Difference

 https://www.interfaithamerica.org/resources/dialogue-across-difference/ | Interfaith America | Interfaith America

Inclusive Planning and Local Democracy

• 2024 — Participatory Budgeting: An Introduction

 https://www.participatorybudgeting.org/what-is-pb/ | Participatory Budgeting Project | Participatory Budgeting Project

• 2024 — Community-Driven Development

 https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/communitydrivendevelopment | World Bank | World Bank

• 2024 — People-Centred Smart Cities

 https://unhabitat.org/programme/people-centered-smart-cities | UN-Habitat | United Nations Human Settlements Programme

• 2024 — The Civic Commons Learning Network

 https://civiccommons.us/ | Reimagining the Civic Commons | Civic Commons

Economic Inclusion, Housing and Community Stability

• 2024 — Community Land Trusts

 https://groundedsolutions.org/strengthening-neighborhoods/community-land-trusts | Grounded Solutions Network | Grounded Solutions Network

• 2024 — Worker Cooperatives and Community Development

 https://institute.coop/what-worker-cooperative | Democracy at Work Institute | Democracy at Work Institute

Food, Culture, Education and Shared Activities

• 2024 — Creative Placemaking

 https://www.arts.gov/impact/creative-placemaking | National Endowment for the Arts | National Endowment for the Arts

• 2024 — Learning to Live Together

 https://www.unesco.org/en/education/learning-live-together | UNESCO | UNESCO

• 2024 — Schools as Community Hubs

 https://www.communityschools.org/about-community-schools/ | Coalition for Community Schools | Institute for Educational Leadership

• 2024 — Intergenerational Programs and Social Inclusion

 https://generationsworkingtogether.org/resources/ | Generations Working Together | Generations Working Together

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• 2024 — The Social Capital Project

 https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republicans/socialcapitalproject | Joint Economic Committee | United States Congress

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• 2024 — Loneliness, Social Isolation and Local Government

 https://www.local.gov.uk/our-support/partners-care-and-health/autistic-and-learning-disabilities/loneliness-social-isolation | Local Government Association | Local Government Association

• 2024 — Addressing Loneliness in Rural Communities

 https://www.nalc.gov.uk/campaigns/health-and-wellbeing/loneliness.html | National Association of Local Councils | NALC

• 2024 — Community Connectors and Social Prescribing

 https://www.england.nhs.uk/personalisedcare/social-prescribing/ | National Health Service England | NHS England

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• 2024 — Transformative Placemaking

 https://www.brookings.edu/projects/transformative-placemaking/about/ | Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program | Brookings Institution

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2024 — Creative Placemaking Research

 https://www.arts.gov/impact/creative-placemaking/creative-placemaking-resources | National Endowment for the Arts | National Endowment for the Arts

Bridging Class, Racial and Cultural Divisions

• 2024 — Creating Social Cohesion Through Intercultural Cities

 https://www.coe.int/en/web/interculturalcities | Council of Europe | Council of Europe

• 2024 — Intercultural Cities Index

 https://www.coe.int/en/web/interculturalcities/index-results-per-city | Council of Europe | Council of Europe

Restoring Trust Through Participation

• 2024 — Open Government for Stronger Democracies

 https://www.oecd.org/gov/open-government/ | OECD | OECD

• 2024 — Participatory Budgeting in North America

 https://www.participatorybudgeting.org/participatory-budgeting-in-north-america/ | Participatory Budgeting Project | Participatory Budgeting Project

• 2024 — The Participatory Budgeting Project Toolkit

 https://www.participatorybudgeting.org/pb-toolkit/ | Participatory Budgeting Project | Participatory Budgeting Project

• 2024 — Community Planning Toolkit

 https://www.communityplanningtoolkit.org/ | Community Places | Community Places

Rebuilding Rural and Small-Town Communities

• 2024 — Rural Community Development Initiative

 https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/community-facilities/rural-community-development-initiative-grants | USDA Rural Development | United States Department of Agriculture

• 2024 — Rural Social Isolation and Loneliness

 https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/social-isolation-and-loneliness | Rural Health Information Hub | Health Resources and Services Administration

• 2024 — Rural Community Resilience

 https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/community-strategies-group/ | Community Strategies Group | Aspen Institute

• 2024 — Rural Opportunity and Development Forum

 https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/community-strategies-group/rural-opportunity-and-development-forum/ | Aspen Institute | Aspen Institute

• 2024 — Heart and Soul Community Planning

 https://www.communityheartandsoul.org/ | Community Heart & Soul | Community Heart & Soul

• 2024 — Main Street Approach

 https://mainstreet.org/the-approach | Main Street America | Main Street America

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• 2024 — Cure Violence Global

 https://cvg.org/ | Cure Violence Global | Cure Violence Global

• 2024 — Community Violence Intervention

 https://bja.ojp.gov/program/community-violence-intervention | Bureau of Justice Assistance | U.S. Department of Justice

• 2024 — Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

 https://www.cpted.net/ | International CPTED Association | International CPTED Association

Community Ownership and Long-Term Stability

• 2024 — Community Investment Trusts

 https://investcit.com/ | Community Investment Trust | Mercy Corps Northwest

• 2024 — Community Development Corporations

 https://www.lisc.org/our-initiatives/community-development/ | Local Initiatives Support Corporation | LISC

• 2024 — Comprehensive Community Development

 https://www.neighborworks.org/community-initiatives/community-building-and-engagement | NeighborWorks America | NeighborWorks America

• 2024 — Resident Leadership and Community Building

 https://www.neighborworks.org/training-services/training-professional-development/community-building-and-engagement | NeighborWorks America | NeighborWorks America

• 2024 — The Community Wealth Building Model

 https://community-wealth.org/content/community-wealth-building | The Democracy Collaborative | Community-Wealth.org

• 2024 — Anchor Institutions and Community Wealth Building

 https://community-wealth.org/strategies/panel/anchors/index.html | The Democracy Collaborative | Community-Wealth.org

Youth, Intergenerational Connection and Community Renewal

• 2024 — Positive Youth Development

 https://youth.gov/youth-topics/positive-youth-development | Interagency Working Group on Youth Programs | Youth.gov

• 2024 — Youth Engagement Toolkit

 https://youth.gov/youth-topics/civic-engagement-and-volunteering | Youth.gov | U.S. Government

• 2024 — Youth Participatory Action Research

 https://yparhub.berkeley.edu/ | University of California, Berkeley | YPAR Hub

• 2024 — A Guide to Youth-Led Participatory Action Research

 https://yparhub.berkeley.edu/get-started/ | YPAR Hub | University of California, Berkeley

• 2024 — Developmental Relationships Framework

 https://searchinstitute.org/developmental-relationships/developmental-relationships-framework/ | Search Institute | Search Institute

• 2024 — Generations United Resources

 https://www.gu.org/resources/ | Generations United | Generations United

• 2024 — Intergenerational Shared Sites

 https://www.gu.org/explore-our-topics/intergenerational-shared-sites/ | Generations United | Generations United

• 2024 — National Mentoring Resource Center

 https://nationalmentoringresourcecenter.org/ | Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention | U.S. Department of Justice

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• June 28, 2023 — Neighborhood Beautification and Violence Prevention

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/as-local-governments-look-for-solutions-to-gun-violence-pandemic-funding-is-an-under-tapped-resource/ | Hanna Love and colleagues | Brookings Institution

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• March 2023 — Tackling Loneliness: Annual Report

 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/loneliness-annual-report-the-fourth-year | Department for Culture, Media and Sport | UK Government

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• February 1, 2023 — Beyond Design: How to Create Public Spaces for Social Cohesion

 https://www.theansweris.community/beyond-design-how-to-create-public-spaces-for-social-cohesion/ | The Answer Is Community | The Answer Is Community

Social Connection and Public Health

• 2023 — Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation

 https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf | Office of the U.S. Surgeon General | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• 2023 — How Community-Based Public Space Can Build Civic Trust

 https://medium.com/reimagining-the-civic-commons/how-community-based-public-space-can-build-civic-trust-2084e9d69f23 | Reimagining the Civic Commons | Medium

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2023 — The Social Infrastructure of Community Life

 https://www.pps.org/article/the-social-infrastructure-of-community-life | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

Mutual Aid, Volunteering and Collective Care

• 2023 — A Social Capital Approach to Understanding Community Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic

 https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/47077/1/Wilson%20et%20al%20%282023%29_A%20Social%20Capital%20Approach%20to%20Understanding%20Community%20Resilience%20during%20the%20Covid-19%20Pandemic.pdf | Suzanne Wilson and colleagues | Community Development Journal

• 2023 — Building Community Through Service

 https://americorps.gov/about/our-impact/volunteering-civic-life | AmeriCorps | AmeriCorps

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2023 — Community Resilience and Cohesion

 https://phwwhocc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/D3.1-Community-Resilience-and-Cohesion-Eng-final.pdf | Public Health Wales | Public Health Wales

• 2023 — Ready for the Next Crisis? Investing in Health-System Resilience

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/ready-for-the-next-crisis-investing-in-health-system-resilience_1e53cf80-en/full-report/component-6.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Inclusive Planning and Local Democracy

• 2023 — Participatory Budgeting and Community Development

 https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/participatory-budgeting | World Bank | World Bank

• 2023 — Citizen Engagement

 https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do/brief/citizen-engagement | World Bank | World Bank

Economic Inclusion, Housing and Community Stability

• 2023 — Housing as a Foundation for Community Health

 https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/resources/health-begins-home | Enterprise Community Partners | Enterprise Community Partners

• 2023 — Local Economic Development and Social Cohesion

 https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/employment-promotion/local-economic-development/lang--en/index.htm | International Labour Organization | ILO

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• 2023 — Reconnection: Findings and Recommendations

 https://www.redcross.org.uk/about-us/what-we-do/we-speak-up-for-change/reconnecting-communities | British Red Cross | British Red Cross

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• 2023 — Global Public Space Programme Annual Report 2022

 https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2023/04/gpsp_annual_report_2022_1.pdf | UN-Habitat | United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Restoring Trust Through Participation

• September 24, 2022 — OECD Guidelines for Citizen Participation Processes

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-for-citizen-participation-processes_f765caf6-en.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Bridging Class, Racial and Cultural Divisions

• August 2, 2022 — Seven Key Takeaways From Research on Friendship and Economic Mobility

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/7-key-takeaways-from-chettys-new-research-on-friendship-and-economic-mobility/ | Richard Reeves and Coura Fall | Brookings Institution

• August 1, 2022 — Social Capital and Economic Mobility

 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04996-4 | Raj Chetty and colleagues | Nature

• August 1, 2022 — Social Capital II: Determinants of Economic Connectedness

 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04997-3 | Raj Chetty and colleagues | Nature

• August 2022 — The Other Side of the Tracks

 https://opportunityinsights.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/social_capital_summary.pdf | Opportunity Insights | Harvard University

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• 2022 — The Health Benefits of Parks and Their Economic Impacts

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/the-health-benefits-of-parks-and-their-economic-impacts_0.pdf | Megan Gallagher and colleagues | Urban Institute

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2022 — Public Spaces and Social Cohesion

 https://www.pps.org/article/public-spaces-and-social-cohesion | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

Mutual Aid, Volunteering and Collective Care

• 2022 — State of the World’s Volunteerism Report 2022

 https://swvr2022.unv.org/ | United Nations Volunteers | United Nations

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• 2022 — Building Social Capital to Counter Polarization and Support Democracy

 https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/download/12611/10637 | Anne-Louise Watkin | First Monday

Inclusive Planning and Local Democracy

• 2022 — Planning With People

 https://unhabitat.org/planning-with-people | UN-Habitat | United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• 2022 — The Case for Open Space

 https://www.tpl.org/resource/case-open-space | Trust for Public Land | Trust for Public Land

Bridging Class, Racial and Cultural Divisions

• 2022 — Economic Connectedness: Building Relationships Across Class Lines

 https://opportunityinsights.org/paper/social-capital-i-measurement-and-associations-with-economic-mobility/ | Opportunity Insights | Harvard University

Rebuilding Rural and Small-Town Communities

• 2022 — Rural Placemaking Innovation Challenge

 https://www.rd.usda.gov/about-rd/initiatives/rural-placemaking-innovation-challenge | Rural Development | United States Department of Agriculture

• 2022 — A Guide to Rural Placemaking

 https://www.rd.usda.gov/sites/default/files/Rural_Placemaking_Innovation_Challenge_eGuide.pdf | U.S. Department of Agriculture | USDA Rural Development

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• November 16, 2021 — Want to Reduce Violence? Invest in Place

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/want-to-reduce-violence-invest-in-place/ | Hanna Love and Tracy Hadden Loh | Brookings Institution

Mutual Aid, Volunteering and Collective Care

• October 27, 2021 — Self-Care Doesn’t Have to Be Selfish

 https://time.com/6110793/why-self-care-doesnt-have-to-be-selfish-mindfulness-teacher-shelly-tygielski-on-generosity-and-wellbeing/ | Angela Haupt | Time

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• July 27, 2021 — Beyond Traditional Measures: The Holistic Impacts of Public-Space Investments

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/beyond-traditional-measures-examining-the-holistic-impacts-of-public-space-investments-in-three-cities/ | Hanna Love and Tracy Hadden Loh | Brookings Institution

• July 27, 2021 — Public Spaces and Social Divides

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/exploring-the-often-fraught-relationship-between-public-spaces-and-social-divides/ | Hanna Love and Tracy Hadden Loh | Brookings Institution

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• March 30, 2021 — Libraries Build Business and Community

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/libraries-build-business-and-community/ | Tracy Hadden Loh and Hanna Love | Brookings Institution

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• January 28, 2021 — The Depolarization Movement

 https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2021/01/the-depolarization-movement | Thomas Carothers and Andrew O’Donohue | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Neighborhood Action and Resident Leadership

• 2021 — Reclaiming Shared Space Through City-to-Citizen Collaboration

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/103717/reclaiming-shared-space-through-city-to-citizen-collaboration.pdf | Leiha Edmonds and colleagues | Urban Institute

• 2021 — Ascribing Outcomes of Complex Interventions to Social Networks

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/103954/ascribing-outcomes-of-complex-interventions-to-social-networks_1.pdf | Mary Bogle and colleagues | Urban Institute

• 2021 — The Four Essential Elements of an Asset-Based Community Development Process

 https://www.nurturedevelopment.org/blog/abcd-practice/the-four-essential-elements-of-an-asset-based-community-development-process/ | Cormac Russell | Nurture Development

Mutual Aid, Volunteering and Collective Care

• 2021 — Community Resilience and Mutual Aid

 https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/community-resilience-and-mutual-aid | United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction | PreventionWeb

• 2021 — The Role of Volunteers in Community Recovery

 https://www.redcross.org/about-us/news-and-events/news/2021/the-role-of-volunteers-in-community-recovery.html | American Red Cross | American Red Cross

• 2021 — Mutual Aid Groups and Community Resilience

 https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/mutual-aid-groups-and-community-resilience | Local Government Association | Local Government Association

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• 2021 — How to Build a More Cohesive America

 https://ssir.org/articles/entry/how_to_build_a_more_cohesive_america | David Brooks and Anne Snyder | Stanford Social Innovation Review

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2021 — Social Cohesion and Community Resilience During COVID-19

 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8204038/ | Rachel Jewett and colleagues | International Journal of Health Services

Inclusive Planning and Local Democracy

• 2021 — Eight Ways to Institutionalise Deliberative Democracy

 https://www.oecd.org/gov/open-government/eight-ways-to-institutionalise-deliberative-democracy.htm | OECD | OECD

Food, Culture, Education and Shared Activities

• 2021 — Community Kitchens as Social Infrastructure

 https://www.shareable.net/community-kitchens-social-infrastructure/ | Shareable | Shareable

Youth, Intergenerational Connection and Community Renewal

• 2021 — The Benefits of Intergenerational Programs

 https://www.gu.org/resources/the-benefits-of-intergenerational-programs/ | Generations United | Generations United

Economic Inclusion, Housing and Community Stability

• December 9, 2020 — National Service Can Connect America’s Young People to Opportunity and Community

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/national-service-can-connect-americas-young-people-to-opportunity-and-community-and-promote-work-of-real-social-value/ | Martha Ross | Brookings Institution

Rebuilding Rural and Small-Town Communities

• December 1, 2020 — Creating a Shared Vision of Rural Resilience Through Community-Led Civic Structures

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/creating-a-shared-vision-of-rural-resilience-through-community-led-civic-structures/ | Hanna Love and Mike Powe | Brookings Institution

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• July 16, 2020 — Social Capital: Why We Need It and How We Can Create More of It

 https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Sawhill_Social-Capital_Final_07.16.2020.pdf | Isabel Sawhill | Brookings Institution

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• July 2020 — The Psychology of Loneliness

 https://www.campaigntoendloneliness.org/wp-content/uploads/Psychology_of_Loneliness_FINAL_REPORT.pdf | Campaign to End Loneliness | Campaign to End Loneliness

Restoring Trust Through Participation

• June 10, 2020 — Innovative Citizen Participation and New Democratic Institutions

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/innovative-citizen-participation-and-new-democratic-institutions_339306da-en.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• May 1, 2020 — Communities in Nairobi Compete to Contribute to Public Space

 https://www.pps.org/article/communities-in-nairobi-compete-to-contribute-to-public-space | Yumika Takeshita | Project for Public Spaces

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• 2020 — Measuring Progress Toward Downtown Revitalization and Engaging Public Spaces

 https://staging.knightfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/KF-Measuring-Progress-toward-Downtown-Final.pdf | Knight Foundation | Knight Foundation

Mutual Aid, Volunteering and Collective Care

• 2020 — Solidarity Not Charity: Mutual Aid for Mobilization and Survival

 https://read.dukeupress.edu/social-text/article/38/1/19/160043/Solidarity-Not-CharityMutual-Aid-for | Dean Spade | Social Text

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• 2020 — The Psychology of Bridging Differences

 https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/the_psychology_of_bridging_differences | Greater Good Science Center | University of California, Berkeley

• 2020 — Bridging Differences Playbook

 https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/images/uploads/Bridging_Differences_Playbook-Final.pdf | Greater Good Science Center | University of California, Berkeley

Restoring Trust Through Participation

• 2020 — Catching the Deliberative Wave

 https://www.oecd.org/gov/open-government/innovative-citizen-participation-new-democratic-institutions-catching-the-deliberative-wave.htm | Claudia Chwalisz | OECD

Economic Inclusion, Housing and Community Stability

• 2020 — The Case for Community Wealth Building

 https://democracycollaborative.org/learn/publication/case-community-wealth-building | The Democracy Collaborative | The Democracy Collaborative

• 2020 — Community Benefits Agreements

 https://www.forworkingfamilies.org/page/policy-tools-community-benefits-agreements-and-policies-effect | Partnership for Working Families | Partnership for Working Families

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• 2020 — Promising Approaches Revisited

 https://www.campaigntoendloneliness.org/wp-content/uploads/Promising_Approaches_Revisited_FULL_REPORT.pdf | Campaign to End Loneliness | Campaign to End Loneliness

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• 2020 — Civic Assets for More Equitable Cities

 https://www.urban.org/research/publication/civic-assets-more-equitable-cities | Gabriella Gaynair and colleagues | Urban Institute

Social Connection and Public Health

• May 2019 — The Risks of Social Isolation

 https://www.apa.org/monitor/2019/05/ce-corner-isolation | Amy Novotney | American Psychological Association

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• April 8, 2019 — Feeling Good or Doing Good? Emotional Versus Relational Social Capital

 https://www.brookings.edu/articles/feeling-good-or-doing-good-emotional-social-capital-versus-relational-social-capital/ | Isabel Sawhill and Edward Rodrigue | Brookings Institution

• February 2019 — Social Capital, Civic Health, and Quality of Life in the United States

 https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republicans/2019/2/social-capital-project-releases-new-report-on-civic-health | U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee | Social Capital Project

Social Infrastructure and Public Places

• 2019 — Social Infrastructure and the Public Life of Cities

 https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gec3.12444 | Alan Latham and Jack Layton | Geography Compass

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2019 — Books on Social Infrastructure and Public Spaces

 https://americanlibraryinparis.org/books-on-social-infrastructure/ | American Library in Paris | American Library in Paris

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• 2019 — Catalyzing Neighborhood Revitalization by Strengthening Civic Infrastructure

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/100033/catalyzing_neighborhood_revitalization_by_strengthening_civic_infrastructure_1.pdf | Aaron Shroyer and colleagues | Urban Institute

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2019 — Creative Placemaking and Expansion of Opportunity

 https://kresge.org/resource/creative-placemaking-and-expansion-of-opportunity/ | Kresge Foundation | Kresge Foundation

Youth, Intergenerational Connection and Community Renewal

• 2019 — The Promise of Adolescence

 https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25388/the-promise-of-adolescence-realizing-opportunity-for-all-youth | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine | National Academies Press

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• October 15, 2018 — A Connected Society: A Strategy for Tackling Loneliness

 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/a-connected-society-a-strategy-for-tackling-loneliness | Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport | UK Government

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• July 20, 2018 — The Effects of Greening Vacant Lots on Mental Health

 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2688343 | Eugenia South and colleagues | JAMA Network Open

Bridging Class, Racial and Cultural Divisions

• April 2018 — The Geography of Social Capital in America

 https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republicans/2018/4/the-geography-of-social-capital-in-america | Social Capital Project | Joint Economic Committee

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• March 6, 2018 — Greening Vacant Lots Reduces Violence

 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1718503115 | Charles Branas and colleagues | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• 2018 — Trust and Social Capital

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/for-good-measure_9789264307278-en/full-report/component-13.html | Yann Algan | OECD

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2018 — Public Libraries: A Community’s Connection for Health

 https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/18_0030.htm | Noah Lenstra and colleagues | Preventing Chronic Disease

Neighborhood Action and Resident Leadership

• 2018 — Coming Together for Change

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/97756/coming_together_for_change.pdf | Mary Bogle, Leiha Edmonds and Ruth Gourevitch | Urban Institute

• 2018 — Trauma-Informed Community Building and Engagement

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/98296/trauma-informed_community_building_and_engagement.pdf | Elsa Falkenburger, Olivia Arena and Jessica Wolin | Urban Institute

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• 2018 — What Is Bridging Social Capital?

 https://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/what-is-bridging-social-capital/ | Tristan Claridge | Social Capital Research

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2018 — Indicators for Resilient Cities

 https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2018/03/indicators-for-resilient-cities_ab6c16ee/6f1f6065-en.pdf | Tadashi Matsumoto and colleagues | OECD

Economic Inclusion, Housing and Community Stability

• 2018 — Why Place Matters

 https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/why-place-matters | Urban Institute | Urban Institute

Measuring Social Connection and Community Cohesion

• 2018 — Social Cohesion and Well-Being in Europe

 https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/2018/social-cohesion-and-well-being-europe | Eurofound | Publications Office of the European Union

Community-Based Responses to Loneliness

• 2018 — Combating Loneliness: A Guide for Local Authorities

 https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/combating-loneliness-guide-local-authorities | Local Government Association | Local Government Association

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2018 — The Dandora Transformation Story

 https://www.pps.org/article/transforming-dandora-one-public-space-at-a-time | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

Restoring Trust Through Participation

• March 27, 2017 — Trust and Public Policy

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/trust-and-public-policy_9789264268920-en.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Social Connection and Public Health

• 2017 — Advancing Social Connection as a Public Health Priority in the United States

 https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-amp0000103.pdf | Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Theodore Robles and David Sbarra | American Psychologist

Neighborhood Action and Resident Leadership

• 2017 — A Building Block for Inclusion

 https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/93616/a-building-block-for-inclusion_1.pdf | Rolf Pendall and colleagues | Urban Institute

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2017 — The Importance of Social Capital in Building Community Resilience

 https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/importance-social-capital-building-community-resilience | Daniel Aldrich | Wilson Center

Inclusive Planning and Local Democracy

• 2017 — Democracy Beyond Elections

 https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/democracy-beyond-elections/ | Claudia Chwalisz | Nesta

Food, Culture, Education and Shared Activities

• 2017 — Community Schools: An Evidence-Based Strategy for Equitable School Improvement

 https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/community-schools-equitable-improvement-brief | Jeannie Oakes, Anna Maier and Julia Daniel | Learning Policy Institute

Rebuilding Rural and Small-Town Communities

• 2017 — Rural Prosperity Through the Arts and Creative Sector

 https://www.arts.gov/impact/research/publications/rural-prosperity-through-arts-and-creative-sector | National Endowment for the Arts | National Endowment for the Arts

Economic Inclusion, Housing and Community Stability

• 2016 — Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City Resources

 https://evictedbook.com/resources/ | Matthew Desmond | Evicted Project

Food, Culture, Education and Shared Activities

• 2016 — Food as a Tool for Community Building

 https://www.pps.org/article/food-as-a-tool-for-community-building | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

• 2016 — Culture: Urban Future

 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000245999 | UNESCO | UNESCO

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2016 — The Case for Healthy Places

 https://www.pps.org/product/the-case-for-healthy-places | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• 2015 — Civic Trust and Socio-Political Cohesion

 https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/state-society-relations-and-citizenship/civic-trust-and-socio-political-cohesion-overview/ | Governance and Social Development Resource Centre | GSDRC

Mutual Aid, Volunteering and Collective Care

• 2015 — Volunteering, Participatory Governance and Social Cohesion

 https://www.unv.org/publications/volunteering-participatory-governance-and-social-cohesion | United Nations Volunteers | United Nations Volunteers

Civic Infrastructure and Shared Community Assets

• 2015 — Global Public Space Toolkit

 https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2019/05/global_public_space_toolkit.pdf | UN-Habitat | United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2014 — Community Gardens as Places of Encounter

 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0042098013504909 | Hannah Pitt | Urban Studies

Economic Inclusion, Housing and Community Stability

• 2013 — Mixed-Income Communities and Social Capital

 https://www.urban.org/research/publication/developing-choice-neighborhoods | Urban Institute researchers | Urban Institute

Bridging Class, Racial and Cultural Divisions

• 2013 — Social Cohesion Radar

 https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/en/publications/publication/did/social-cohesion-radar-measuring-common-ground | Bertelsmann Stiftung | Bertelsmann Stiftung

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2012 — Social Capital in the Response to Disaster

 https://www.russellsage.org/publications/building-resilience | Daniel Aldrich | Russell Sage Foundation

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2012 — Placemaking and the Future of Cities

 https://unhabitat.org/placemaking-and-the-future-of-cities | UN-Habitat | United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2011 — Building Community Resilience to Disasters

 https://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR915.html | Anita Chandra and colleagues | RAND Corporation

Community Ownership and Long-Term Stability

• 2011 — Community Land Trust Technical Manual

 https://groundedsolutions.org/tools-for-success/resource-library/community-land-trust-technical-manual | Grounded Solutions Network | Grounded Solutions Network

Social Cohesion, Trust and Belonging

• 2010 — Improving Health and Social Cohesion Through Education

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/improving-health-and-social-cohesion-through-education_9789264086319-en.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Community Ownership and Long-Term Stability

• 2010 — The Cleveland Model

 https://community-wealth.org/content/cleveland-model-how-evergreen-cooperatives-build-community-wealth | The Democracy Collaborative | Community-Wealth.org

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2009 — The Power of 10+

 https://www.pps.org/article/the-power-of-10 | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

• 2009 — Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper

 https://www.pps.org/article/lighter-quicker-cheaper | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

Bridging Class, Racial and Cultural Divisions

• May 2008 — Living Together as Equals in Dignity

 https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/intercultural/source/white%20paper_final_revised_en.pdf | Council of Europe | Council of Europe

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2008 — Social Interaction and Urban Public Space

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494407000439 | Margaret Cattell and colleagues | Journal of Environmental Psychology

Community Resilience and Recovery

• 2008 — Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities and Strategy

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925268/ | Fran Norris and colleagues | American Journal of Community Psychology

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2007 — What Is Placemaking?

 https://www.pps.org/article/what-is-placemaking | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• 2006 — A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6765074_A_Meta-Analytic_Test_of_Intergroup_Contact_Theory | Thomas Pettigrew and Linda Tropp | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• 2004 — Neighborhoods and Violent Crime

 https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/205347.pdf | National Institute of Justice | U.S. Department of Justice

Libraries, Parks and Third Places

• 2003 — Community Gardens: Lessons Learned From California Healthy Cities and Communities

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447113/ | Gail Twiss and colleagues | American Journal of Public Health

Food, Culture, Education and Shared Activities

• 2003 — Arts and Culture in Communities: A Framework for Measurement

 https://www.urban.org/research/publication/arts-and-culture-communities | Maria Rosario Jackson and colleagues | Urban Institute

Dialogue, Polarization and Bridging Divides

• November 2001 — The Contact Hypothesis Re-Evaluated

 https://www.apa.org/monitor/nov01/contact | Tori DeAngelis | American Psychological Association

Restoring Trust Through Participation

• October 29, 2001 — Citizens as Partners

 https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/citizens-as-partners_9789264195578-en.html | OECD | OECD Publishing

Resident-Led Placemaking and Neighborhood Improvement

• 2000 — How to Turn a Place Around

 https://www.pps.org/product/how-to-turn-a-place-around | Project for Public Spaces | Project for Public Spaces

Safety, Violence Prevention and Collective Efficacy

• August 15, 1997 — Collective Efficacy and Violent Crime

 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.277.5328.918 | Robert Sampson, Stephen Raudenbush and Felton Earls | Science